Cross and Scepter (47 page)

penance,
80

Perth,
44

Philip IV, King of France,
113

Philoctetes,
12

Pietro Querini,
132

piety,
193
–
95
,
202
,
213

Poland,
7
,
35
,
69
,
77
,
239
,
267
,
268
,
285

Politics
(by Aristotle),
219

Pomerania,
7
,
49
,
245
,
256
,
261
,
263
,
265
,
271
,
272
,
274
,
278

pope,
5
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
81
,
83
,
160
,
198
,
199
,
200
,
277
,
284

Poppo, German missionary,
60
,
62
,
63
,
67

population, size of,
10
,
14
,
24
,
25
,
40
,
45
,
104
,
107
,
113
,
117
,
122
–
25
,
127
,
132
,
133
,
136
,
140
,
146
,
147
,
177
,
189
,
228
,
232
–
34
,
236
,
277
,
287

Premonstratensians,
73

Priam, King of Troy,
12

primogeniture,
56
.
See also
succession to the throne

princesses,
21
,
238
–
40

privileges,
41
,
48
,
81
,
111
,
120
,
157
,
158
,
160
,
250
,
256
,
259
,
260
,
283

Protestantism,
8
,
71
,
187
,
189
,
202
,
203
,
275
,
284
,
285

provosts,
72
,
91

Reformation,
3
,
8
,
82
,
139
,
177
,
203
,
268
,
275
,
283
–
86
,
288
,
292

regicide,
58
,
119
,
149
,
150
,
167
,
168

regimen politicum
,
219
,
248
,
249
,
256
,
260

regimen regale
,
219
–
21
,
248
,
249
,
254
,
255
,
256
,
260
,
262
,
263

relatives, see
kinship

religion,
6
,
34
,
45
,
60
,
64
,
66
,
68
,
121
,
143
,
186
,
189
,
190
,
193
,
194
,
196
,
198
,
201
–
03
,
206

rent of land,
134
,
233
,
234

revenge,
17
,
20
,
31
,
40
,
90
,
93
,
94
,
97
,
100
,
105
,
181
,
194
,
227

Reynolds, Susan,
5

Riga,
160

Rigsthula
,
15
,
120

Riksdag.
See
diet

Rimbert, missionary and Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen,
25
,
62

Robert, Brother,
223

Romans,
12
,
14
,
177
,
187
,
205
,
206

Rome,
69
,
79
,
179
,
198
,
200
,
204
,
211

Rosenkrantz, Danish noble family,
279

Roskilde,
130
,
139
,
181

Røst,
132

royal office, see
monarchy

royal official,
20
,
117
,
118
,
141
,
143

Rügen,
28
,
39
,
40

Rus,
22
,
23

Russia,
23
,
36
,
69
,
126

Russians,
46
,
47
,
171
,
265

sacrifice,
14
,
18
,
70
,
195

sagas, Icelandic,
88
,
94
,
97
,
100

Sami,
9
,
46
,
48
,
132
,
214

Saul,
58
,
78
,
79

Saxo Grammaticus,
39
,
40
,
63
,
64
,
67
,
85
,
110
,
112
,
116
,
170
,
204
–
06
,
208
,
209
,
211
–
13
,
217
,
231

Saxony,
35
,
41
,
69
,
236
,
237

Scania,
29
,
127
,
130
,
135
,
138
,
139
,
244
,
264
,
270
,
284
,
291

Schleswig
34
,
49
,
54
,
259
,
263
,
264
,
284
.
See also
Southern Jutland

Scotland,
44
,
46
,
48
,
77
,
112
,
113
,
155
,
214
,
238
,
240
,
264
,
267
,
268

sea power,
29
,
33
,
37
,
38
,
112
,
287

seafaring technology,
25

Seville,
22
,
184

Shakespeare, William,
229
,
279

Shetland,
24
,
44
,
264

Sigtuna,
67

Sigurd, Norwegian chieftain,
17

Sigurd Magnusson, King of Norway (1103–30),
74
,
230

Skanør,
135

Skara,
72
,
161

slaves,
17
,
19
,
20
,
22
,
23
,
87
,
120
,
155

Snorri Sturluson,
17
,
19
,
66
,
71
,
172
,
185
–
87
,
204
–
06
,
208
–
10
,
212
,
213
,
217
,
230

social stratification,
12
,
15
,
120
,
122
,
231

Southern, R.W.
3

Southern Jutland (see also
Schleswig
),
42
,
50
,
51
,
114
,
146
,
162
,
163

state,
2
–
4
,
8
,
157
,
171
,
235
,
268
,
280
,
290
,
291
; medieval,
5
,
82
,
83
,
140
; modern,
4
,
8
,
280
; system,
8
,
292
; term,
2
,
3
,
129

state formation,
3
–
6
,
8
,
56
,
70
,
119
,
130
,
140
,
149
,
269
,
273
,
277
,
289

status rei publicae
,
2

Stavanger,
17
,
130

Steinnes, Asgaut,
124
,
128

Sten Sture the Elder, Protector of the Realm in Sweden (d. 1503),
258
,
261
,
262
,
266
,
279
,
280

Sten Svantesson Sture the Younger, Protector of the Realm in Sweden (d. 1520),
258
,
259
,
266

Stephen V, King of Hungary,
239

steward,
140

stockfish,
127
,
134

Stockholm,
10
,
136
,
137
,
139
,
246
,
258
,
259
,
282
,
288

Strayer, Joseph,
3

Strengleikar
,
223
,
226
,
228

Sture Chronicle,
262

Sture regime, Sweden,
129
,
267
,
277
,
279
,
280
,
283

Sturla Tordsson,
155

succession to the throne,
5
,
39
,
42
,
52
,
53
,
162
,
164
,
219
,
256
,
273
,
274
,
276
,
291
; hereditary,
52
,
53
,
55
,
122
,
219
; individual
54
–
57
; rules of,
54
–
57
,
81
,
150
,
154
,
155
,
167
,
213
,
239
,
240
,

Svante Nilsson Sture, Protector of the Realm in Sweden (d. 1512),
258

Svealand,
55

Svein HÃ¥konsson, Norwegian earl,
31

Sven Aggesen,
204

Sven Estridsen, King of Denmark (1047–74),
32
,
39
,
52
,
53
,
67
,
178

Sven Forkbeard, King of Denmark (d. 1013),
23
,
24
,
31
–
33
,
68

Sven Grathe, King of Denmark (d. 1157),
110

Sverker dynasty,
55

Sverre, King of Norway (1177–1202),
28
,
43
,
54
,
55
,
59
,
81
,
82
,
84
,
109
,
112
,
133
,
219
,
230
,
281

Sverris Saga
,
109
,
210

Svolder, Battle of,
28
,
29
,
31
,
33
,
38
,
55

sysselmann
,
95
,
97
,
117
,
221

taxation,
40
,
41
,
48
,
84
,
109
,
110
,
117
,
124
,
125
,
130
,
131
,
157
,
159
–
62
,
255
,
264

tenants,
19
,
92
,
146
,
158
,
161
,
235

The King's Mirror
,
57
,
78
,
102
,
103
,
121
,
133
,
134
,
143
,
144
,
150
,
152
–
54
,
169
,
183
,
185
,
213
,
220
,
223
,
225
,
226
,
229
,
230

Theodoricus Monachus,
169
,
206

thing
,
87
.
See also
assembly

Thomas Aquinas,
219

Thorgeir Thorkellsson,
63

Thorkel,
63

Tilly, Charles,
4
,
269
,
290

tithe,
45
,
74
,
79
,
131

toll,
278

Tønsberg,
118

Tord Kakali, Icelandic chieftain,
156

Tore, Archbishop of Nidaros,
207

Tore, Bishop of Hamar,
207

Tore Hund, Norwegian chieftain,
17
–
20

tournaments,
154
,
230
,
231

towns,
22
,
41
,
67
,
118
,
126
,
130
,
133
–
39
,
143
,
284

Trelleborg,
107

trelleborgs,
107
,
117

Tristan et Iseu
,
223

Troms,
131

Troy,
12

Turks,
268
,
282

Tyra, Queen of Denmark,
60