Europe: A History (256 page)
Cyrene**
Barca**
Tauchira**
Euhesperides**
The Roman Emperors, 30
BC–AD
1453
JULIO-CLAUDIAN
DYNASTY
| 31 BC-AD 14 | Augustus |
| 14–37 | Tiberius |
| 37–1 | Caligula |
| 41–5 | Claudius I |
| 54–68 | Nero |
| 68 | Galba Otho |
| 69 | Vitellius |
| 69–79 | Vespasian |
| 79–61 | Titus |
| 81–96 | Domitian |
| 96–8 | Nerva |
| 98–117 | Trajan |
| 117–38 | Hadrian |
| 138–61 | Antoninus Pius |
| 161–80 | M. Aurelius* |
| 161–9 | Lucius Verus* |
| 180–92 | Commodus |
| 193 | Pertinax |
| 193 | Dedius Julianus |
| 193–211 | S. Severus |
| 211–17 | Caracalla* |
| 211–12 | Geta* |
| 217–18 | Macrinus |
| 218–22 | Heliogabalus |
| 222–35 | Alex. Severus |
| 235–8 | Maximinius |
| 238 | Gordian I |
| 238 | Gordian II |
| 238 | Balbinus* |
| 238 | Pupienus* |
| 238–44 | Gordian III |
| 244–9 | Philippus |
| 249–51 | Decius |
| 251 | Hostilianus |
| 251–3 | Gallus |
| 253 | Áemilianus |
| 253–60 | Valerian* |
| 260–8 | Gallienus* |
| 268–70 | Claudius II |
| 270–5 | Aurelian |
| 275–6 | Tacitus |
| 276 | Florianus |
| 276–82 | Probus |
| 282–3 | Carus |
| 283–5 | Carinus* |
| 283–4 | Numerianus* |
| 284–305 | Diocletian* |
| 286–305 | Maximian* |
| 305–6 | Constantius I* |
| 305–10 | Galerius* |
| 306–12 | Maxentius |
| 308–13 | Maxinus |
| 308–24 | Licinius (E) |
| 305–37 | Constantine I |
| 337–40 | Constantine II |
| 337-50 | Constans* |
| 337–61 | Constantius II* |
| 361–3 | Julian |
| 363–4 | Jovian |
| 364–75 | Valentinian I |
| 364–78 | Valens (E) |
| 375–92 | Valentinian II* |
| 375–83 | Grattan* (W) |
| 379–95 | Theodosius I |
| 395–423 | Honorius* (W) |
| 395–408 | Arcadius (E) |
| 408–50 | Theodosius II |
| 421 | Constantius III* |
| 425–55 | Valentinian III |
| 450–7 | Marcian (E) |
| 455 | Petronius (W) |
| 455–6 | Avitus(W) |
| 457–61 | Majorian (W) |
| 457–74 | Leo I (E) |
| 461–5 | Libius (W) |
| 467–72 | Anthemius (W) |
| 472 | Olybrius(W) |
| 473–4 | Glycerius (W) |
| 474 | Leo II (E) |
| 474–5 | J. Nepos (W) |
| 474–91 | Zeno (E) |
| 475–6 | Romulus Augustus (W) |
| 491–518 | Anastasius I |
| 518–27 | Justin I |
| 527–65 | Justinian I |
| 565–78 | Justin II |
| 578–82 | Tiberius II |
| 582–602 | Maurice |
| 602–10 | Phocas |
| HERACLIAH DYNASTY | |
| 610–41 | Heraclius I |
| 641 | Constantine III* |
| 641 | Heracleonas* |
| 641–8 | Constans II |
| 668–85 | Constantine IV |
| 685–95 | Justinian II |
| 695–8 | Leontius |
| 698–705 | Tiberius III |
| 705–11 | Justinian III |
| 711–13 | Philippicus |
| 713–15 | Anastasius II |
| 716–17 | Theodosius III |
| ISAURIAN DYNASTY | |
| 717–41 | Leo III |
| 741–75 | Constantine V |
| 775–80 | Leo IV |
| 780–97 | Constantine VI |
| 797–802 | Irene |
| 802–11 | Nicephorus I |
| 811 | Stauracius |
| 811–13 | Michael I |
| 813–20 | LeoV |
| 820–9 | Michael II |
| 829–42 | Theophilus |
| 842–67 | Michael III |
| MACEDONIAN DYNASTY | |
| 867–86 | Basil I |
| 886–912 | Leo VI |
| 912–13 | Alexander |
| 913–19 | Constantine VII |
| 919–44 | Romanus I |
| 944–59 | Constantine VII |
| 959–63 | Romanus II |
| 963 | Basil II |
| 963–9 | Nicephorus I |
| 969–76 | John I |
| 976–1025 | Basil II |
| 1025–8 | Constantine VIII |
| 1028–34 | Romanus III |
| 1034–41 | Michael IV |
| 1041–2 | Michael V |
| 1042 | Zoe and Theodora |
| 1042–55 | Constantine IX |
| 1055–6 | Theodora |
| 1056–7 | Michael VI |
| 1057–9 | Isaac 1 |
| 1059–67 | Constantine X |
| 1067–8 | Michael VII |
| 1068–71 | Romanus IV |
| 1071–8 | MichazelVII |
| 1078–81 | Nicephorus III |
| COMNENIAN DYNASTY | |
| 1081–1118 | Alexius 1 |
| 1118–43 | John II |
| 1143–80 | Manuel 1 |
| 1180–3 | Alexius II |
| 1183–5 | Andronicus 1 |
| 1185–95 | Isaac II |
| 1195–1203 | Alexius III |
| 1203–4 | Alexius IV |
| 1204 | Alexius V |
| 1204–22 | Theodore 1 |
| 1222–54 | John III |
| 1254–8 | Theodore II |
| 1258 | John IV |
| PALAEOLOBAN DYNASTY | |
| 1258–82 | Michael VIII |
| 1282–1328 | Andronicus II |
| 1328–41 | Andronicus III |
| 1341–76, | |
| 1379–91 | JohnV |
| 1376–9 | Andronicus V |
| [1390 1391- | John VII] |
| 1425 | Manuel II |
| 1425–48 | John VIII |
| 1448–53 | Constantine XI |
* Joint Emperor, (W) Western Emperor; (E) Eastern Emperor
The Popes, Patriarchs of Rome
Peter, St, d.
ad
64
Linus; St, c.66–c.78
Anacletus, St, c.79–c.91
Clement I, St, C.91–C.101
Evaristus I, St, c.100–c.109
Alexander I, St, C.109–C.116
Sixtus I, St, C.116–C.125
Telesphorus, St, c.125–c.136
Hyginus, St, C.138–C.142
Pius I, St, C.142–C.155
Anicetus, St, c.155–c.166
Soter,St,c.166–c.174
Eleutherius, St, c. 174–89
Victor I, St, 189–98
Zephyrinus, St, 198/9–217
Callistus I, St, 217–22
[Hippolytus I, St, 217–35]
Urban I, St, 222–30
Pontian I, St, 230–5
Anterus, St, 235–6
Fabian, St, 236–50
Cornelius, St, 251–3
[Novatian, 251–8]
Lucius I, St, 253–4
Stephen I, St, 254–7
Sixtus II, St, 257–8
Dionysius, St, 260–8
Felix I, St, 269–74
Eutychian, St, 275–83
Gaius, St, 283–96
Marcelllnus, St, 296–?304
Marcellus I, St, 306–8
Eusebius, St, 310
Miltiades, St, 311–14
Silvester I, St, 314–35
Mark, St, 336
Julius I, St, 337–52
Liberlus, 352–66
[Felix II, St, 355–65]
Damasus I, St, 366–84
[Ursinus, 366–7]
Siricius, St, 384–99
Anastasius I, St, 399–401
Innocent I, St, 401–17
Zosimus, St, 417–18
Boniface I, St, 418–22
Celestine I, St, 422–32
Sixtus III, St, 432–40
Leo I, St, 440–61
Hilarus I, St, 461–8
Simplicius, St, 468–83
Felix III (II), St, 483–92
Gelasius I, St, 492–6
Anastasius II, 496–8
Symmachus, St, 498–514
[Lawrence, 498–9; 501–16]
Hormisdas, St, 514–23
John I, St, 523–6
Felix IV (III), St, 526–30
[Dioscorus, 530]
Boniface II, 530–2
John II, 533–5
Agapitus I, St, 535–6
Silverius, St, 536–7
Vigilius, 537–55
Pelagius 1,556–61
John III, 561–74
Benedict 1,575–9
Pelagius II, 579–90
Gregory I, St, 590–604
Sabinian 604–6
Boniface III, 607
Boniface IV, St, 608–15
Deusdedit (later Adeodatus I) St, 615–18
Boniface V, 619–25
Honorius I,625–38
Severinus, 640
John IV, 640–2
Theodore I,642–9
Martin I, St, 649–53
Eugene I, St, 654–7
Vitalian, St, 657–72
Adeodatus II, 672–6
Donus, 67 9
Agatho, St, 678–81
Leo II, St, 682–3
Benedict II, St, 684–5
John V, 685–6
Conon, 686–7
[Theodore, 687]
[Paschal, 687]
Sergius I, St, 687–701
John VI, 701–5
John VII, 705–7
Sisinnius, 708
Constantine ,708–15
Gregory II, St, 715–31
Gregory III, St, 731–41
Zacharias, St, 741–52
Stephen (II), 752
Stephen II (III), 752–7
Paul I, St, 757–67
[Constantine, 767–8]
[Philip, 768]
Stephen III (IV), 768–72
Hadrian I,772–95
Leo III, St, 795–816
Stephen IV (V), 816–17
Paschal I, St, 817–24
Eugene II, 824–7
Valentine, 827
Gregory IV, 827–44
[John, 844]
Sergius II, 844–7
Leo IV, St, 847–55
Benedict III, 855–8
[Anastasius Bibliothecarius, 855]
Nicholas I, St, 858–67
Hadrian II, 867–72
John VIII, 872–82
Marinus 1,882–4
Hadrian III, St, 884–5
Stephen V (VI), 885–91
Formosus, 891–6
Boniface VI, 896
Stephen VI (VII), 896–7
Romanus, 897
Theodore II, 897
John IX, 898–900
Benedict IV, 900–3
Leo V, 903
[Christopher, 903–4]
Sergius III, 904–11
Anastasius III, 911–13
Lando, 913–14
John X, 914–28
Leo VI, 928
Stephen VII (VIII), 928–31
John XI, 931–5
Leo VII, 936–9
Stephen VIII (IX), 939–42
Marinus II, 942–6
Agapitus II, 946–55
John XII, 955–64
Leo VIII, 963–5
[Benedict V, 964]
Antipopes in square brackets
.
John XIII, 965–72
Benedict VI, 973–4
[Boniface VII, 974,984–5]
Benedict VII, 974–83
John XIV, 983–4
John XV, 985–96
Gregory V, 996–9
[John XVI, 997–8]
Silvester II, 999–1003
John XVII, 1003
John XVIII, 1003–9
Sergius IV, 1009–12
Benedict VIII, 1012–24
[Gregory (VI), 1012]
John XIX, 1024–32
Benedict IX, 1032–44,1045, 1047–8
Silvester III, 1045
Gregory VI, 1045–6
Clement II, 1046–7
Damasus II, 1048
Leo IX, St, 1049–54
Victor II, 1055–7
Stephen IX (X), 1057–8
[Benedict X, 1058–9]
Nicholas II, 1058–61
Alexander II, 1061–73
[Honorius (II), 1061–4]
Gregory VII, St, 1073–85
[Clement III, 1080,1084–1100]
Victor III, 1086–7
Urban II, 1088–99
Paschal II, 1099–1118
[Theoderic, 1100–1]
[Albert or Adalbert, 1101]
[Silvester IV, 1105–11]
Gelasius II, 1118–19
[Gregory (VIII), 1118–21]
Callistus II, 1119–24
Honorius II, 1124–30
[Celestine (II), 1124]
