Discourse and Defiance Under Nazi Occupation: Guernsey, Channel Islands, 1940-1945 (68 page)

43
. Partway through this project, I came upon a master's thesis in the archives by Alice Evans, “The Language of Occupation,” written for the University of Warwick in 2002. Evans, too, sees the problem with public memory as it has recently been framed in a “binary opposition of accusation and defence.” Evans uses the diary of her great-grandmother, Violet Carey, to examine “discourses of rumour, humour, and honour” that provided a means of self-understanding and coping during the Occupation; Alice Evans, “The Language of Occupation” (Master's thesis, University of Warwick, 2002), 8–12. Evans has since published her great-grandmother's diary,
Guernsey under Occupation: The Second World War Diaries of Violet Carey
, ed. Alice Evans (Gloucestershire: Phillimore and Co., 2009).

44
. James C. Scott,
Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), xiii.

45
. Scott,
Domination
, xiii.

46
. Scott,
Domination
, xiii.

47
. Scott,
Domination
, 19–20.

48
. Scott,
Domination
, 27.

49
. Scott,
Domination
, 137.

50
. Scott,
Domination
, 18.

51
. Scott,
Domination
, 2.

52
. Jennifer Sinor,
The Extraordinary Work of Ordinary Writing: Annie Ray's Diary
(Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2002), 5.

53
. Judy Nolte Temple, “Fragments as Diary: Theoretical Implications of the Dreams and Visions of ‘Baby Doe’ Tabor,” in
Inscribing the Daily: Critical Essays on Women's Diaries
, ed. Suzanne L. Bunkers and Cynthia Huff (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1996), 78.

54
. The complete diary is in the Priaulx Library in Guernsey. A rather poor photocopy of it is available in the archives of the Imperial War Museum, London.

55
. Diary of Ambrose Collas Robin, 17 June 1940 to 18 May 1945, Priaulx Library, Guernsey, Control no. M0005622GY.

56
. Diary of Herbert Williams, States of Guernsey Island Archives Service, AQ 380/03-2.

57
. Diary of William Arthur Warry, University of Virginia, Special Collections, Microfilm 1688 MSS8138.

58
. Who can resist the little doggerel from the time of these champions of women's education: “Miss Buss and Miss Beale, Cupid's darts do not feel, How different from us, Miss Beale and Miss Buss.”

59
. Dorothy Pickard Higgs,
Life in Guernsey under the Nazis, 1940–45
(Guernsey: Toucan Press, 2000).

60
. K. M. Bachmann,
The Prey of an Eagle
(Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1972).

61
. Diary of Gertie Corbin, States of Guernsey Island Archives, Z009/19 AQ92/12.

62
. Alex Aronson,
Studies in Twentieth-Century Diaries: The Concealed Self, Studies in Comparative Literature
(Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1991), vol. 12: 1.

63
. Aronson,
Studies in Twentieth Century Diaries
, vol. 2: vii, 110.

64
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 120 (May 10, 1942).

65
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 44 (November 7, 1940).

66
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 37 (October 24, 1940).

67
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 52 (January 28, 1941).

68
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 54 (February 5, 1941).

69
. Doig, February 22, 1944.

70
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 185 (June 19, 1944).

71
. Dorothy Sheridan, ed.
Wartime Women
(London: Heinemann, 1990), 2.

72
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 18 (January 28, 1941).

73
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 54 (February 15, 1945).

74
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 1 (June 16–25, 1940).

75
. Ord, 464 (March 14, 1943).

76
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 120 (May 10, 1942).

77
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 169 (January 27, 1944).

78
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 41 (April 11, 1944).

79
. Willmot, “The Channel Islands,” 71.

CHAPTER ONE. THE PANOPTICAL OCCUPATION

1
. Diary of the Rev. Douglas Ord, vol. 1–7, 16 June 1940–12 May 1945, M0007066GY-M0007073GY, Priaulx Library, Guernsey [hereafter Ord], June 16, 1940.

2
. Dorothy Pickard Higgs,
Life in Guernsey under the Nazis, 1940–45
(Guernsey: Toucan Press, 2000), 9 (July 2, 1940).

3
. Winifred Harvey,
The Battle of Newlands: The Wartime Diaries of Winifred Harvey
, ed. Rosemary Booth (Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1995), 1 (June 18, 1940). The governor was Major-General A. P. D. Telfer-Smollett, who had only been in the post briefly (10 n. 7).

4
. Roy McLoughlin,
Living with the Enemy: What Really Happened
(Jersey: Channel Island Publishing, 2003), 17.

5
. McLoughlin,
Living with the Enemy
, 17.

6
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 12 n. 24.

7
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 6 (June 25, 1940).

8
. K. M. Bachmann,
The Prey of an Eagle
(Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1972), 26 (August 10, 1940).

9
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 26–27 (August 10, 1940).

10
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 25 (August 10, 1940).

11
. Diary of Arthur Mauger, AQ374/13 to 25, ledger book 21, States of Guernsey Island Archive [hereafter Mauger], 22 June 1940.

12
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 2 (June 17, 1940).

13
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 2–3 (June 17, 1940).

14
. Ord, 6 (June 20, 1940).

15
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 5 (June 22, 1940).

16
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 8 (June 27–28, 1940).

17
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 3 (June 19, 1940).

18
. Ord, 7 (June 16, 1940).

19
. Ord, 5 (June 16, 1940).

20
. Diary of Herbert Williams, States of Guernsey Island Archives Service, AQ 380/03 [hereafter Williams], June 22–30, 1940 (written in 1942).

21
. The diarists do not mention some of the intriguing stories in popular culture describing people leaving their homes to evacuate and then changing their minds. They returned home to find that thieves had stolen everything. Neighbors seem often to have been told to take food stuffs and whatever was small and of value to protect it from German hands. There is no indication that it was the neighbors who pillaged the houses of aborted evacuees, although they were certainly ineffective guards.

22
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 15 (July 1, 1940).

23
. Jack C. Sauvary,
Diary of the German Occupation of Guernsey, 1940–1945
(Upton-upon-Severn: Self Pub. Association, 1990), 115 (December 27, 1941).

24
. Ord, 9 (June 22, 1940).

25
. Mauger, June 19–20, 1940.

26
. Ord, 8 (June 20, 1940).

27
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 8 (July 18, 1940).

28
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 25 (July 21, 1940, written later, presumably the 28th).

29
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 37 (November 9, 1940).

30
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 3–4 (July 13, 1940).

31
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 3–4 (June 20–21, 1940). Actually, Winnie later reports that Bessie had asked R. O. Falla of the Controlling Committee personally to check on her mother.

32
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 4 (June 21, 1940); Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 29 (August 10, 1940).

33
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 5 (June 23, 1940).

34
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 6 (June 35, 1940).

35
. Ord, 6 (June 20, 1940).

36
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 32 (September 29, 1940).

37
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 28–29 (August 10, 1940).

38
. Diary of Kenneth G. Lewis, vol. 1, Guernsey Island Archives, G06/10 W, 1–1-8–10, AS/LC 16–01 [hereafter Lewis], June 30, 1940.

39
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 27 (June 30, 1940).

40
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 11 n. 12, and 14 (June 20–July 1, 1940).

41
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 3 (June 20, 1940).

42
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 14 (July 1, 1940).

43
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 9 (July 2, 1940).

44
. Lewis, June 30, 1940.

45
. Diary of Ambrose Collas Robin, 17 June 1940 to 18 May 1945, Priaulx Library, Guernsey, Control No. M0005622GY [hereafter Robin], July 1, 1940.

46
. Lewis, July 1–14, 1940; Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 14 (July 1, 1940).

47
. Lewis, July 1–14, 1940.

48
. William M. Bell,
Guernsey Green: The Life and Times of Guernseyman Bill Green
(Guernsey: William M. Bell, 1992), 97–98.

49
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 9 (July 2, 1940).

50
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 27 (July 1, 1940).

51
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 14 (July 1, 1940).

52
. Stephen V. Ash,
When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861–1865
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 29.