England's Mistress: The Infamous Life of Emma Hamilton (68 page)

^5.
Nelson to Horatia, October 19, 1805, BL Add. MS 44584, f 32.

^6.
Foster,
Dearest Bess,
pp. 127-28.

^7.
Emma to Davison, 1805, Sotheby's catalogue,
Nelson: The Sale of the Alexander Davison
Collection,
(London, 2002), p. 175.

^8.
Rev. A. J. Scott to Mrs. Cadogan, October 27, 1805, BL Egerton MS 3782, f 1.

^9.
Matcham,
The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe,
p. 238.

CHAPTER 49

^1.
Bell's Court and Fashionable Magazine,
February and March 1806.

^2.
For more on novels about Nelson and Emma, before and after his death, see my "Nelson and Women: Marketing, Representations and the Female Consumer," in
Admiral Lord Nelson, Context and Legacy,
ed. David Cannadine (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 67-89.

^3.
William Beany to Emma, spring 1806, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/1.

^4.
Earl Nelson to Captain J. Yule, c. 1806-7, Wellcome Library, MS 7262/3.

^5.
William Beatty to Emma, October 15, 1806, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/2.

^6.
The Diaries and Correspondence of the Rt. Hon. George Rose,
ed. Leveson Vernon Harcourt (London, 1860), 11:255.

^7.
See PRO TS 317-35.

^8.
"Lord Nelson's Seat at Merton,"
Lady's Magazine,
July 1806, p. 60.

^9.
Foster,
Dearest Bess,
p. 133.

^10.
In
Sense and Sensibility,
Austen's Dashwood leaves his substantial estate to his son, John, by his first marriage, and asks him to care for his second wife and their three daughters. After some debate, John decides his father meant him to help them move their furniture, and the women are left with nothing.

^11.
William Hayley to Emma, January 31, 1806, Beinecke Library, Osborn MS 16927.

^12.
Sarah Nelson to Emma, 1806, BL Add. MS 34992. When the coat was acquired for the nation nearly a hundred years later, the later Earl Nelson used this same letter to argue that the coat was his possession and should be attributed as his gift when on display. See Earl Nelson, "Deposition," 1898, PRO Adm/69/221.

CHAPTER 50

^1.
Emma to Sir William Scott, autumn 1814, NMM NWD/9595/34.

^2.
Sarah Nelson to Emma, c. 1806, transcripts in a private collection.

^3.
Susanna Bolton to Emma, December 1806, NMM NWD/954/10-11.

^4.
Emma, draft of last will, October 16, 1806, Houghton Library, MS Eng. 196.5, f 167.

^5.
Lady's Magazine,
June 1806.

^6.
Reminiscences of a servant at Bradenham Hall cited in William M. R. Haggard, letter (not sent) to
The Times,
March 16, 1801, Norfolk Record Office, HAG175 602.

^7.
Memoir of George Villiers Hyde, 5th Earl of Clarendon, in Jeremy Jepson Ripley "Recollections of the late Thomas Ripley by his Son" (manuscript, c. 1814), Beinecke Library, Osborn MS D29.

^8.
Emma to Sarah Nelson, August 27, 1807, NMM BRP/4.

^9.
William Beatty to Emma, February 2, 1808, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/4.

CHAPTER 51

^1.
Kitty Matcham to Emma, March 1808, NMM NWD/9594/7/A.

^2.
See Horatia to Sir Harris Nicolas, November 7, 1844, NMM NWD/9594/13-24.

^3.
See NMM NWD/9594/13-24.

^4.
William Beckford to Emma, 1806, Bodleian Library, Beckford MS, c. 30, f. 99. c. 16, ff. 52-55, 58, and c. 31, ff 92-100 (see also Beckford MS, c. 16, 40-41, c. 31, ff. 90, 107-26).

^5.
Matcham,
The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe,
p. 267.

^6.
William Beatty to Emma, January 31, 1809, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/3.

^7.
Emma Hamilton, draft of last will, October 16, 1806, Houghton Library, MS Eng 196.5, f 167.

^8.
Matcham,
The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe,
p. 267.

CHAPTER 52

^1.
Emma to Greville, Houghton Library, MS Eng. 196.5, 68.

^2.
David Wilkie's journal, in
The Life of David Wilkie,
ed. Allan Cunningham (London, 1843), I:220.

^3.
Germain Lavie to George Rose, April 1, 1809, Birmingham University Special Collections, MS21/2/70.

^4.
Nelson to Emma, March 1, 1801, Houghton Library, MS Eng. 22.

CHAPTER 53

^1.
Catalogues in Christie's archives.

^2.
Mrs. Sarah Connor, “Deposition,” December 29, 1808, NMM NWD/9594.

^3.
One suggested that the English lady should follow her look, appearing one day “as the Egyptian Cleopatra, then a Grecian Helen, next morning the Roman Cornelia; or if these styles be too august for her taste, there are sylphs, goddesses, nymphs of every region, in earth or in air, to lend her their wardrobe.” Anon,
The Mirror of the Graces, or the English Lady's Costume
(London, 1811), pp. 59-60.

^4.
On Sir Harry's possessions, see Uppark MS 658-97, West Sussex Record Office.

^5.
Duke of Queensberry to Abraham Goldsmid, July 9, 1801, Coutts Archives, Doc. 123.

^6.
William Beckford to Emma, October 18, 1810, Bodleian Library, Beckford MS, c. 30, f 99.

^7.
Beatty to Emma, August 30, 1811, Wellcome Library, MS 6242/5.

^8.
Sarah Connor to Emma, September 10, 1810, NMM NWD/9594.&/A.

^9.
Sarah Connor to Emma, December 19, 1810, Monmouth Museum, E543.

^10.
William Beckford to Emma, October 18, 1810, Bodleian Library, Beckford MS, c. 30, f 99.

^11.
Countess of Banbury to sisters-in-law, December 17, 1811, Hampshire Record Office, 1M 44/138/6.

CHAPTER 54

^1.
The Works of Thomas de Quincey,
ed. Grevel Lindop (London, 2000), II:209.

^2.
See PRO AO/1/850/5, September 3, 1811.

^3.
NMM NWD/9594/34.

^4.
Letters and Diaries of George Rose,
I:270.

^5.
Emma to [?] Lord Sidmouth, February 7, 1813, Monmouth Museum, E242.

^6.
See King's Bench Record Book, 1813, PRO PRIS 7/32.

^7.
Emma to Horatia Nelson, April 18, 1813, Houghton Library, FMS Lowell, 10.

^8.
“Sale of Elegant Household Furniture The Property of a Lady of Distinction,” July 8, 1813, NMM NWD/9594/13-14.

^9.
King's Bench Record Book, 1813, PRO PRIS 4/26/128.

CHAPTER 55

^1.
William Beatty to Emma, October 22, 1811, August 30, 1811, Wellcome MS 6242/5, 8.

^2.
Emma to Earl Nelson, April 29, 1814, BL Add. MS 34992.

CHAPTER 56

^1.
Emma to George Rose, July 4, 1814,
Letters and Diaries of George Rose,
II:272-73.

^2.
Horatia Nelson to Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, March 28, 1846, NMM NWD/ 9594/13-24.

^3.
Emma, draft, September 14, 1814, BL Add. MS 34992.

^4.
Emma, October 7, 1814, NMM NWD/9594/34.

^5.
Horatia Nelson to Mr. Paget, November 8, 1874, NMM NWD/9594/2.

^6.
Horatia Nelson to Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, March 28, 1846, NMM NWD/ 9594/13-24.

CHAPTER 57

^1.
Morning Post,
January 26, 1815.

^2.
Just after Nelson's column was erected in Trafalgar Square in 1845, William Thackeray published
Vanity Fair,
in which Becky Sharp, a second Emma, comes to a sticky end. Becky, a dancer and artist's model, flirts with the Prince of Wales, exploits her connections to aristocratic men, and distracts soldiers from their duty. She even performs Attitudes at parties, playing the role of Clytemnestra, armed with a dagger to stab Aegisthus, dressed in white as “her tawny hair floats down her shoulder.” Thackeray's Lady Crawley raved to Becky on “the most beautiful part of dear Lord Nelson's character,” extolling how he “went to the deuce for a woman. There
must
be good in a man who will do that.” But Lady Crawley is out of touch—the society she lives in reviles any man for “going to the deuce” for a woman. Thackeray's world had no place for a strong-minded woman who refused to accept her place at the bottom of society.

^3.
Robert Fulke Greville,
The Greville Memoirs,
eds. Lytton Strachey and Roger Fulford (London, 1938), III:160.

^4.
Harriet Arbuthnot,
Journal of Mrs. Arbuthnot, 1820-1832,
eds. Francis Bamford and the Duke of Wellington (London, 1950), I:65.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

In the course of my four years of research, I have consulted over three thousand books. To list all would be too cumbersome for the reader, and it wouldn't help those readers who are looking for more information about certain topics. Therefore, in the following pages, I list only those sources that I have found most useful and enjoyable.