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  1. Jaffrelot, 1996, p. 199.
  2. Poddar, ‘
    Vote Kiskon Dein
    ,’ December 1951.
  3. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Jantantr
    a Ya Asur Tantra
    ’ (Democracy or Demonocracy),
    Kalyan
    , March 1967, pp. 818–20.
  4. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Jantantr
    a Ki Raksha Kaise Ho
    ’ (How to Save Democracy),
    Kalyan
    , June 1967, p. 1011.
  5. Sumit Sarkar,
    Modern India
    , Macmillan, New Delhi, 1983, p. 177.
  6. Sadanand, ‘
    Rajniti Se Dharma Ka Sambandh Vichchhed
    ’ (Desegregating Religion from Politics),
    Kalyan
    , Vol. 3, No. 7, 1928, pp. 652–53.
  7. ‘
    Ishwa
    r Virodhi Sammelan
    ’ (Anti-God Congregation),
    Kalyan
    , Vol. 3, No. 12, 1928, pp. 1048–49.
  8. Rajendra, ‘
    Sr
    i Gita Ka Samatva Aur Aaj Ka Samvyavad
    ’ (Equality in Gita and Today’s Communism),
    Kalyan
    , Vol. 4, No. 1, 1929, pp. 349–50.
  9. Laxman Narayan Garde, ‘
    Adhunik Anishwarvad
    ’ (Modern Atheism),
    Kalya
    n
    , August 1932, pp. 212–19.
  10. Hanuman Prasad Poddar and Chimmanlal Gosvami, ‘
    Kshama
    Prarthana
    ’ (Prayer for Forgiveness),
    Kalyan
    , January 1947, pp. 722– 25.
  11. Charu Chandra Mitra, ‘
    Nari
    ’ (Woman),
    Kalyan
    , (two instalments) May and June 1948, pp. 1049–54 and 1115–18.
  12. Kailash Nath Katju, ‘
    Srima
    d Bhagavadgita Aur Communistvad
    ’ (Gita and Communism),
    Kalyan
    ,
    Hindu Sanskriti Ank
    , January 1950, pp. 64–67.
  13. Acharya Nardev Shastri Vedtirth, ‘
    Hindu Sanskriti Aur Paschatyavad
    ’ (Hindu Culture and Western Ideology),
    Kalyan, Hindu Sanskriti Ank,
    January 1950, pp. 171–74.
  14. Ram Vallabh Chaturvedi, ‘
    Communism Se Hum Kyon Daren?
    ’ (Why Should We Be Afraid of Communism?),
    Kalyan
    , March 1950, pp. 1023–25.
  15. ‘The Great Endeavour,’
    Economic Weekly
    , 14 May 1955. p. 561.
  16. ‘Further Left,’
    Economic Weekly
    , 13 June 1955, p. 698.
  17. Nardev Shastri, ‘
    Yeh Kaisa Samajwad Hai
    ’ (What Kind of Socialism Is This?),
    Kalyan
    , May 1955, pp. 1017–19.
  18. ‘
    Ru
    s Ki Anarthpurn Arth Vyavastha
    ’ (Russia’s Meaningless Economy),
    Kalyan
    , May 1955, pp. 1050–56.
  19. C. Nesterenko, ‘
    Samyavad
    i Naitikta Ka Audarya
    ’ (Communism’s Liberal Morality),
    Kalyan
    , January 1959, pp. 571–72.
  20. Indralal Shastri Jain, ‘
    Ashant
    i Aur Himsatmak Pravrittiyon Ka
    Utardayitva Prashasan Niti Par
    ’ (Administration Responsible for Disturbance and Violent Tendencies),
    Kalyan
    , February 1967, pp. 750–51.
  21. Rabindra Ray,
    The Naxalites and Their Ideology
    , Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1988, pp. 88–89.
  22. Purshottam Dass Halwasiya to Poddar, 4 September 1967. Poddar Papers.
  23. From a pamphlet of Bharatiya Sanskritik Suraksha Parishad. Poddar Papers.
  24. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Des
    h Mein Aasuri Sampada Ka Vistar Aur
    Hamar
    a Kartavya
    ’ (Growth of Evil Forces in the Country and Our Duty),
    Kalyan
    , September 1967, pp. 1196–97.
  25. Ganga Shankar Mishra, ‘
    Prastavan
    a
    ’ (Foreword) to Swami Karpatri Maharaj,
    Marxvad Aur Ram Rajya
    , Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 2009, pp. 3–5.
  26. Swami Karpatri Maharaj, 2009, pp. 256, 262–63, 306–07, 313–14.
  27. Ibid., pp. 574, 576, 577.
  28. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Sanata
    n Dharma Ke Harash Honewale
    Deshvyap
    i Anarth
    ’ (Nationwide Crisis Due to Erosion of Sanatan Dharma),
    Kalyan
    , March 1968, pp. 817–19.
  29. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘Necessity of the Knowledge, Grasping and Spreading of the Sanatan (Universal) Dharma’, undated typed article. Poddar Papers.
  30. ‘
    Kaa
    m Ke Patra
    ’ (Important Letters, a column through which Poddar replied to readers’ queries),
    Kalyan,
    August 1968, pp. 1137–39.
  31. Rajendra Prasad Jain, ‘
    Dharmnirpekshata Ka Abhishaap
    ’ (Curse of Secularism),
    Kalyan
    , November 1968, pp. 1300–02.
  32. Through the forty-second constitutional amendment in 1976 the words secular and socialist were included in the Preamble to the Constitution of India.
  33. Rajendra Prasad Jain, ‘
    Dharmnirpeksh
    ’ (Secularism),
    Kalyan
    , October 1966, pp. 1255–57.
  34. Jain, ‘
    Dharmanirpekshata Ka Abhishaap
    ,’ November 1968.
  35. Bharatiya Jana Sangh, (1952–1980), Party Document, Vol. I, Policies and Manifestoes, BJP, 2005, pp. 284–85.
  36. Sundarlal Vohra, ‘
    Hind
    u Dharma Ki Agni Pariksha
    ’ (Hindu Dharma’s Trial by Fire),
    Kalyan
    , June 1966, pp. 1003–06.
  37. Late Swami Karpatri Maharaj, ‘
    Dharma Aur Rajniti
    ’ (Religion and Politics),
    Kalyan
    , January 2002, pp. 106–11.
  38. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Chin Par Purna Vijay Prapt Karne Ke Liye
    Adhyatmi
    k Sadhan Bhi Kiye Jayen
    ’ (Spiritual Efforts Should Also Be Made to Attain Absolute Victory over China),
    Kalyan
    , December 1962, p. 1347.
  39. Poddar to King Mahendra, 19 November 1962. Poddar Papers.
  40. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Pakistan Yudh Aur Hamara Kartavya
    ’ (Pakistan War and Our Duty),
    Kalyan
    , October 1965, p. 3.
  41. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Pakistan-Chi
    n Sangharsh Mein Hamara Kartavya Tatha Vijay Aur Vishwa Shanti Ke Sadhan
    ’ (Our Duty in the Conflict with Pakistan and China and Ways to Become Victorious and Achieve World Peace),
    Kalyan
    , November 1965, pp. 1317–19.
  42. Poddar to Indira Gandhi, 23 November 1970. Poddar Papers.

 

6. The Moral Universe of Gita Press
  1. Poddar to Bajrang Lal, 16 November 1939. Poddar Papers.
  2. Geraldine Forbes,
    Women in Modern India
    , Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, 1996, p. 1.
  3. Ghulam Murshid,
    Reluctan
    t Debutante: Response of Bengali Women to
    Modernisation
    , 1849
    –
    190
    5
    , Rajshahi University Press, 1983, cited in Partha Chatterjee, ‘The Nationalist Resolution of the Women’s Question’, in Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid (eds),
    Recasting
    Wome
    n
    :
    Essays in Colonial History
    , Zubaan, New Delhi, 2010, p. 234.
  4. Sumit Sarkar, ‘The Women’s Question in Nineteenth Century Bengal’, in
    A Critique of Colonial India
    , Papyrus, Calcutta, 2000, p. 89.
  5. Partha Chatterjee, ‘Colonialism, Nationalism, and Colonised Women: The Contest in India’,
    American Ethnologist
    , Vol. 16, No. 4, November 1989, pp. 622–33.
  6. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Vartaman Shiksha
    ’ (Present-day Education),
    Kalyan
    , April 1936, p. 1297.
  7. Nar
    i Dharma
    (Women’s Duty) was first published in 1938; till 2000 it was priced at Rs 3, had sold 1,395,000 copies and gone into seventy-four editions.
    Striyo
    n Ke Liye Kartavya Shiksha
    (Education in Duties for Women) was first published in 1954; till 2000, 1,025,000 copies were sold in forty-five editions; it is priced at Rs 5.
    Bhak
    t Nari
    (Devout Women) priced at Rs 4 was first published in 1931 and till 2002 had gone into thirty-nine editions and sold 462,000 copies.
    Nari Shiksha
    (Women’s Education), first published in 1952, till 2010 has gone into fifty-seven editions and sold 1,027,000 copies; priced at Rs 8 it is expensive by Gita Press standards.
    Dampaty
    a Jivan Ka Adarsh
    (Ideals of Marital Life) is a late compilation of Poddar’s articles. First published in 1991; till 2002 it had seventeen editions with 181,000 copies sold, priced at Rs 7.
    Grihast
    a Mein Kaise Rahen
    (How to Live in the Household) first published in 1990, had thirty-seven editions till 2004 with 930,000 copies sold; priced at Rs 6.
    Prashnoutta
    r Manimala
    (A Garland of Questions) was first published in 2001 and in the first year itself went through five editions; by 2002 it had six editions with 10,000 copies sold, priced at Rs 7.
  8. Sukhda Devi, ‘
    Marwar
    i Samaj Mein Striyon Ki Hin Dasha
    ’ (Deplorable State of Women in the Marwari Community),
    Chand
    , July 1937, pp. 278–79.
  9. Prabha Khaitan,
    Peeli Aandhi
    , Rajkamal Paperbacks, Delhi, 2001.
  10. Hanuman Prasad Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 1926, pp. 12–15.
  11. Hanuman Prasad Poddar,
    Samaj Sudhar
    , Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 1928, pp. 21, 23.
  12. Jaydayal Goyandka to Hanuman Prasad Poddar, 1925 (date and month not clear). Poddar Papers.
  13. Jaydayal Goyandka,
    Nari Dharma
    , Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 1938, pp. 2–3.
  14. Ibid., p. 25.
  15. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Vartaman Shiksha
    ,’
    Kalyan
    , April 1936, p. 1293.
  16. Dwarika Prasad Chaturvedi, ‘
    Adhunik Nari
    ’ (Modern Women),
    Kalya
    n
    ,
    Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 155–56.
  17. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Shiksha Aur Sah-Shiksha
    ’ (Women’s Education And Co-education),
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 230–32.
  18. Interview with Radheshyam Khemka, editor,
    Kalyan
    , February 2011 in Banaras.
  19. Kishori Das Vajpayee, ‘
    Ladkiyon Ki Shiksha
    ’ (Girls’ Education),
    Kalyan
    , Nari Ank
    , 1948, p. 227.
  20. Chatterjee, ‘Colonialism, Nationalism, and Colonised Women,’ 1989.
  21. Shakuntala Gupta, ‘
    Vartaman Shiksha Mein Parivartan Ki Avashyakta
    ’ (Need to Change Modern Education),
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 232–34.
  22. Meera Kosambi, Introduction in
    Pandita Ramabai’s American
    Encounter
    : The People of the United States
    (1889), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, USA, 2003, p. 3.
  23. Meera Kosambi cited in Radha Kumar,
    The History of Doing
    , Zubaan, New Delhi, 1993, p. 32.
  24. Sudarshan Singh, ‘Dr Anandibai Joshi’,
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 816–18.
  25. Caroline Healey Dall,
    The Life of Dr Anandibai Joshee
    , Roberts Brothers, Boston, 1888, p. 50.
  26. Hanuman Prasad Poddar,
    Europe Ki Bhakt Striyan
    , (Women Devotees of Europe) Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 1934.
  27. Poddar to an unidentified woman, 1929 (date and month not clear). Poddar Papers.
  28. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Hindu Vivah Ki Visheshta
    ’ (The Speciality of Hindu Marriage), in
    Nari Shiksha
    , Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 1952, p. 100.
  29. Hanuman Prasad Poddar,
    Dampatya Jivan Ka Adarsh
    (Ideals of Married Life), 38th ed., Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 2013, p. 14.
  30. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 16.
  31. Poddar,
    Samaj Sudhar
    , 1928, p. 15.
  32. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Vivah Ka Mahan Uddeshya Aur Vivah
    Kaal
    ’ (Great Purpose Behind Marriage and Married Life), in
    Nari
    Shiksha
    , 1952, pp. 27–28.
  33. Poddar,
    Nari Shiksha
    , 1952, p. 21.
  34. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 1.
  35. Hanuman Prasad Poddar,
    Dampatya Jivan Ka Adarsh
    (Ideals of Married Life), 38th ed., Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 2013, pp. 82–83.
  36. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 4.
  37. Charu Gupta, ‘Articulating Hindu Masculinity and Femininity: “Shuddhi” and “Sangathan” Movements in United Provinces in the 1920s’,
    Economic and Political Weekly
    , Vol. 33, No. 13. 26 March– 3 April 1998, pp. 727–35.
  38. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 11.
  39. Gupta, 1998, pp. 730–31.
  40. Poddar,
    Samaj Sudhar
    , 1928, p. 26.
  41. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 16.
  42. Dipesh Chakrabarty, ‘The Difference-Deferral of a Colonial Modernity: Public Debates on Domesticity in British Bengal’, in David Arnold and David Hardiman (eds),
    Subaltern Studies
    , Vol. VIII, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1996, p. 55.
  43. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, pp. 23–34.
  44. Goyandka,
    Nari Dharma
    , 1938, pp. 13–14, 26–27.
  45. Charu Gupta,
    Sexuality, Obscenity, Community
    , Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2001, pp. 90–108.
  46. ‘
    Nar
    i Aur Bhojan Nirman Kala
    ’ (Women and the Art of Cooking),
    Kalyan
    , Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 346–49.
  47. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 35.
  48. Ibid., pp. 27–28.
  49. Goyandka,
    Nari Dharma
    , 1938, p. 33.
  50. Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 819–20, 821–23, 831–35, 836–38.
  51. ‘
    Pativrat
    a Kya Kar Sakti Hai
    ’ (What a Loyal Wife Can Do?),
    Kalyan, Nari
    Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 333–34.
  52. ‘
    Kais
    e Acharan Se Nari Pati Ko Vash Mein Kar Sakti Hai
    ’ (With What Kind of Behaviour Can a Woman Keep Her Husband under Control?),
    Kalyan
    ,
    Sanskar Ank
    , January 2006, pp. 194–95.
  53. Ramnivas Lakhotia, ‘
    Bachchon Ke Prati Maa Ka Uttardaitwa
    ’ (Mother’s Duties Towards Children),
    Sanskar Ank
    , January 2006, pp. 258–60.
  54. Chakrabarty, 1996, p. 60.
  55. Nari
    : Grihalakshmi Aur Kalyani
    (1946),
    Anand Niketan
    ,
    Ghar Ki
    Ran
    i
    ,
    Bhai Ke Patra
    ,
    Kanya and Nari Jivan
    ,
    Kuch Samasyayen.
    All published by Sadhana Sadan, Prayag (Allahabad).
  56. Ramnath ‘Suman’, ‘
    Bharatiya Grihon Se Lupt Hoti Hui
    Grihalakshmiyan
    ’ (Lakshmis Vanishing from Indian Homes),
    Kalyan,
    Nar
    i Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 133–36.
  57. Poddar,
    Vartaman Shiksha
    , (monograph) 1936, pp. 30–32.
  58. Poddar, ‘
    Vartaman Shiksha
    ’,
    Kalyan
    , April 1936, p. 1294.
  59. Poddar,
    Nari Shiksha
    , 1952, pp. 21–22.
  60. Premchand, ‘
    Nari Ka Vastavik Swarup
    ’ (Woman’s Real Self),
    Kalyan, Nari
    Ank
    , January 1948, p. 351.
  61. Adolf Hitler, ‘
    Striyo
    n Ka Kartavya
    ’ (Women’s Duty),
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, p. 724.
  62. Colonel James Tod, ‘
    Aitihasik Tathya
    ’ (Historical Facts),
    Kalyan, Nari
    Ank
    , January 1948, p. 200.
  63. Poddar,
    Nari Shiksha
    , 1952, pp. 21–22.
  64. Chandrima Chakraborty,
    Masculinity, Asceticism, Hinduism
    , Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2011, p. 193.
  65. Amrita Basu, ‘Feminism Inverted’, in Tanika Sarkar and Urvashi Butalia (eds),
    Women And the Hindu Right
    , Kali For Women, New Delhi, 1995, p. 159.
  66. Poddar,
    Nari Shiksha
    , 1952, pp. 24–25.
  67. A.S. Altekar,
    The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization
    , Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1938, p. 83.
  68. Livia Holden,
    Hindu Divorce: A Legal Anthropology
    , Ashgate, England, 2008, pp. 15–16.
  69. Forbes, 1996, pp. 112–13.
  70. Ruprani ‘Shyama’, ‘
    Talaq Sabhyata Ka Chinh Hai?
    ’ (Is Divorce a Symbol of Civilization?)
    , Kalyan
    , March 1936, pp. 1280–83.
  71. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Vivah-Vichched
    ’ (Dissolution of Marriage),
    Kalyan
    , Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 192–95.
  72. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Kaam Ke Patra
    ’ (Useful Letters),
    Kalyan
    , December 1949, pp. 1467–75.
  73. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, pp. 20–23.
  74. Goyandka,
    Nari Dharma
    , 1938, p. 36.
  75. ‘
    Vidhv
    a Jivan Ko Pavitra Rakhne Ka Sadhan
    ’ (Means to Keep a Widow’s Life Pure),
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 241–43.
  76. Poddar,
    Samaj Sudhar
    , 1928, p. 6.
  77. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Sahmara
    n Ya Sati Chamatkar
    ’ (Dying Together or Sati Magic),
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 257– 59.
  78. Acharya Chandrasekhar Shastri, ‘
    Bharatiy
    a Atankvad Mein Ek Sati
    Mahil
    a
    ’ (A Sati Woman in the Indian Revolutionary Movement),
    Kalyan
    , Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 867–68.
  79. Goyandka,
    Nari Dharma
    , 1938, p. 14.
  80. Tanika Sarkar,
    Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation
    , Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2001, p. 228.
  81. Goyandka,
    Nari Dharma
    , 1938, p. 2.
  82. Charu Chandra Mitra, ‘
    Nari: Paschatya Aur Hindu Samaj Mein
    ’ (Women: In Western and Hindu Society),
    Kalyan
    , May 1948, pp. 1049–54.
  83. Havelock Ellis,
    Psychology of Sex
    , Vol. VI, p. 524 as cited in Mitra.
  84. Anton Vitalivich Nemilov,
    Biological Tragedy of Women
    , Chapter VII, pp. 128–33, as cited in Mitra,
    Kalyan
    , May 1948.
  85. Gupta, 2001, p. 126.
  86. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 37.
  87. Ibid., pp. 40–41.
  88. ‘
    Sarvashresht
    h Santan Prapti Ke Liye Niyam
    ’ (Rules for Getting the Best Child),
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, p. 294.
  89. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Garbhadha
    n Ke Shreshth Niyam
    ’ (Best Rules for Pregnancy), in
    Nari Shiksha
    , 1952, pp. 33–38.
  90. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, p. 41.
  91. Gangadhar Trivedi, ‘
    Striyon Ke Rog Aur Unki Gharelu Chikitsa
    ’ (Ailments among Women and Their Home Remedies),
    Kalyan, Nari
    An
    k
    , January 1948, pp. 300–03.
  92. Goyandka,
    Nari Dharma
    , 1938, p. 24.
  93. ‘
    Shish
    u Rog Aur Unki Gharelu Chikitsa
    ’ (Ailments among Children and Their Home Remedies),
    Kalyan, Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 304–12.
  94. Vaidya Badrudin Ranpuri, ‘
    Ba
    l Rogon Ki Kuchh Adbhut Davaiyan
    ’ (Some Magical Medicines for Ailments among Children),
    Kalyan
    , June 2001, pp. 730–31.
  95. Siddhgopal, ‘
    AID
    S Evam Adhyatm
    ’ (AIDS and Spiritualism),
    Kalyan
    , November 2005, p. 961.
  96. Emma Tarlo,
    Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India
    , Penguin-Viking, New Delhi, 1996, p. 1.
  97. C.A. Bayly, ‘The Origins of Swadeshi (home industry): Cloth and Indian Society, 1700–1930’, in Arjun Appadurai (ed.),
    The Social Life
    of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective
    , Cambridge University Press, USA, pp. 286–87.
  98. Ramcharan Mahendra, ‘
    Hindu Bheshbhusha Aur Hindi Bhasha Ko
    Apnan
    e Main Garv Ka Anubhav Karen
    ’ (Take Pride in Adopting Hindu Dress and the Hindi Language),
    Kalyan
    , November 1966, pp. 1312–13.
  99. Tarlo, 1996, p. 11.
  100. Hanuman Prasad Poddar, ‘
    Nari Ke Dooshan
    ’ (Faults of Women),
    Kalyan
    , Nari Ank
    , January 1948, pp. 324–28.
  101. Poddar,
    Stri Dharma Prashnottari
    , 1926, pp. 17–18.
  102. Ibid., p. 35.
  103. Tarlo, 1996, p. 95.
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