Congo (106 page)

50.
Saint Moulin 2007: 42.

51.
Gourou 1955: 33.

52.
Guebels 1952: 642.

53.
Interviews with Longin Ngwadi, Kikwit, September 19–20, 2008.

54.
Comhaire-Sylvain 1968: 54–56.

55.
Interview with Sister Apolline Lemole Daringi, Kinshasa, September 29, 2008.

56.
Interview with Victorine Ndjoli, Kinshasa, November 7, 2008.

57.
Interview with François Ngombe, Kinshasa, November 9, 2009.

58.
Comhaire-Sylvain 1968: 23.

59.
Gondola 1997a.

60.
Pauwels-Boon 1979: 137.

61.
Jewsiewicki 1976: 69.

62.
Guebels 1952: 664.

63.
Martens 1999: 141.

64.
Young 1968: 24–25.

65.
Pons 1969: 147–50.

66.
Young 1968: 150–53.

67.
Pons 1969: 214.

68.
Interview with Kipulu Sambo and Hery Mambo, Kinshasa, September 17, 2008.

69.
Emongo Lomomba 1985: 139.

70.
Leysen 1982: 35 min.04 sec.

71.
Jewsiewicki 1976: 69.

72.
Cited by Rubbens 1945: 128–29.

73.
Mantels 2007: 206.

74.
Kadima-Nzuji 1984: 55.

75.
Interview with Camille Mananga Nkanu, Boma, October 9, 2008.

76.
Interview with Victor Masunda Kukana, Boma, October 8, 2008.

77.
Ndaywel è Nziem 1998: 462.

78.
Interviews with Jean Lema, alias Jamais Kolonga, Kinshasa, October 3 and 14 and November 6, 2008.

79.
Interview with Paul Kasenge, Lubumbashi, June 29, 2007.

80.
Interview with Zizi Kabongo, Kinshasa, April 21, 2008.

81.
Tshitungu Kongolo 2003b: 62.

CHAPTER 6

1.
Interview with Michel Lechat, Brussels, September 19, 2007.

2.
De Backer 1959: 1:7.

3.
Van Bilsen 1958: 164–202.

4.
Labrique 1957: 253, 256.

5.
Labrique 1957: 261.

6.
Labrique 1957: 254.

7.
Young 1968: 114–17.

8.
Labrique 1957: 271.

9.
Labrique 1957: 107–10.

10.
Queuillle 1965: 315.

11.
Klein 1957: 84; Pétillon 1985: 448.

12.
Interview with Jean Cordy, Louvain-la-Neuve, September 5, 2009.

13.
Verhaegen 1971: 419–21; Bouvier 1965: 39–56.

14.
Ghilain 1963: 90–91.

15.
Archer 1971: 67.

16.
Wolter et al. 1957: 55–58.

17.
Sinatu Bolya 2003.

18.
Interview with Victorine Ndjoli, Kinshasa, November 7, 2008.

19.
Michel 1962: 72.

20.
Verhaegen 1971: 419.

21.
Gondola 1999.

22.
Laude 1956: 29.

23.
Sohier 1959: 236.

24.
Etambala 1999b: 50.

25.
Ganshof van der Meersch 1958: 40–54.

26.
CRISP 1962: 136.

27.
Interviews with Jean Lema, alias Jamais Kolonga, Kinshasa, October 3 and 14 and November 6, 2008.

28.
Monstelle 1962: 119.

29.
Interviews with Longin Ngwadi, Kikwit, September 19–20, 2008.

30.
Pétillon 1985: 446.

31.
Pétillon 1985: 517.

32.
De Backer 1959: 1:32.

33.
Etambala 2008: 79–80.

34.
Scott 1969: 21–22.

35.
Etambala 2008: 82, 84.

36.
De Vos 1961: 52.

37.
De Backer 1959: 1:32.

38.
Interview with Albert Tukeke Talulue, Kisangani, November 18, 2008.

39.
Interview with Jean Mayani, Kisangani, November 19, 2008.

40.
Interview with Raphaël Maindo, Kisangani, November 17, 2008.

41.
Van Bilsen 1993: 124.

42.
Interview with Jean Cordy, Louvain-la-Neuve, September 5, 2009.

43.
Monheim 1961: 22–24.

44.
Janssens 1961: 60.

45.
Lumenganeso 2005: 108–109.

46.
Janssens 1961: 59–61.

47.
Interview with Jean Cordy, Louvain-la-Neuve, September 5, 2009.

48.
Interview with Jean Cordy, Louvain-la-Neuve, September 5, 2009.

49.
Interview with Jean Cordy, Louvain-la-Neuve, September 5, 2009.

50.
CRISP 1960: 10.

51.
Demunter 1975: 266.

52.
Interview with Jean Cordy, Louvain-la-Neuve, September 5, 2009.

53.
Young 1968: 159–60.

54.
Caprasse 1959: 137–41.

55.
CRISP 1960: 51–53.

56.
De Backer 1959: 3:64.

57.
Interview with Jean Mayani, Kisangani, November 19, 2008.

58.
De Backer 1959: 2:20.

59.
De Backer 1959: 3:158.

60.
De Backer 1959: 2:83.

61.
Interview with Jean Mayani, Kisangani, November 19, 2008.

62.
Interview with Jean Mayani, Kisangani, November 19, 2008.

63.
Ndaywel è Nziem 1998: 546.

64.
Schöller 1982: 114.

65.
Interview with Charly Henault, Méhaigne, August 28, 2008.

66.
Ganshof van der Meersch 1960: 25; Scott 1969: 25.

67.
Fierlafyn 1990: 200.

68.
Demunter 1975: 276–77.

69.
Archer 1971: 84.

70.
Interview with Mario Cardoso, Kinshasa, October 1, 2008.

71.
Buelens 2007: 327.

72.
Merlier 1962: 292.

73.
Eyskens 1994: 567.

74.
Remilleux 1989: 46.

75.
Joye and Lewin 1961: 290–95.

76.
Young 1984: 712–13.

77.
Weiss 1965: 2.

78.
Inforcongo 1958; Verhaegen 1971: 421.

79.
Kanza 1959: 39.

CHAPTER 7

1.
Interviews with Jean Lema, alias Jamais Kolonga, Kinshasa, October 3 and 14 and November 6, 2008.

2.
Interview with Victorine Ndjoli, Kinshasa, November 7, 2008.

3.
Archer 1971: 11.

4.
Etambala 1999b: 147.

5.
Etambala 2008: 432–33.

6.
CRISP 1961: 318–20.

7.
Verlinden 2008: 140.

8.
Interview with Jean Cordy, Louvain-la-Neuve, September 18, 2009.

9.
De Vos 1961: 193–94.

10.
CRISP1961: 323.

11.
Interview with Victor Masunda Kukana, Boma, October 8, 2008.

12.
Interview with Camille Mananga Nkanu, Boma, October 9, 2008.

13.
Interview with Mario Cardoso, Kinshasa, October 1, 2008.

14.
Schöller 1982: 178–83.

15.
Ganshof van der Meersch 1958: 284.

16.
Paulus 1962: 224.

CHAPTER 8

1.
Janssens 1961: 12.

2.
CRISP 1961: 353–54.

3.
De Vos 1961: 202.

4.
CRISP 1961: 381, 388; Geerts 1970: 79.

5.
Verlinden 2002: 154.

6.
CRISP 1961: 375.

7.
Janssens 1961: 216.

8.
Jorissen 2005: 115.

9.
Verlinden 2002: 148–51.

10.
De Craemer and Fox 1968: 3.

11.
Interview with Jacques Courtejoie, Nsioni, October 5, 2008.

12.
Souchard 1983: 254.

13.
Kanza 1959: 40.

14.
Souchard 1983: 248–49.

15.
Geerts 1970: 11.

16.
Interview with Bonyololo Lokombe, alias Papa Rovinscky, Kisangani, November 7, 2008.

17.
Vesse 1961: 16.

18.
Van den Bosch 1986: 57.

19.
De Vos et al. 2004: 41.