Cheating Justice (39 page)

waterboarding: Bush's approval of, ix, 70, 77, 86, 103, 105, 107, 109, 141, 144; Cheney on, 70, 86; CIA use of, 105; and combined techniques of torture, 84–87; description of, 85–86; effectiveness of, for getting information, 111–12, 114; examples of, 70, 126; frequency of, for each prisoner, 72, 85, 86, 105; history of, 72, 83; and Military Commissions Act (2006), 99; physical injuries from, 115; risk of death from, 115; as torture, 72, 83, 105, 109, 114.
See also
torture

Watergate: argument against investigation of, xv; Church Committee's investigation of, 41, 138–39; and CIA, 26; and conspiracy to defraud United States government, 6, 26–27, 36; and FBI, 26; and Haldeman, 6, 26, 126; and impeachment of Nixon, xii–xiii, 26, 41, 137; and Justice Department, 118–19; missing records on, 126; Nixon defense regarding, 61; and Nixon's claims of national security, 129; and Nixon's duty to uphold law, 108; and Nixon's resignation, xiii, 41, 138; Senate committee on, 138; and wiretapping by Nixon, xii, 39, 41, 48.
See also
Nixon, Richard

Watts v. Indiana
, 110

Waxman, Henry, 5

weapons of mass destruction (WMD): and attempted uranium purchases from Niger by Iraq, 17–19, 29; Bush administration's acknowledgment of false statements on, 13, 17, 18; Bush administration's falsehoods on, ix, 2, 7–8,
12–14, 29, 31; Bush's acknowledgments of absence of, in Iraq, 13, 118; and Iraq's procurement of aluminum tubes for non-nuclear uses, 16–17; National Intelligence Estimate on, 34; no evidence for, ix, 2, 7–8, 13, 14, 23, 24, 31, 118; as reason for Iraq War, ix, 2, 7–8, 10–14, 30, 31, 37; United Nations inspections of Iraq for, 13, 16, 29

What Happened: Inside the Bush White House and Washington's Culture of Deception
(McClellan), 11

White House Iraq Group (WHIG), 10–11

Whitewater, 119

WikiLeaks, 142, 146–47, 153, 154, 159, 163

Wilkerson, Lawrence, 103–4

Wilson, Joseph C., IV, 18, 29, 120

Wired
magazine, 45

wiretapping: authorization to go to war as overriding law on, 51–52; Bush's admission of illegal wiretapping, 40, 46, 51, 63; Bush's blocking of inquiry into secret warrantless surveillance, 46; Bush's briefing of congressional leaders on warrantless wiretapping, 53–54; civil lawsuits for illegal wiretapping, 64, 66, 132–34; defense of counsel as justification for warrantless wiretapping, 47, 54–58; defenses and justifications for FISA violations of Bush, 49–67; effectiveness of Bush's illegal wiretapping as justification, 58–60; extent by surveillance under Bush administration, 40; and FISA warrant procedures, 39–40; illegal wiretapping by Bush administration, xiv, 39–40, 44–49; legal defenses for secret warrantless surveillance, 47; lies by Bush on illegal wiretapping, 44; 9/11 attacks as justification for illegal wiretapping, 49–51; by Nixon, xii, 39, 41, 48; Nixon defense for Bush's illegal wiretapping, 61–62; and president's role as commander in chief, 60–61; reclaiming protections against unchecked surveillance, 122–25; statute of limitations on Bush's illegal wiretapping, 65–67; Yoo's opinion on, 47, 55–58, 60–61

WMD.
See
weapons of mass destruction

Wolfowitz, Paul, 8, 28, 147

Woodward, Bob, 10, 87

World War II, 91, 106, 134, 143.
See also
Nazis

Worthington, Andy, 89

Yoo, John: international investigation of, 146; missing e-mails by, 127–28; torture memos by, 76, 79–85, 87, 99, 103, 104, 106–8; on wiretapping, 47, 55–58, 60–61

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
, 57, 60

Yugoslavia (former), 143

Zagorin, Adam, 148

Zypries, Brigitte, 154

 

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© 2012 by Elizabeth Holtzman with Cynthia L. Cooper

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Holtzman, Elizabeth.
Cheating justice : how Bush and Cheney attacked the rule of law and plotted to avoid prosecution—and what we can do about it/Elizabeth Holtzman, Cynthia Cooper.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978–0-8070-0321-3 (hardback)

E-ISBN 978-0-8070-0322-0

1. Terrorism—Prevention—Law and legislation—United States. 2. Administrative responsibility—United States. 3. Misconduct in office—United States. 4. United States—Politics and government—2001–2009. 5. War on Terror, 2001–2009. I. Cooper, Cynthia. II. Title.

KF9430.H65 2012

973.931—dc23                  2011038208