Dinosaurs Without Bones (72 page)

Homo floresiensis
,
303

Homo sapiens
,
303

hypsilophodonts,
126
,
150–51
,
155

I

ichnology (study of trace fossils),
9
,
21
,
57
,
60
,
63
,
66
,
71
,
88
,
101
,
138
,
154
,
160

ichthyosaurs,
91–92
,
239
,
242

Indian elephants (
Elephas maximus
),
43–44

iridium (rare element),
54

ischial callosity,
39

J

Jurassic Park
(movie),
36
,
48
,
66
,
74
,
258
,
295
,
303

Jurassic Period,
41
,
239

flowering plants in,
232

Late (145-150
mya
),
232

Middle (165
mya
),
47

K

Kelenken guillermoi
,
301

Kuban, Glen (paleontologist),
49

L

land ecosystems,
350

Lark Quarry (dinosaur tracksite, Queensland, Australia),
56–57
,
60
,
62
,
66–70
,
73–83
,
270
,
277
,
337

Late Cretaceous Period (65
mya
),
18
,
23
,
54
,
118
,
219
.
See also
Cretaceous Period

Late Jurassic Period (145-150
mya
)

Allosaurus,
150
,
176
,
214
,
244

flowering plants, evolution of,
232

hypsilophodont dinosaurs, small,
130

Mamenchisaurus
,
51

Morrison Formation,
195
,
243

Nqwebasaurus
,
214

rocks,
114
,
242

sauropod
Brachiosaurus
,
241

sauropod Diplodocus hallorum,
218

sauropod tracksite,
46

Sinraptor
,
189

small dinosaurs,
41

theropod tracks and sauropod bones,
49–50

theropod trackway,
52

Late Triassic Period (230
mya
)

about,
22–23
,
25

Allosaurus
,
177

Coelophysis
,
177
,
240

dinosaur coprolite,
247
,
263

dinosaur tracks,
50

dinosaurs, arrival of true,
25

dinosaurs eggs,
92

Eodromeus
(“dawn runner”),
25

Eoraptor
,
263

gastroliths Bull Run Formation,
221
,
224

Herrerasaurus
,
263

Maiasaura coprolites,
263

Massospondylus
,
118
,
218–19

ornithopod tracks,
365

Prosauropods,
22

regurgitalite,
240

saurischians,
219

sauropods,
23
,
43
,
223

theropod, fossil,
365

theropod
Coelophysis bauri
,
234

theropod coprolites,
263

theropod tracks,
222

tyrannosaurid coprolites,
263

warm climate of,
351

Leaellynasaura
,
277
,
283
,
425

lesser rhea (
Rhea pennata
),
366

Limusaurus
,
51

Living Dinosaurs: The Evolutionary History of Modern Birds
(Hanson),
299

lungfish,
128–29
,
188

M

Maiasaura peeblesorum
,
95
,
100–101
,
107
,
109
,
117–18
,
142
,
250–58
,
263
,
316
,
345
,
347

Majungasaurus
(large theropod),
186–87
,
234

mallee fowl (
Leipoa ocellata
),
316
,
347

Mamenchisaurus
,
51

mammals

about,
12
,
28
,
48
,
55
,
85–86
,
95
,
129
,
132

burrowing,
142
,
144

Cretaceous,
62

egg-laying,
91

head-butting,
174

hoofed,
175

incisors of,
168

nipples and,
115

small,
3
,
8
,
128
,
164
,
169

mammoths,
44

marginocephalians,
18–19

marine ecosystems,
335

marine reptiles,
91
,
204–5
,
208
,
217

meat eaters,
180

meat-eating dinosaurs,
214

Megapnosaurus
,
214

Megapodius molistructor
,
302
,
347

Mesozoic Era (65–70
mya
)

arthropods,
259

birds,
57
,
299–300
,
306
,
361

bones of vertebrates/invertebrates,
168

bowers,
325

burrows,
320

cannibalism,
234

dinosaur behavior,
353

dinosaur eggs and,
95
,
332

dinosaur nests,
317

dinosaurs,
15
,
37
,
45
,
87
,
95
,
149
,
173
,
234
,
266
,
306
,
310
,
333
,
346

ecosystems,
45
,
85
,
193
,
266
,
350
,
359

flowering plants,
232
,
353
,
356

fossil burrows,
128

global warming,
351–52

grasses,
264

mammals,
140
,
236
,
362

marine reptiles,
204

monocotyledons and,
191

non-avian dinosaurs,
361
,
370

“nuclear winter,”
54

plants,
293

regurgitalites,
242

river deposits,
340

rocks,
17
,
99
,
162
,
195–96
,
212
,
221
,
269
,
271
,
299
,
348

sauropods,
258

snow,
344

theropods,
36
,
45
,
214
,
291
,
332
,
345

titanosaur nests,
316

trace fossils,
271
,
359

meteorite crater (near Yucatan peninsula, Mexico),
54
,
131

“meteorite winter,” end-Cretaceous,
132

Mexico,
43
,
54
,
270

Microraptor
,
52
,
88
,
235
,
310

Middle Cretaceous Period (70
mya
),
360
.
See also
Cretaceous Period

Middle Jurassic Period (170
mya
),
23
,
44
,
47
,
51
,
212
,
223

Middle Triassic Period (235
mya
),
25–26
,
68

mixing stones,
352

monocotyledons,
191
.
See also
flowering plants

Mononykus
(feathered theropod dinosaurs),
2
,
4

Montana, USA,
12
,
68
,
95–96
,
100–101
,
107
,
109
,
122
,
124
,
126
,
133–35
,
137–41
,
147–48
,
152
,
154–55
,
157
,
184
,
188
,
236
,
250
,
345
,
347

Mullerornis
(elephant bird),
301

Museum of the Rockies (Montana),
188

Muttaburrasaurus langdoni,
57
,
73

N

natural selection,
6
,
215
,
304
,
312
,
354

neoichnology,
140

nest structures,
12
,
109–10
,
118–19
,
345

New Mexico,
43
,
55
,
218
,
234

New Zealand,
210
,
302
,
304–6
,
309
,
318
,
345

nodosaurs,
18–19
,
251
,
351

non-avian dinosaurs,
54
,
98
.
See also
dinosaur(s)

avian dinosaurs and,
305

brain CT scans,
310

Cenozoic Era,
264

courtship traces of,
323

Cretaceous Period,
264
,
293

earliest birds evolved from,
362

Early Cretaceous Period,
236

end-Cretaceous Period,
98
,
131–32
,
260
,
264
,
293
,
304

extinction of,
299

Mesozoic Period,
361

petroleum deposits from,
334

sunbathing and,
328

theropods,
55

non-flowering seed plants (gymnosperms),
353
,
355–56
.
See also
flowering plants

North Pole,
14
,
53

North Slope of Alaska,
18
,
274
,
314

Nqwebasaurus
,
214

nuclear winter,
54

O

ocean ecosystems,
352

Olympic racewalkers,
31

ornithomimids (“ostrich mimics”),
13
,
216–17
,
251
,
305

ornithopods,
2

bipedal,
88

burrowing,
8
,
130

burrows/burrowing,
4
,
8
,
130
,
367
,
369

cladogram for dinosaurs and,
19

dinosaur toothmarks,
179

ecological role of,
305

eggs or egg clutches of,
92

gymnosperms and,
353

herbivorous dinosaurs,
351

herding of,
47

hypsilophodonts,
155

large,
8

nesting grounds,
345

polar environment adaptation,
150–51

quadrupedal,
88

sauropods and,
351

size of,
57

social lives of,
47

theropods and,
2
,
11
,
18–19
,
29
,
35–36
,
57
,
59
,
63–64
,
72
,
79
,
165
,
246
,
306

tracks and nests of,
306

tracks of,
20–21
,
47
,
70–72
,
88

urolites and coprolites,
246

Oryctodromeus cubicularis
(burrowing dinosaur),
11–12
,
98
,
145
,
148
,
152
,
154–55
,
158–59
,
269
,
316
,
319

ostriches (
Struthio camelus
),
36
,
209

ostrich-like theropods (
Struthiomimus
),
4
,
13

Oviraptor
,
93–94
,
96–97
,
106
,
325

P

Pachycephalosaurus
(“bone-headed dinosaurs”),
18
,
21
,
172–75
,
178
,
251

Paleogene Period (65
mya
),
54

paleontology,
9
,
56
,
61
,
64
,
67–68
,
79–80
,
123
,
129
,
134
,
160
,
243
,
254
,
264
,
311
,
352
,
369

Panoplosaurus
,
219

Papagomys armandvillei
(Flores giant rat),
303

plant communities,
8

in the Amazon River Basin,
293
,
356

on the Galapagos Islands,
363

in northern Queensland,
293

during the Pleistocene,
356

riparian,
358

river–floodplain,
357

plant eaters,
214–15
,
369

plesiosaurs,
204–5
,
211–12
,
239

Poekilopleuron
,
212
,
215