At Canaan's Edge (136 page)

their relative skills as chase drivers: Int. Bob Mants, Sept. 8, 2000.

began to approach white registration: Eagles,
Outside Agitator,
p. 197.

Tuskegee Boy Scout camp: Diary of Francis Walter, Oct. 9, 1965, courtesy of Francis Walter; int. Martha Prescod Norman, June 29, 2000.

Rev. Francis Walter, succeeded Daniels: Francis Walter, “Report by the Director, Selma Inter-Religious Project, October 25, 1965,” BIR/FW2f5; Callahan,
Quilting Bee,
p. 10; int. Francis X. Walter by Stanley Smith, August 1968, RJB; int. Francis Walter, Sept. 7, 2000. In addition to the Synagogue Council of America, the Selma Inter-Religious Project was sponsored by the National Council of Churches of Christ, the National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice, and the Unitarian-Universalist Association.

November election of farm councils: Eagles,
Outside Agitator,
pp. 134–36; Cleophus Hobbs and Terry Shaw, “Report: Hale County,” Aug. 26, 1965, Reel 18, SNCC; Tina Harris, “Money Spent for ASCS Workshop, Sept. 17–18, 1965,” with undated “MEMO” on the workshop from “Janet, Tina” to “Silas, Muriel, Staff,” Reel 37, SNCC. The farm council elections were held by the Agriculture Department's Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS), which had been formed in 1961.

A lone SCLC emissary turned up: Diary of Francis Walter, Oct. 18, 1965, courtesy of Francis Walter.

she had tried to resume her graduate studies: Int. Gloria Larry House, June 29, 2000.

“She won't move”: Diary of Francis Walter, Oct. 18, 1965, courtesy of Francis Walter.

She yearned to join the SNCC staff: Int. Gloria Larry House, June 29, 2000; int. Francis X. Walter by Stanley Smith, August 1968, RJB, pp. 15–16; Diary of Francis Walter, Oct. 18, 1965, courtesy of Francis Walter. Walter encountered Larry at both the Oct. 9 and Oct. 18 meetings.

stayed just long enough to testify: SAC, Mobile, to Director, Oct. 12, 1965, FVL-492. The frightened witness Leroy Moton, who had been riding with Viola Liuzzo when Klansmen shot her on March 25, 1965, was secluded before the Liuzzo trial as a volunteer teacher at the SCLC Freedom School in Crawfordville, Georgia, where KKK violence followed him.

“was it part of your duties”: NYT, Oct. 21, 1965, pp. 1, 28.

serving as a pallbearer at his funeral: Jones to DeLoach, Aug. 24, 1965, FVL-449.

“I'm not going to meet with 'em”: McWhorter,
Carry,
pp. 251–53.

gentleman segregationist: Ibid., pp. 180–81, 190–92.

befitting a former FBI agent: Ibid. Hanes remained on the FBI Special Correspondents' List in 1965, and had exchanged complimentary notes with J. Edgar Hoover during the “notorious liar” controversy with Martin Luther King, urging the Director “not to succumb to leftist pressure groups and resign or retire.” Jones to DeLoach, Aug. 24, 1965, FVL-449.

“Parable of the Two Goats”: SAC, Mobile, to Director, Oct. 22, 1965, FVL-523.

“Maybe the murderer”: Stanton,
From Selma,
pp. 127–28.

“It is absolutely undisputed”: NYT, Oct. 23, 1965, p. 1.

Flowers posted a well-known marksman: Int. Richmond Flowers, Aug. 9, 1990. “When I stood up inside the rail,” Flowers recalled, “he [state trooper bodyguard Harvey Wilson] stood up and faced the courtroom, and always had his coat kicked back with his pistol [showing]. He was an excellent marksman, and everybody knew it.”

support for the ACLU: NYT, Oct. 26, 1965, p. 28.

“chamber of horrors”: Joe Califano to LBJ, Oct. 25, 1965, WHCF, Box 56, LBJ. Califano attached for LBJ recent memos by Lee White (October 13) and George Reedy (October 2) on the same subject, growing out of the Tom Coleman trial.

King was in Europe: Garrow,
Bearing,
p. 451; MLK, schedule for October 1965, A/KP1f30.

blues pianist Memphis Slim:
Jet,
Nov. 11, 1965, pp. 50–52.

“the beginning of vigilante justice”: NYT, Oct. 24, 1965, pp. 1, 78.

“OPEN SEASON” bumper stickers: Stanton,
From Selma,
p. 128.

threat relayed from Lowndes County: Mobile Office LHM, “Unknown Subject; Threat to Kill Martin Luther King, Jr.—Victim,” Oct. 28, 1965, FK-[serial number illegible].

Andrew Young told Stanley Levison: Wiretap transcript of telephone conversation between Stanley Levison and Clarence Jones, Oct. 26, 1965, FLNY-9-739a; FBI Headquarters LHM dated Oct. 26, 1965, FK-[serial number illegible].

Unremitting intrigue seeped: Cf. NYT, March 14, 1965, p. 33; NYT, June 20, 1965, p. 28; NYT, June 23, 1965, p. 23; int. Marc Tanenbaum, Feb. 5, 1991; int. Frank Murphy, March 8, 1991; int. John Oesterreicher, May 24, 1991; int. Thomas Stransky, Feb. 27, 1992.

“not only did not recognize Him”: NYT, April 11, 1965, p. IV-4.

Vatican deputies removed from
Nostra Aetate:
NYT, Sept. 11, 1965, p. 1.

“realized fairly late”: Joseph Roddy, “How the Jews Changed Catholic Thinking,”
Look,
Jan. 25, 1966, p. 23.

American cardinals led unsuccessful fights: Vorgimler, ed.,
Commentary,
pp. 108–21; Yzermans, ed.,
Participation,
pp. 581–85.

word “deicide” raised thorny heresies: Remarks to the council by Augustin Cardinal Bea, Oct. 14, 1965, in Bea,
Church,
pp. 169–72; Vorgimler, ed.,
Commentary,
pp. 106–7.

Rabbi Abraham Heschel had dared to plead: Branch,
Pillar,
pp. 167–69, 482–85.

Last-minute scandalmongers: Vorgimler, ed.,
Commentary,
p. 122.

porters lifted the papal sedan: Associated Press,
World in 1965,
pp. 232–36.

Votes against
Nostra Aetate
collapsed: Bea,
Church,
pp. 24–27; NYT, Oct. 29, 1965, p. 1.

“So do not become proud”: Romans 11:20, cited in
Nostra Aetate,
footnote 12.

“a turning point in 1,900 years”: NYT, Oct. 29, 1965, p. 24.

Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik: “Scholar Delimits Interfaith Talks: Rabbi Says Theology Should Not Be Discussed,” NYT, Jan. 30, 1966, p. 75; “Rabbi Says Faiths Are Not Related,” NYT, Aug. 16, 1964, p. 7; Gilbert,
Vatican,
pp. 292–301; Branch,
Pillar,
p. 484.

issued
Dabru Emet:
“Dabru Emet,” NYT, Sept. 10, 2000, p. 23.

series of eight elaborated propositions: Frymer-Kensky et al., eds.,
Christianity, passim;
Institute for Christian and Jewish Studies, Baltimore, www.icjs.org/what/njsp/ index.html.

demonstrations over the weekend of October 16: Wells,
War Within,
pp. 56–57.

David Miller, a young Catholic Worker pacifist: Powers,
War,
pp. 86–87.

“a significant political act”: NYT, Oct. 16, 1965, pp. 1–2.

“They are not promoting peace”: Reston, “Washington: The Stupidity of Intelligence,” NYT, Oct. 16, 1965.

“shocked at pictures”:
Congressional Record,
Oct. 18, 1965, p. S-27251.

Congress had outlawed the willful defacement: Friedland,
Lift Up,
p. 158; Powers,
War,
p. 86.

“if we tuck tail and run now”:
Congressional Record,
Oct. 18, 1965, pp. S-27253–54.

“the wailing, quailing”: Ibid., p. 27254.

Katzenbach pledged to investigate: NYT, Oct. 18, 1965, p. 1.

“in the direction of treason”: Wells,
War,
p. 58.

Nixon said that to tolerate comfort: Menashe and Radosh, eds.,
Teach-Ins,
p. 233.

“would feel toward his country”: NYT, Oct. 26, 1965, p. 4.

“annoying clamor”: John K. Jessup, “The Answer to What VIETNIKS Call a Moral Issue,”
Life,
Oct. 29, 1965, p. 40-D.

“vicious, venomous, and vile”:
Congressional Record,
Oct. 18, 1965, p. S-27252.

Public animus surged so broadly: “Church Assails Draft Dodgers,” NYT, Oct. 20, 1965, pp. 1, 2.

“build not burn”: Zaroulis and Sullivan,
Who Spoke Up?,
p. 60.

“It concerns us”: NYT, Oct. 26, 1965, p. 4.

Rabbi Heschel spontaneously assured reporters: Hall,
Because,
p. 14.

“Are we then finished?”: Friedland,
Lift Up,
p. 159.

“evil of indifference”: Branch,
Pillar,
pp. 167–68.

Heschel joined Neuhaus: Hall,
Because,
p. 15; Friedland,
Lift Up,
pp. 161–63.

“the most miserable mob scene ever”: DeBenedetti,
Ordeal,
pp. 128–29.

A Pennsylvania Klan leader committed suicide: NYT, Oct. 31, 1965, p. 1; NYT, Nov. 1, 1965, p. 1.

Murky reports from Indonesia: Ibid.

a “human wave” attack: NYT, Oct. 31, 1965, p. 1.

hamlet of Deduc: NYT, Oct. 31, 1965, p. 1; NYT, Nov. 1, 1965, p. 1.

Norman Morrison saw: NYT, Nov. 7, 1965, p. 2; Zaroulis and Sullivan,
Who Spoke Up?,
pp. 1–3; DeBenedetti,
Ordeal,
p. 129.

“always before my eyes”:
Baltimore Evening Sun,
Nov. 25, 1965, p. B-1.

“nobody opposes the war in Vietnam”:
Baltimore Sun,
Nov. 2, 1965, p. 10.

Morrison chafed gently:
Baltimore Evening Sun,
Nov. 25, 1965, p. B-1.

Newspapers had published:
Baltimore Sun,
Aug. 3, 1965, republished Nov. 4, 1965, p. 18.

petitioned the White House: Morrison to “Mr. President,” April 14, 15, and 16, 1965, WHCF, Name File, LBJ.

notes to his “fellow” seminarian Bill Moyers: Morrison to Moyers, Feb. 15, 1964, and July 24, 1965, WHCF, Name File, LBJ. In the first letter, Morrison offered encouragement to the early Johnson administration, including a long-range appraisal of the Cold War: “Our governmental system is not nearly as easily transportable as the Russian one, but it has stood longer and is universally recognized as more idealistic, based as it is on the dignity of man as created in the image of justice and goodness for all. Our main disadvantage is that we are too far ahead to identify with the have-nots. The world is already fearful and jealous of our power. We are muscle-bound in foreign affairs with little in the way of practical and consistent alternatives to offer to revolutionary minded have-nots. Our prime exportable gift has so far been to assure protection with massive, essentially irrelevant, military strength…. China is determined to identify herself with the revolutions of the world even if it means breaking her ties with Russia. The country that can best fit itself to identify with the revolutions of the future will have gained the world by 2000. This will certainly not be Russia.” Morrison's second letter to Moyers, just before LBJ announced the major troop commitment to Vietnam, pleaded: “Many of us had begun to feel that it wasn't worth writing any more as things went from bad to worse. If the right decision is made it will have to be great and probably not helpful politically…. We pray that you and your boss will have the courage to replace patriotism with a true God.”

“Every day we sin more”: Morrison to LBJ, Feb. 17, 1965, WHCF, Name File, LBJ.

“Dearest Anne”:
Baltimore Evening Sun,
Nov. 25, 1965, p. B-1.

“He was a torch”: NYT, Nov. 3, 1965, pp. 1, 8.

rescue nurse Cloretta Jones:
Jet,
Nov. 25, 1965, pp. 22–23.

“Baltimore Quaker with Baby”:
Baltimore Sun,
Nov. 3, 1965, p. 1.

devoted two subsequent profiles: “Colleagues Stunned by Quaker's Self-Immolation,” NYT, Nov. 4, 1965, p. 5; “Death of a Quaker: His Friends See a Lesson,” NYT, Nov. 7, 1965, p. 2.

“alien to the American temper”: NYT, Nov. 11, 1965, p. 46.

“macabre act of protest”:
Newsweek,
Nov. 15, 1965.

“to avert our eyes”:
Christian Century,
Nov. 17, 1965, p. 1404.

“raspingly discordant”: Mrs. R. W. Barney in
Christian Century,
Jan. 12, 1966, p. 84.

poet laureate To Huu: NYT, Dec. 11, 2002, p. 30; Appy,
Patriots,
p. 155.

“Emily, my child, it's almost dark”: “Emily, My Child,” by To Huu, Nov. 1965, translation from Vietnamese courtesy of Lady Borton.