Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China (74 page)

356 ‘
won the hatred
’
:
New York Times
, 27 October 1909;
Officer Cen
: Cen Chunxuan, Yun Yuding et al., pp. 12–13; Yun Yuding, vol. 1, pp. 351–2; Zheng Xiaoxu, vol. 2, p. 1100; Kong Xiangji 2001, pp. 219–26; Kong Xiangji 2008, pp. 195–7; Sang Bing, pp. 266–70; Yang Tianshi, p. 178; Hu Sijing, p. 24; Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 5, p. 5713;
Grand Councillor Lin
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 5, p. 5713; Kong Xiangji 2008, p. 197;
‘less poise’
: Roosevelt Longworth, p. 102;
Yuan ordered all new officials
: Sato, pp. 363–4

357
target for assassination
: Yang Tianshi, p. 173; Sun Ruiqin (tr.), vol. 3, p. 28; Sato, p. 48;
Zaifeng to Berlin
: Wang Yanwei (ed.), vol. 4, pp. 4233–45; Rockhill, p. 53;
Prince Su relationship with Japan and Guangxu
: Liang Qichao 2008, p. 293; Pujia, Pujie et al., pp. 81, 88, 100, 304–15; Shanghai Cultural Relics Committee (ed.), p. 158; Jin Liang 1998, p. 24; Kamisaka, pp. 202–3, 214;
footnote 1
: Gao Shu, p. 158

358
court painter
: Kong Xiangji 1998, pp. 54–5;
Cixi confronted Su
: Jin Liang 1998, p. 24;
removed Su as Chief of Police
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 5, p. 5147;
‘sitting on a blanket of needles’
: Liang Qichao 2008, p. 293;
reappointed Su
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 5, p. 5681;
police force in hands of
: Zhang Kaiyuan, p. 328;
Su to Wang Zhao
: Wang Zhao, p. 108

359
Japanese steamer
: Liu Ruoyan; Wang Daocheng, in Lin Keguang et al., pp. 484–7; Palace Museum (ed.) 1932, vols 73–4, no. 5474;
‘The security’
: Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 183;
Cixi becoming ill
: Zhu Jinfu & Zhou Wenquan 1985, no. 1

360
experimental farm
: Ma Zhongwen 2006, no. 5; Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 190
from Manchurian Viceroy
: Palace Museum (ed.) 1932, vols 73–4, no. 5472ff.;
Japanese minister to Beijing
: Palace Museum (ed.) 1932, vols 73–4, nos 5506–7;
Fukushima to Hunan
: Palace Museum (ed.) 1932, vols 73–4, nos 5504–5;
Cixi told Yuan and Zhang
: Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 193;
opera for Guangxu birthday
: Ding Ruqin, pp. 273–6

Chapter 31 Deaths (1908)

361 ‘
distant wind
’
: Zhu Jinfu & Zhou Wenquan 1982, no. 3; Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 186;
‘The Emperor’
: Headland, pp. 165–8

362
Guangxu attempts to get away
: Gao Shu, p. 154;
Rongling and the watch
: Rongling, pp. 10–11, 21–2, 31, 41;
From summer 1908
: Zhu Jinfu & Zhou Wenquan 1985, no. 1; Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 197

363
in 1877
: First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds.), p. 8;
endorsed educational programme
: First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds.), p. 18;
‘As security for’
: Tibet Justice Center,
www.tibetjustice.org/materials/treaties/treaties10.html
;
‘Tibet has belonged’
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 30, no. 609;
‘No concession over sovereignty’
: Zhu Shoupeng (ed.), vol. 5, pp. 5234–5; Zhang Xiaohui & Su Yuan, pp. 48–9

364
Cixi cables to Dalai Lama
: First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds.), p. 82ff.; cf. Hart,
Letters,
1868–1907
, vol. 2, p. 1432;
Dalai Lama asked to meet Cixi
: First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds.), p. 118ff.;
Yintang’s programme aborted
: Guo Weiping; Talo (Draklo);
problem about kneeling
: First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds)., pp. 156–60

365 ‘
sincerely loyal
’
: First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds.), p. 169; Xu Baoheng, p. 214;
‘in order not to lose goodwill’
: Tsewang Dorje, p. 66; Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, pp. 201, 214, 217;
She and the Dalai Lama agreed
: First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds.), p. 169;
Their first meeting
: Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, pp. 205–7; First Historical Archives of China & Centre for Tibetan Studies in China (eds), pp. 151–3;
birthday with the Dalai Lama
: Rongqing, pp. 140–1; Zhu Jinfu & Zhou Wenquan 1985, no. 1

366
Prince Ching to Mausoleums
: Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 217;
Guangxu poisoned
: Dai Yi; forensic examination findings in
Qingshi yanjiu (Studies in Qing History)
, 2008, no. 4;
Empress Longyu
: Xin Xiuming, p. 34; Yun Yuding, vol. 1, p. 405;
bed ‘unadorned’
: Du Zhongjun, p. 435;
Grand Councillors
: Lu Chuanlin, 1994, no. 3; Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, pp. 217–18;
Zaifeng Regent and Puyi emperor
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 34, nos 922–3

367 ‘
all key policies
’
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 34, no. 935;
‘What does Your Highness’
: Headland, pp. 175–6;
Guangxu’s official will
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 34, no. 936;
A night passed
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 34, nos 926–45; Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 218;
‘with my hand’
: Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 218;
Cixi’s will
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 34, no. 951;
‘I am critically ill’
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 34, no. 946

368
Longyu made ‘dowager empress’
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.), 1996, vol. 34, no. 938;
‘a sad, gentle face’
: Headland, p. 202;
‘At the audiences’
: Headland, pp. 202–3;
councillor ignored her
: Lu Chuanlin 1994, no. 3

369 ‘
magic earth
’
: Xin Xiuming, p. 97

370
Regent against abdication
: Pujia, Pujie et al., p. 83;
Zaifeng resigned
: Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, p. 381;
‘All I desire’
: Xu Baoheng, vol. 1, pp. 385–6;
Decree of Abdication
: First Historical Archives of China (ed.) 2001, p. 234

Epilogue

372
agreed conditions for the abdication
: Yu Bingkun et al., p. 287;
broke into Cixi’s tomb
: Yu Bingkun et al., pp. 288–91;
Puyi devastated
: Aisin-Gioro Puyi, pp. 230–1

373 ‘
Her people loved her
’
: Buck, Foreword;
‘more articulate’
: ibid.

Archives Consulted

Bodleian Library, Chinese Collection, Oxford, UK

Cambridge University Library, Department of Manuscripts and University Archives, UK

First Historical Archives of China, Beijing, China

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives, Washington DC, USA

French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Centre des archives diplomatiques de Nantes, France

Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Archives, Boston, USA

Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives, Rome, Italy

Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA

Museum of Fine Arts Archives, Jewell Collection, Boston, USA

National Archives, London, UK

National Palace Museum Archives, Taipei, Taiwan

Royal Archives, Windsor, UK

Royal Collection, Royal Library and Print Room, Windsor, UK

Wellcome Library, Iconographic Collections, London, UK

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