A War Like No Other (49 page)

    
democracy and,
218

    
First Amendment and,
207–15

political question doctrine,
282–83

Powell, Lewis,
236
,
237

presidential power.
See
executive branch

principle of distinction,
270

principle of freedom,
xiv
,
39–40
,
70
,
81
,
146–67
,
289n12

    
adjustments in War on Terror,
154–55

    
bifurcated exclusionary rule and,
144
,
157

    
citizens and,
165

    
exceptions for war,
105–6
,
119
,
144
,
147–48
,
154–56
,
167

    
imprisonment without trial and,
163

    
noncitizens and,
165

    
Obama administration and,
161–67

    
procedural protections provided by,
147

    
U.S. Constitution and,
37–38
,
42–45
,
52
,
77
,
147

prisoners,
12–15

    
See also
Bagram Air Field detainees
;
Guantánamo detainees
;
prisoners of war

prisoners of war,
12–13
,
22
,
67
,
288n22

    
Third Geneva Convention and,
175–76

privacy

    
protections of,
xvii
,
108–10

    
reasonable expectation of,
253–54

    
right to privacy,
xvii

    
warrants and,
235

probable cause,
201

    
FISA and,
244
,
307n52

    
warrantless wiretapping and,
244–50

    
warrants and,
238–39

proportionality,
137–38

    
proportionality rule,
270–71
,
274–75

    
proportionality test,
135–36

Protect America Act of 2007,
113
,
122

qualified immunity doctrine,
185–86
,
195

Rasul v. Bush
,
34–35
,
38
,
52–68
,
78–79
,
80
,
81
,
86
,
88–90
,
95
,
96

    
Breyer and,
95

    
Ginsburg and,
95
,
96–97

    
Kennedy and,
66–67
,
95

    
O’Connor and,
95

    
Souter and,
95

    
Stevens and,
53–68
,
66
,
69–70
,
78–79
,
95

Rehnquist, William,
42
,
95

    
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
and,
46–48
,
279

    
Rumsfeld v. Padilla
and,
114

    
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
and,
58–60
,
62–66
,
74–75
,
78
,
96–97
,
246–48

Rehnquist Court,
xii
,
170
,
226

rendition.
See
extraordinary rendition, definition of

Ridge, Tom,
198

right of access,
30
,
80
,
85

right of presence,
85

right of self-defense, preemptive strikes and,
266

right to counsel,
47–48
,
80

right to privacy,
xvii

Roberts, John,
x
,
95–96

    
confirmation hearing of,
208

    
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
and,
198
,
204–7
,
209–16
,
217–18
,
219

    
military commissions and,
95–96

Roberts Court, warrantless wiretapping and,
226

Rochin v. California
,
169

rules of evidence,
79–80
,
84
,
120

Rumsfeld, Donald,
175–76

Rumsfeld v. Padilla
,
30–31
,
34–36
,
38
,
40–45
,
114–15

Saudi Arabia,
264
,
290n27

Scalia, Antonin

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
96

    
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
and,
46
,
278–79

    
Olmstead v. United States
and,
254

    
principle of freedom and,
289n12

    
on probable cause,
307–8n53

    
United States v. Jones
and,
254

    
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
and,
64

searches and seizures,
xv
,
58–60
,
65
,
74
,
132
,
196
,
234
,
250–51
,
253–56

secretary of state, designation and regulation of foreign terrorist organizations,
203–4

secret evidence, disclosure of,
157–58

separation of powers,
110
,
111
,
116
,
135
,
166
,
257–58
,
268–69

Shahzad, Faisal,
163

Sixth Amendment,
39
,
41
,
48
,
183

Snowden, Edward,
xv
,
221–23

Sotomayor, Sonia,
216

Souter, David

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
96–97

    
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
and,
46
,
48
,
49
,
80
,
278

    
as minimalist,
69

    
Rasul v. Bush
and,
95
,
96–97

sovereignty

    
territorial,
265–66
,
272

    
U.S. exercise of,
14–15

Spanish-American War,
183

“special needs” exception,
250–53

speech, criminalization of,
197–99

Sri Lanka,
198
,
202
,
203
,
204–5
,
212
,
213
,
214

state secrets doctrine,
188–92
,
194
,
195
,
280–81

Stevens, John Paul,
66

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
xiii
,
82–89
,
96

    
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
and,
46
,
278–79

    
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
and,
215–16

    
minimalism and,
75–76

    
as minimalist,
69–70

    
principle of freedom and,
289n12

    
Rasul v. Bush
and,
53–68
,
69–70
,
78–79
,
95

    
retirement of,
215

    
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
and,
64

Stewart, Potter,
236

Stotzky, Irwin,
6

structural injunction, paring back of,
170

substantive rationality,
137–38

Sunstein, Cass,
One Case at a Time
,
69–70

surveillance,
xv
,
228–56
,
273
,
307n51
,
309n74

    
See also
intelligence gathering
;
wiretapping

Suspension Clause,
166

Syria,
105
,
129
,
180–83
,
185
,
188

Taft, William Howard,
234
,
254

Taliban,
7–8
,
13
,
15–16
,
19–20
,
39
,
47
,
77
,
104
,
107
,
111
,
113–14
,
227
,
266

    
citizens as,
164

    
as enemy combatants,
21–22
,
27–29
,
149–50
,
153

    
Geneva Conventions and,
148–53

    
in Guantánamo prison,
155

    
imprisonment without trial and,
148–53
,
162

    
Lindh and,
24–25
,
26–28

    
Taliban army,
27–29

    
war with,
118
,
119

Tamil Tigers,
202
,
204–5
,
212–13
,
214
,
219–20

targeted killing,
xv
,
101
,
133
,
136
,
260
,
262–85

    
of citizens,
272–74

    
civilian deaths as a result of,
271–72
,
274–75
,
280
,
310n7

    
claims for damages as a result of,
280–81

    
congressional oversight of,
276–77

    
due process and,
267–70
,
273–75
,
280

    
of enemy combatants,
262–85

    
judicial review of,
275–85

    
legal standards for,
265–85
,
276

    
Obama administration and,
273–74

    
oversight of,
276–82

    
procedures for assessing compliance,
276–82

    
prospective vs. retroactive inquiry into,
281–82

telephone communications

    
as evidence,
238–39

    
surveillance of,
222
,
227–58

    
transcripts of,
238–39

terrorism,
21–22
,
103–4
,
202
,
217–18

    
Barak’s rulings on,
133

    
civilians affected by,
136–37

    
constitutional rights and,
129

    
in Israel,
128–39

    
rule of law and,
128–39

    
threat of,
266

    
See also
War on Terror
;
specific acts

terrorist organizations

    
criminalization of political advocacy on behalf of,
201–20

    
peaceful/humanitarian vs. violent support for,
204–5

    
regulation and designation of,
202–4