Descent Into Chaos (83 page)
Read Descent Into Chaos Online
Authors: Ahmed Rashid
Olcott, Martha Brill.
Central Asia’s Second Chance.
Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005.
Central Asia’s Second Chance.
Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005.
Packer, George.
The Assassins’ Gate: America in Iraq.
New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.
The Assassins’ Gate: America in Iraq.
New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.
Pearl, Mariane, with Sarah Crichton.
A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband, Danny Pearl.
London: Virago Press, 2003.
A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband, Danny Pearl.
London: Virago Press, 2003.
Pressfield, Steven.
The Afghan Campaign: A Novel.
New York: Doubleday, 2006.
The Afghan Campaign: A Novel.
New York: Doubleday, 2006.
Prestowitz, Clyde.
Rogue Nation: American Unilateralism and the Failure of Good Intentions.
New York: Basic Books, 2003.
Rogue Nation: American Unilateralism and the Failure of Good Intentions.
New York: Basic Books, 2003.
Priest, Dana.
The Mission: Waging War and Keeping Peace with America’s Military.
New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.
The Mission: Waging War and Keeping Peace with America’s Military.
New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.
Rana, Muhammad Amir.
A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan.
Lahore: Mashal Books, 2004.
A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan.
Lahore: Mashal Books, 2004.
Rand, Robert.
Tamerlane’s Children: Dispatches from Contemporary Uzbekistan.
Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.
Tamerlane’s Children: Dispatches from Contemporary Uzbekistan.
Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.
Randal, Jonathan.
Osama: The Making of a Terrorist.
New York: Knopf, 2004.
Osama: The Making of a Terrorist.
New York: Knopf, 2004.
Rashid, Ahmed.
Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia.
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2002.
Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia.
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2002.
———.
The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism?
London: Zed Books, 1994.
The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism?
London: Zed Books, 1994.
———.
Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia.
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2000.
Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia.
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2000.
Ratner, Michael, and Ellen Ray.
Guantánamo: What the World Should Know.
Moreton, Eng.: Arris Books, 2004.
Guantánamo: What the World Should Know.
Moreton, Eng.: Arris Books, 2004.
Rehman, Shahid ur.
Pakistan: Sovereignty Lost.
Islamabad: Mr. Books, 2006.
Pakistan: Sovereignty Lost.
Islamabad: Mr. Books, 2006.
Ricks, Thomas E.
Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq.
New York: Penguin Press, 2006.
Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq.
New York: Penguin Press, 2006.
Risen, James.
State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration.
New York: Free Press, 2006.
State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration.
New York: Free Press, 2006.
Robinson, Linda.
Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces.
New York: Public Affairs, 2004.
Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces.
New York: Public Affairs, 2004.
Rose, David.
Guantánamo: America’s War on Human Rights.
London: The New Press, 2004.
Guantánamo: America’s War on Human Rights.
London: The New Press, 2004.
Rubin, Barnett R.
Afghanistan’s Uncertain Transition from Turmoil to Normalcy.
New York: Council on Foreign Relations, March 2006.
Afghanistan’s Uncertain Transition from Turmoil to Normalcy.
New York: Council on Foreign Relations, March 2006.
Saikal, Amin.
Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival.
London: I. B. Tauris, 2004.
Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival.
London: I. B. Tauris, 2004.
Sattar, Abdul.
Pakistan’s Foreign Policy, 1947-2005: A Concise History.
Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Pakistan’s Foreign Policy, 1947-2005: A Concise History.
Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Scheuer, Michael.
Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror.
Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s Inc., 2004.
Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror.
Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s Inc., 2004.
Schroen, Gary C.
First In: An Insider’s Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan.
New York: Ballantine Books, 2005.
First In: An Insider’s Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan.
New York: Ballantine Books, 2005.
Shah, Zulfiqar.
Sectarian Violence in Karachi (1994-2002).
Lahore, Pakistan: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 2004.
Sectarian Violence in Karachi (1994-2002).
Lahore, Pakistan: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 2004.
Siddiqa, Ayesha.
Military, Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy.
London: Pluto Press, 2007.
Military, Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy.
London: Pluto Press, 2007.
Simons, Thomas W., Jr.
Islam in a Globalizing World.
Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2003.
Islam in a Globalizing World.
Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2003.
Simpson, William.
The Prince: The Secret Story of the World’s Most Intriguing Royal, Prince Bandar bin Sultan.
New York: Regan Books, 2006.
The Prince: The Secret Story of the World’s Most Intriguing Royal, Prince Bandar bin Sultan.
New York: Regan Books, 2006.
Singh, Jaswant.
A Call to Honour: In Service of Emergent India.
New Delhi: Rupa and Co., 2006.
A Call to Honour: In Service of Emergent India.
New Delhi: Rupa and Co., 2006.
Smith, Gen. Sir Rupert.
The Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World.
London: Allen Lane, 2005.
The Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World.
London: Allen Lane, 2005.
Suskind, Ron.
The One Percent Doctrine: Deep Inside America’s Pursuit of Its Enemies Since 9 /11.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
The One Percent Doctrine: Deep Inside America’s Pursuit of Its Enemies Since 9 /11.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
Tenet, George.
At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA.
London: HarperPress, 2007.
At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA.
London: HarperPress, 2007.
Thompson, Paul.
The Terror Timeline: Year by Year, Day by Day, Minute by Minute.
New York: Regan Books, 2004.
The Terror Timeline: Year by Year, Day by Day, Minute by Minute.
New York: Regan Books, 2004.
Traub, James.
The Best Intentions: Kofi Annan and the UN in the Era of American World Power.
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2006.
The Best Intentions: Kofi Annan and the UN in the Era of American World Power.
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2006.
Unger, Craig.
House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties.
London: Gibson Square Books, 2004.
House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties.
London: Gibson Square Books, 2004.
Warde, Ibrahim.
The Price of Fear: The Truth Behind the Financial War on Terror.
London: I. B. Tauris, 2007.
The Price of Fear: The Truth Behind the Financial War on Terror.
London: I. B. Tauris, 2007.
Whitlock, Monica.
Land Beyond the River: The Untold Story of Central Asia.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2002.
Land Beyond the River: The Untold Story of Central Asia.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2002.
Williams, Paul L.
Osama’s Revenge: The Next 9/11.
New Delhi: Viva Books, 2005.
Osama’s Revenge: The Next 9/11.
New Delhi: Viva Books, 2005.
Woodward, Bob.
Bush at War.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
Bush at War.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
———.
Plan of Attack.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
Plan of Attack.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
———.
State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
Wright, Lawrence.
The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9 /11.
New York: Knopf, 2006.
The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9 /11.
New York: Knopf, 2006.
Zahab, Mariam Abou, and Olivier Roy.
Islamist Networks: The Afghan-Pakistan Connection.
London: Hurst and Co., 2004.
ReportsIslamist Networks: The Afghan-Pakistan Connection.
London: Hurst and Co., 2004.
The 9 /11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States.
New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.
New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.
Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Strategic Communication. Department of Defense. Washington, D.C., September 2004.
Reports from the International Crisis Group, the United Nations, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, the United States Institute of Peace, the Brookings Institution, the Council on Foreign Relations.
Securing Tyrants or Fostering Reform? U.S. Internal Security Assistance to Repressive and Transitioning Regimes. RAND Corporation. Washington, D.C., 2006.
MediaPakistani newspapers:
Daily Times, Dawn, The Nation, The News, The Post
Daily Times, Dawn, The Nation, The News, The Post
Pakistani magazines:
Friday Times, Herald, Newsline
Friday Times, Herald, Newsline
International publications:
The Daily Telegraph, Der Spiegel
(English edition),
Financial Times, The Guardian, International Herald Tribune, Le Monde, Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, The Times
(London),
The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post.
The Daily Telegraph, Der Spiegel
(English edition),
Financial Times, The Guardian, International Herald Tribune, Le Monde, Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, The Times
(London),
The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post.
Press agencies: Agence France-Presse, Associated Press, Reuters.
Radio and television: BBC, Radio Free Liberty, Voice of America.
Map SourcesMaps are by Jeffrey L. Ward, drawing on the following sources:
“Countries and Cities of Central Asia” (pp. xvi-xvii), after John Manley et al., report of the Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan, Canada: Minister of Public Works and Government Services, 2008, p. 44; Ann Peters, ed.,
Peters Atlas of the World,
New York: Harper & Row, 1990.
Peters Atlas of the World,
New York: Harper & Row, 1990.
“Ethnic Distribution Within Pakistan and Afghanistan” (p. xviii), after Anthony H. Cordesman, “The Afghan-Pakistan War: A Status Report,” Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2007; “An Ethnic Patchwork,”
The Washington Post,
2008, based on CIA,
www.achrweb.org
; Manley, report of the Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan, p. 41.
The Washington Post,
2008, based on CIA,
www.achrweb.org
; Manley, report of the Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan, p. 41.
“Afghan Provinces and Federally Administered Tribal Areas” (p. xix), after Kamran Bokhari, “The Jihadist Insurgency in Pakistan,” Stratfor Strategic Forecasting, 2008; Manley, report of the Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan, p. 42.
“NATO Deployment and Provincial Reconstruction Team Locations in Afghanistan, 2007” (p. xx) after International Institute for Strategic Studies, “Strategic Survey 2007: The Annual Review of World Affairs,” Routledge, p. xiv; Manley, report of the Independent Panel on Canada’s Future Role in Afghanistan, p. 43.
“Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan, 2007” (p. xxi), after International Institute for Strategic Studies, “Strategic Survey 2007: The Annual Review of World Affairs,” Routledge, p. xv.
“Military Offensives Launched by the Taliban in Pakistan and Afghanistan, 2007-2008” (p. xxii), after Seth E. Jones, “Pakistan’s Dangerous Game,”
Survival
49:1 (2007), p. 20; Ashley J. Tellis,
Pakistan and the War on Terror,
Carnegie Endowment, 2008, p. 8.
Survival
49:1 (2007), p. 20; Ashley J. Tellis,
Pakistan and the War on Terror,
Carnegie Endowment, 2008, p. 8.
INDEX
Abdali, Ahmad Shah
Abdullah, Abdullah
Abdul Rehman, king of Afghanistan
Abe, Shinzo
Abizaid, John
Abu Ghraib prison
“accelerated success,”
Afghan Assistance Coordination Authority (AACA)
Afghanistan-
agriculture of
army of-
banking system of
borders -
British relations with -
budget of
George W. Bush’s policies on -
business sector in
census of ()
civil war in
communist regime of
Constitutional Commission for
Constitutional Loya Jirga (CLJ) of-
constitution of ()
constitution of ()
constitution of ()
corruption in
crime rate in
currency of
customs revenue for
Defense Ministry of
democracy in
drought in
economy of
education in
electricity supplies of
European relations of
as “failed state,”
famine in
Finance Ministry of
foreign aid to -
foreign investment in
foreign trade of
geography of
Afghanistan (
cont.
)
cont.
)
government of -
gross domestic product (GNP) of
health care in
heroin production in
history of
human rights abuses in-
income levels in
India’s relations with
infrastructure of
intelligence services of
interim government of
Interior Ministry of
international involvement in
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in
Iranian relations of
Iraq compared with
irrigation in
Islamic fundamentalism in
as Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
jihadism in
justice system of
languages of
leadership of- ;
see also specific leaders
see also specific leaders
literacy rate in
living standards in
Loya Jirga (LJ) of
media coverage of
Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) of
militias disarmed in -
monarchy of
Mujahedin fighters in-
Musharraf’s policies on
nation building in
NATO deployment in
natural resources of
Northern Alliance (NA) in -
Pakistan’s relations with -
parliamentary elections of () -
parliament of
Pashtun tribes of
peacekeeping efforts in -
per capita income of
police force of
political factions in -
population of
poverty in
presidential elections of ()
prime minister of
private contractors in-
reconstruction of- - -
refugees from
road network of-
Russian relations of
security situation in-
Sharia (Islamic law) in
Soviet invasion of
Supreme Council of
Taliban government of,
see
Taliban
see
Taliban
taxation in
tribes of ;
see also specific tribes
see also specific tribes
UN postwar presence in -
U.S. embassy in
U.S. foreign aid to
U.S. postwar military forces in -
U.S. relations with -
vice president of
voter registration in-
warlords in - - ,
see also specific warlords
see also specific warlords
water supplies for
Wolesi Jirga (House of People) of
women in
see also specific provinces and towns
see also specific provinces and towns
Afghanistan Compact ()
Afghanistan Liaison Team (“Jawbreaker” team)
Afghan National Army (ANA)
Afghan National Police (ANP)
Afghan-UN Joint Election Management Board (JEMB)
Afghan war
air support in
al Qaeda forces in -
bombing campaigns in
Bonn Agreement on
British forces in
George W. Bush’s policies on
cavalry charges in
Central Asian participation in
Cheney’s role in
CIA operations in
civilian casualties in
Coalition forces in
European participation in
foreign aid in
foreign militants in
funding for
human rights record in
intelligence operations in
Iran’s participation in
Iraq war compared with
ISI’s role in-
in Kabul
in Kandahar
Hamid Karzai’s role in-
Kazakhstan’s participation in
in Kunduz-
Kyrgyzstan’s participation in
in Mazar-e-Sharif
media coverage of
military casualties in-
Musharraf’s role in
neoconservative support for
Northern Alliance (NA) in
as Operation Enduring Freedom
Pakistan’s participation in -
Pashtun tribes in
Powell’s role in
POWs in
Qala Jangi uprising in
Rumsfeld’s role in
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