Early Dynastic Egypt (84 page)

Mesopotamia, Egyptian contacts with 32, 43, 150, 170, 224–5, 315

Metjen (official) 132, 133, 140, 141, 146–7, 254;

tomb inscription of 103, 105, 110, 124, 133, 144

Min (deity) 15, 95, 197, 199, 263, 290–1

mines and quarries 149,
168,
171–3 Minshat Abu Omar:

early
serekhs
from 53, 57, 69;

élite burial 225,
226
;

excavations at 21–2;

and the northward spread of Upper Egyptian ceramic styles 35–6; settlement 341;

and trade 46, 363, 364

Montet, J.P.M. 13 Morgan, J.J.M. de 6 Mostagedda 356, 357

Mt Hermon 154, 158

Naga ed-Deir 7–8, 354, 355

Naga el-Mashayikh 355

Nahal Tillah 24, 44, 69, 154 Naqada:

Cemetery T 37, 48, 52;

as cult centre of Seth 207, 294–5; excavations at 5;

inscribed objects from 69, 71, 203, 297, 301;

as Predynastic centre 37–8, 46, 47, 49, 52; and the red crown 192;

region 350–2;

royal tomb
see
Neith-hotep, tomb of; South Town 323, 324, 326, 327, 336–7;

and state formation 48, 50

Narmer, King 39, 44, 51, 67–70;

and administration 125, 138;

as the first king of the First Dynasty 3, 26, 61, 66; as the founder of Memphis 58;

and foreign relations 152, 154, 155, 159, 160, 162, 169;

objects inscribed with the name of 179, 285, 295, 334

(see also
Narmer macehead; Narmer palette;

year labels);

relationship to rulers of ‘Dynasty 0’ 56, 57;

tomb of 55, 69, 234

Narmer macehead 7, 68–9;

and aspects of royal iconography 190, 194, 197, 199; depiction of court officials on 136, 137;

depiction of shrine on 303, 317;

as evidence for royal rituals 208, 214, 217, 249

Narmer palette 7;

interpretation of 3, 49, 51, 68, 69, 155;

and aspects of royal iconography 190, 191, 194, 197, 199; depiction of the goddess Bat on 263, 282–3;

depiction of court officials on 136, 137 Nazlet Batran
see
Giza Mastaba V

Nebka, King 5, 95, 101–3, 105

Nebra, King 84, 202, 333;

and administration 116, 121, 123, 124, 292;

and religious cults 263, 282, 293;

rock-cut inscriptions of 169, 173;

tomb of 84, 240, 242

necropolis seals of Den and Qaa 19, 26, 62,
63,
66, 74, 78, 288

Negev 24, 154

Neith (deity) 148, 193, 221–2, 291–2, 306, 320

Neith-hotep, Queen 69, 70, 291, 292;

tomb of 6, 37, 70, 164, 224, 225, 231, 337

Nekhbet (deity) 292, 297;

connection with the t-festival 85, 301;

as goddess of Elkab 81, 308, 331, 333;

origins of 262, 264;

see also
Two Ladies’ title and names

Nekhen
see
Hierakonpolis nemes-head-dress 192, 196

Netjerikhet, King 60, 95–8, 330;

and administration 112, 116, 117, 119, 122, 127, 134, 136, 139, 142, 143;

expeditions to the Sinai 166, 300

(see also
Sinai); iconography of 192, 196

(see also
Step Pyramid complex, relief panels); names and titles of 201, 202, 205, 284;

in the order of succession 26, 94, 101, 102;

and royal ritual 210, 211;

seal-impressions of 250, 334;

and temple building 312, 316

(see also
Heliopolis, Third Dynasty shrine at);

see also
Step Pyramid complex Nimaathap, Queen 94, 95, 97

Ninetjer, King 85–7, 86;

and administration 121, 124, 127, 137, 142;

iconography of 189, 190;

names and titles of 202, 208;

and royal ritual 211, 212, 223;

in the order of succession 88, 89;

and religious cults 281, 282, 285, 292;

and religious festivals 300, 301;

tomb of 85, 240–2, 251–2;

see also
funerary enclosures at Saqqara nome system, origins of 118, 141–2

North Saqqara, élite tombs
10,
72, 76, 80, 229, 254, 360–1;

architecture of 78, 153, 225, 233–4, 242, 245;

boat burials 257;

debate about status of 259–60; excavation of 11–12, 15–16;

inscriptions from 71, 75, 85, 87, 92, 97;

S3357 70, 231;

S3505 148

nswt-bỉty
title and names 75, 87, 193, 200, 205–7 Nubia:

contacts with Egypt 39–40, 49, 175–82, 345;

Egyptian aggression towards 71, 92, 178, 223, 329;

see also
A-Group; Qustul;

trade Nubnefer, King 89

*Ny-Hor, King 54

O’Connor, D. 22

obsidian 163–4 officials:

administrative 114–16;

treasury 131–3;

see also
titles oils:

imports of 80, 159, 161;

processing of
see
secondary products Osiris (deity) 288, 292

palace-façade architecture 18, 73, 112, 224–9,
226,
228, 258 Palestine:

Egyptian colonisation of 24, 44, 51, 152–5, 180;

Egyptian aggression towards 71, 77, 155–7,
156
;
see also
administration of foreign conquests; trade, with the Near East

Palermo Stone
see
annals palettes 36, 170;

commemorative 31, 49, 62, 190, 197, 218, 297, 310, 314;

see also
Narmer palette papyrus 11

Pehernefer (official) 110, 122, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 140, 143

*Pe-Hor, King 54

pelican 266, 298–9

Peribsen, King 86, 89–90;

and administration 116, 121, 122, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132;

names and titles of 38, 82–3, 295;

relationship to other kings 88, 91;

seal-impressions of 189, 263, 282, 288, 293, 295;

tomb of 84, 85, 90, 142, 244–5;

see also
funerary enclosures Petrie, W.M.F. 5, 8–9, 259, 313–14

phyles 109, 134, 149

pottery production 33–6 priesthood
see
royal family;

titles, religious

Ptah (deity) 263, 281, 292–3 pyramids
see
Dahshur;

Huni; Khaba; Maidum; Seila; Sekhemkhet;

Step Pyramid complex; Zawiyet el-Aryan

Pyramid Texts:

references to celestial afterlife 257, 258, 266;

references to deities, general 264, 286, 288, 295, 301;

references to deities, specific Utterances 282, 283, 284, 289–90, 294, 297;

references to regalia, shrines and cult objects 193, 296, 298–9, 319; as a source for early theology 203;

as a source for interpreting the Step Pyramid complex 248

Qaa, King 80–1;

and administration 116, 121, 127, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 143, 148;

and foreign relations 157, 159;

names and titles of 202, 204;

relationship to other kings 82, 83;

and religion 273, 281, 292;

rock-cut inscriptions of 292, 333;

Sed-festival of 212–13;

tomb of 26, 80–1, 237–8, 257

(see also
human sacrifice);

year labels of 218, 222, 300, 301, 305;

see also
Deir Sitt Damiana Qahedjet, King 95, 103–5, 202

Qau 274, 280

Qena 56, 295

Qift 169, 170

Quibell, I.E. 6–7, 9

Qus 169, 170

Quseir 56, 170

Qustul 39–40, 48, 51, 54, 176–7, 179, 345;

incense burner 39, 49, 54, 194;

and trade 43, 46, 180

Ra (deity) 84, 273, 293

Rafiah 44

Raneb
see
Nebra red crown
193
;

association with Neith 221; as a deity 284;

as an item of royal regalia 102, 192–4, 211, 274, 275, 287;

origins of 48–9

regalia, royal 186–96;
see also
bull’s tail; double crown; flail;

heqa-sceptre;

khat-head-dress’, nemes-head-dress;

sandals; red crown; uraeus;

was
-sceptre; white crown Reisner, G.A. 7–8

royal cult 117, 274–9, 299;

statues 78, 274–
6
royal family:

in government 112, 114, 135–6, 138, 148, 185–6; in the priesthood 273

royal foundations 116–24, 134, 365;

see also
domains; estates

royal names
53
,
87
,
98
,
100
, 200–8

royal placenta 198–9, 266, 299 royal tomb: