Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (299 page)

Egyptian goddess, of Dendera and elsewhere. Cow goddess, or shown as a woman with cow's horns or a cow's face. Early forms in Old Kingdom times showed her as a woman with the horns of an antelope. Spoken of as ‘the Golden One’, she was worshipped at Memphis, Luxor, Cusae, and in Sinai. She was associated with the dead as Hathor of the West, and identified by the Greeks with Aphrodite. Her name means House of Horus and she was closely associated with
HORUS
as his wife and the mother of his son
HOR-SMA-TAWY
(sometimes called Ihy). The
Seven Hathors
were the goddesses, or fates, who decided the future of the newly born.

 
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A queen of Egypt who reigned as a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty between
c.
1479 bc and 1457 bc after the death of her husband.

 
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Hungarian Bronze Age culture, local successor to the Nagyrév Culture. Burial was mainly by cremation, and settlements, which were sometimes tells and often fortified, contain long rectangular houses of timber and daub construction.

 
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A large cave in northern Libya containing the longest and most complete sequence of deposits in North Africa. Excavated by Charles McBurney between 1951 and 1955 the lowest levels were never reached. The oldest material recovered was the local Amudian, a pre-
AURIGNACIAN
blade industry, stratigraphically sealed by Mousterian levels dated to about 60000 years ago. Above these were deposits of the Dabban industry dating to about 40000 years ago. This in turn was followed by eastern Oranian at 16000–14000 years ago and higher still Libyco-Capsian. Pottery, together with domestic sheep and/or goats, was present by around 5000 bc.
[Rep.: C. B. M. McBurney , 1967,
The Haua Fteah (Cyrenaica) and the Stone Age of the southeast Mediterranean
. Cambridge: CUP]

 
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A European continental term for the early medieval period up to about ad 1100.

 
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See
HOPEWELLIAN CULTURE
.

 
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