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institutionalization of,
120–21

    
jurisdiction of,
108
,
272–73

    
noncitizens and,
112
,
121

    
Obama administration and,
119–21

    
procedural issues,
84–86

    
rules of evidence in,
84

    
structural aspects of,
85–86

    
transformation from necessity to convenience,
108

    
trial of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed,
101

    
unconstitutionality of,
96–97

    
U.S. Congress and,
87

    
U.S. Department of Defense and,
108

    
in World War II,
108

    
See also
Military Commissions Act of 2006
;
Military Commissions Act of 2009
;
military tribunals

Military Commissions Act of 2006,
70
,
87–90
,
111–13
,
121
,
135
,
247
,
272
,
293n20
,
293n21

    
Court of Appeals and,
88

    
habeas corpus and,
111–12
,
120

    
legality of,
88

    
Obama administration and,
120

    
torture and,
112

    
U.S. Congress and,
112
,
115–16

Military Commissions Act of 2009,
120–21
,
135
,
272

military necessity,
129–30

    
deference to in times of war,
132–37

    
fundamental values and,
134–35

military tribunals,
19–22
,
25
,
79–80
,
111
,
114
,
135
,
279

    
appellate review and,
81

    
establishment of,
155

    
procedural deficiencies of,
89

    
See also
military commissions

minimalism,
xvii
,
56
,
69–102

    
dangers of,
69–70
,
76–77

    
democracy and,
70
,
90–91

    
dilemma of each individual justice,
94–98

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
82–83
,
86

    
as a judicial strategy,
94–95
,
96

Mobbs, Michael,
16–19
,
22
,
23
,
29
,
30
,
47

Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh,
101
,
120
,
232

    
trial of,
156–57
,
158–59
,
232
,
259

Mukasey, Michael B.,
22–24
,
176–77
,
193
,
198

Mumbai, India, terrorist attacks in,
104

National Security Agency (NSA),
xv
,
101
,
109
,
200–202
,
221–22
,
227
,
232
,
273

    
warrantless wiretapping and,
112–13

New York Times
,
33
,
198
,
227
,
229
,
260

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
,
208

New York Times v. United States
,
197

Nixon, Richard,
177
,
236

noncitizens,
63

    
vs. citizens,
273

    
constitutional rights of,
22
,
53–68
,
74–75
,
78–89
,
107
,
112
,
115–16
,
180
,
182
,
272–73

    
due process and,
3
,
13
,
40
,
53–68

    
as enemy combatants,
112

    
FISA and,
240–41

    
in Guantánamo prison,
13–14

    
habeas corpus and,
12–15
,
40
,
53–68
,
70–71
,
78–89
,
88
,
107
,
122
,
165–66

    
imprisonment without trial and,
163–64

    
legal status of,
3
,
13

    
military commissions and,
112
,
121

    
principle of freedom and,
165

    
USA PATRIOT Act and,
12

    
warrantless wiretapping and,
273

Non-Detention Act of 1971,
44–46
,
164–65

Northern Alliance,
7
,
13
,
15
,
16
,
17

North Jersey Media Group, Inc. v. Ashcroft
,
29–30

Northwest Airlines, attempted bombing of,
119

Obama, Barack,
99

    
avoidance of phrase “War on Terror,”
153

    
banning of torture,
157

    
decision against truth commissions,
118
,
194–95

    
decision not to criminally prosecute previous administration,
118
,
194–95

    
decision not to prosecute CIA agents,
194–95

    
executive order banning torture,
118

    
executive orders confining CIA to interrogation based on Army Field Manual,
193

    
executive order to close Guantánamo,
156
,
193

    
Guantánamo detainees’ hunger strike of 2013 and,
143
,
144–45

    
national security agenda of,
221–22

    
policies on torture,
193–95

    
policy on imprisonment without trial,
156
,
159–67

    
policy toward the Taliban,
150–51

    
promise to change counterterrorism policies of Bush Administration,
117–18

    
promise to close Guantánamo prison,
xiii
,
99
,
117
,
121–22
,
143
,
259

    
promise to develop system of “judicial and congressional oversight,”
159–60

    
on proportionality rule,
270–71

    
reasons for continuing Bush administration policies,
123

    
speech at National Archives 2009,
99–100
,
150–52
,
156
,
159
,
163
,
165

    
speech at National Defense University,
270–71
,
277

    
stated opposition to torture,
193

    
statement distinguishing between imprisonment policy on citizens vs. noncitizens,
163–64

    
targeted killing and,
260

    
vote against FISA Amendments Act of 2008,
122–23

    
See also
Obama administration

Obama administration,
101–2

    
Arar case and,
181
,
194

    
AUMF and,
159–60

    
blocking of judicial inquiries into extraordinary rendition,
118–19

    
Boumediene v. Bush
and,
121–22

    
continuation of Bush-era policies,
x
,
xiii
,
xiv
,
100–103
,
117–24
,
143–44
,
150–51
,
156–57
,
159–67
,
202
,
219
,
223–24
,
259
,
272–73
,
285

    
detention policy and,
161–67
,
272–73
,
310–11n8

    
electronic surveillance program of,
222–58

    
extraordinary rendition and,
193–94

    
FISA Amendments Act of 2008 and,
231–33

    
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed trial and,
120

    
military commissions and,
119–21

    
oversight system for imprisonment without trial,
159–61

    
principle of freedom and,
147
,
161–67

    
targeted killing of citizens and,
273–74

    
Terrorist Surveillance Program and,
231–33

    
torture and,
118–19
,
123
,
193–95

    
warrantless wiretapping and,
122–23
,
231–33

    
war with al-Qaeda and,
117–24
,
219
,
268

    
See also
Obama, Barack

Occupied Territories,
129
,
131
,
133
,
138
,
310n7

O’Connor, Sandra Day,
4–5
,
34

    
Boumediene v. Bush
and,
311n11

    
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
and,
46–48
,
49–52
,
79–80
,
113–14
,
135
,
164–65
,
278–79
,
290n14
,
290n20

    
as minimalist,
69

    
Rasul v. Bush
and,
95

    
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
and,
64

Office of the Director of National Intelligence,
160
,
242

Olmstead v. United States
,
234
,
254

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act,
235–36

One Case at a Time
(Sunstein),
70
,
93

overbreadth doctrine,
256–57
,
310n89

Padilla, Jose,
22–24
,
35–36
,
38–45
,
67
,
158
,
164

    
downgrading of charges against,
43–44

    
habeas corpus and,
41–44

    
sentencing and resentencing of,
36

    
transfer to civilian custody,
289n7

    
See also
Rumsfeld v. Padilla

Palestinians,
131–32
,
138

    
See also
Occupied Territories

Panetta, Leon,
193–94

Pentagon Papers case,
197

Persian Gulf War,
10

“personal” injury,
126

Philippines,
183

plea agreements,
25–26

political advocacy

    
coordinated versus independent,
218

    
criminalization of,
xiv–xv
,
200–220

BOOK: A War Like No Other
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