A War Like No Other (45 page)

    
curtailed at times of war,
197–99
,
200–220
,
218

    
curtailed under Obama,
100–101
,
103
,
117–24

    
of enemy combatants,
15–16
,
18–20
,
22–25
,
52–68
,
120–21

    
extraterritorial reach of,
3
,
13
,
58–66
,
246–50

    
federal judiciary and,
3–4
,
110–17
,
170

    
of Guantánamo detainees,
73–75
,
107
,
182–83
,
278–79

    
of noncitizens,
22
,
53–68
,
74–75
,
107
,
112
,
115–16
,
180
,
182
,
272–73

cosmopolitanism,
60–61
,
62
,
63
,
73–74
,
94
,
246–47

counsel, right to,
47–48
,
80

courts-martial,
83–88

damages, suits for,
184–86
,
188–92
,
195
,
280–81

declarations of war,
267–68

declaratory judgments,
184
,
186–90

Defense Intelligence Agency,
23
,
40

democracy,
xvii

    
as a deliberative process,
77
,
91
,
93

    
and First Amendment,
210–11

    
and human dignity,
131–32

    
vs. majoritarianism,
77
,
91

    
minimalism and,
70
,
90–91

    
and political advocacy,
218

    
presidential system,
90–91
,
134–35

    
statutory interpretations and,
76

    
U.S. Constitution and,
77

deportation program,
29–30

Derwish, Kamal,
273

Detainee Treatment Act of 2005,
xii
,
80–82
,
89
,
110–11
,
113
,
115
,
118
,
135
,
178–79
,
182–83
,
184
,
229

detention facilities.
See
Bagram Air Field detainees
;
Guantánamo Bay Naval Base, prison at
;
Guantánamo detainees
)

detention policy,
12–15
,
23–24
,
33–35
,
196

    
of Bush administration,
37–38
,
46–47
,
74–76
,
105–6
,
111–12
,
272–73

    
enemy combatants and,
18–19

    
legality of,
38–68

    
of Obama administration,
161–67
,
272–73
,
310–11n8

    
U.S. Congress and,
76

Detroit Free Press v. Ashcroft
,
5

dignity principle,
173
,
180
,
182
,
188
,
195

doctrine of enumerated powers,
61–62

domestic terrorist organizations, First Amendment and,
208

Douglas, William O.,
236

Doumar, Robert J.,
16–17

drone strikes,
x
,
xv
,
221
,
260–61
,
273–74

due process,
38
,
98
,
161
,
173

    
citizens and,
3
,
15–16
,
23–24
,
39–40
,
113–14

    
enemy combatants and,
4
,
45–52
,
52–68
,
284–85

    
Guantánamo detainees and,
77–89
,
96
,
278–79

    
military commissions and,
94

    
noncitizens and,
3
,
13
,
40
,
53–68

    
targeted killing and,
267–70
,
273–75
,
280

    
U.S. Constitution and,
274–75
,
276

    
Warren Court era and,
108

    
See also
Due Process Clause

Due Process Clause,
77–89
,
165
,
169
,
173
,
261
,
267–70
,
273–74
.
See also
due process

Dworkin, Ronald,
34
,
290n14

Egypt,
105
,
128
,
180

Eighth Amendment,
63
,
105
,
111
,
192

    
ban on “Cruel and Unusual Punishments,”
168–69

    
prohibition of torture in,
168–69
,
172–73
,
178
,
180
,
182–83
,
188
,
291n34

electronic communications, surveillance of,
101
,
221–58

Ellis, T.S., III,
26–29

enemy combatants,
15
,
20
,
47

    
al-Qaeda as,
153
,
155

    
burden of proof of innocence,
135

    
Bush administration and,
77

    
citizens as,
80
,
106
,
262–85

    
classification of,
67–68

    
constitutional rights of,
15–16
,
18–20
,
22–23
,
52–68
,
105–6

    
designation as,
47–50
,
67–68
,
78–80

    
detention of,
18–19

    
distinguishing from civilians,
136–37

    
due process and,
4
,
45–68
,
284–85

    
federal judiciary and,
4

    
habeas corpus and,
52–68
,
77
,
106
,
111–12
,
115–17
,
165–67

    
imprisonment of,
33–35
,
38–68
,
148
,
159–60

    
lawful vs. unlawful,
20–24
(
see also
unlawful enemy combatants
)

    
legal status of,
18–20

    
military commissions and,
107–8

    
noncitizens as,
112

    
proof in support of designation as,
47–50
,
67–68

    
Taliban as,
149–50
,
153

    
targeted killing of,
262–85

    
See also
unlawful enemy combatants

enumerated powers, doctrine of,
61–62

Espionage Act of 1917,
197

evidence

    
discovery and admission of,
161

    
rules of,
79–80
,
84
,
120

    
secret,
108
,
157–58
(
see also
state secrets doctrine
)

    
See also
evidentiary hearings

evidentiary hearings,
18–20
,
23
,
33–34
,
50
,
52
,
67–68
,
79–80
,
106–7
,
113–14
,
278
,
284–85

evidentiary rules, military commissions and,
120

exclusionary rule,
157

executive branch,
3
,
33–34
,
67
,
90

    
authority to carry out targeted killings,
281

    
deference to in times of war,
17–19
,
75
,
105–6
,
134–35
,
170–71
,
177–78
,
185
,
192
,
228–30

    
federal judiciary and,
4
,
276–82

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
86–87

    
intelligence gathering and,
221–22

    
legislative branch and,
90–91
,
177–78

    
military commissions and,
96

    
oversight of,
4
,
276–82

    
power of,
177–79
,
228–30
(
see also
separation of powers
)

    
prerogative of,
228–30
,
285

    
prohibition of torture and,
177–78

    
responsibility to direct wars,
268–69

    
rule of law and,
177

    
targeted killing policy and,
268–85

    
unilateral exercises of power by,
257–58

    
war and,
17–19
,
75
,
105–6
,
134–35
,
170–71
,
177–78
,
185
,
192
,
228–30
,
268–69

    
See also
Bush administration
;
Obama administration

Ex Parte Milligan
,
xi
,
125

Ex Parte Quirin
,
xi
,
125
,
290n20

extrajudicial killings,
x
,
262–85

extraordinary rendition,
xiv
,
105
,
118–19
,
123
,
135
,
169–70
,
193–94
,
302n39

    
definition of,
179

    
interrogation and,
179–80

    
to Syria,
181–82
,
183

    
See also
targeted killing

federal judiciary,
3–4
,
12–13
,
16
,
17
,
19

    
constitutional rights and,
160–61
,
170
(
see also specific rights
)

    
FISA Amendments Act of 2008 and,
242–43

    
jurisdiction of,
19–20

    
marginalization of role of,
170–71

    
prerogative of,
285

    
responsibility to safeguard the Constitution,
xi–xii
,
xv–xvi
,
12–13
,
16–17
,
19
,
29–30
,
50
,
68
,
71
,
76–77
,
89–94
,
98
,
100
,
113
,
137
,
170–71
,
178
,
192
,
223–24
,
257–58
,
261
,
275–76

    
retrenchment on injunctive relief,
170–71

    
role in ending torture,
169–70

Federal Register,
203

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 54(c),
187

Fifth Amendment,
38
,
63
,
105
,
111
,
147
,
192