God Is Not One: The Eight Rival Religions That Run the World (62 page)

Henry VIII (King of England), 79

Henson, John, 75

The Hero with a Thousand Faces
(Campbell), 5

Herzl, Theodor, 272

Heschel, Abraham, 16, 47

Hezbollah (Lebanon), 52

hijab
(Muslim women’s head covering): European controversies over, 29, 56; as symbol of Islamic identity, 56

Hildegard of Bingen, St., 82

Hillel, Rabbi, 249–50, 258–59, 278, 339

Hinduism: Bhagavad Gita, 134, 135; Brahma (the creator) and Vishnu (the sustainer) of, 132, 137, 152, 153–57; deities of, 131–33, 134, 142; devotional, 137, 150–53; Ganesha, 131–33; differences between Indian and American, 240; four different aims of, 136–37; Hindu trinity, 153–57; holy men of, 137–38; Indus Valley civilization and birth of, 138–39, 143; Mahabharata epic, 153, 159–62; modern, 164–67;
moksha
(spiritual liberation) of, 136–37, 138, 147–48, 150, 151, 152–53, 161–62; mythological dimension of, 108–9; origins and description of, 133–35; philosophical, 144–50; puja (worship), 157–59; Ramayana epic, 153, 159, 162–64;
samsara
(life, death, and rebirth cycle) of, 136, 151, 152–53; as
Sanatana Dharma
(Eternal Law), 135; Shiva (the destroyer), 132–33, 137, 153–57;
sruti
and
smrti
categories of scriptures, 140, 159; today’s political, 167–68; Upanishads of, 137, 140, 144–45, 149–50, 151; Vedas of, 134, 137, 139, 140, 141, 148; Vedic religion, 140–43, 144, 145–46;
Vrat Katha
tradition of, 159

Hindu nationalism, 167–68

Hindus: castes of, 142, 150; demographics of, 133; history of the, 135; holy man, 137–38; renouncers (
sannyasins
), 145–47, 162

Hindu Students Association, 168

Hindutva
(Hinduness) movement, 8, 143, 167–68

Hitchens, Christopher, 9, 19, 318, 320, 325, 326, 329

Hitler, Adolf, 17, 256, 272

Hobbes, Thomas, 299

Hoff, Benjamin, 283

Holiness movement, 87

Holley, Lonnie, 232–33

Holocaust, 10, 17, 256–57, 258, 272

Holy Communion (Christianity), 80, 81

homosexuality, 95–96

Hu Jintao, 122

Humanist Association of Canada, 325

Humanistic Judaism, 270–71

Husain (Muhammad’s grandson), 52

Huxley, Aldous, 5

“Hymn of the Primeval Man” (Rig Veda), 141–42

ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 53–54

Ibn Arabi, 61

I Ching (or Yijing), 102–3

Id al-Fitr (Islamic festival), 33–34

Ifa divination practice (Yoruba religion), 205, 213, 234–36

Ignatius of Loyola, 78

I Love Lucy
(TV series), 229

Imam (Sunni Muslim leader), 51–52

Incarnation doctrine (Christianity), 68, 331

Indra (Vedic god), 142

indulgences (Roman Catholic), 76

Indus Valley civilization, 138–39, 143

Inquisition (Christian), 69

Institute for Humanist Studies, 324

Interfaith Dialogue 2.0, 335–36

Interfaith Youth Core (IFYC), 336

International Federation of Secular Humanistic Jews, 271

International Monetary Fund, 63

International Society of Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON, or the Hare Krishnas), 51, 151–52

InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, 86

Introduction to the Devout Life
(Francis de Sales), 78

Iranian hostage crisis (1979–81), 25

Iranian Revolution (1979), 10, 25

Islam: “clash of civilizations” between Christianity and, 12, 54, 56, 98; demographics of followers of, 18–19; Five Pillars of, 31–34, 57–58, 60, 199; Islamism ideology of, 52–54;
jihad
(struggle) and, 34–36; making the case for preeminence of, 18–20; as missionary religion, 19; origins of, 39–40; Progressive Islam movement of, 20, 54–57; relationship between Christianity and, 96–97; Shariah (law) and, 49–50; Shia and Sunni divisions of, 12, 50–52; justice in, 42, 56–57; Sufism, 57–63, 109; Wahhabism theology of, 53–54; Western images of, 25–26.
See also
Muhammad; Muslims; Quran

Islamism ideology, 52–54

Israel: founding of modern state of (1948), 256; Zionism movement leading to modern state of, 268, 271–72

iyalawo
(mother of secrets), 204

Jackson, Phil, 176

Jade Emperor (Lord Heaven), 306–7

Jahannam
(hell) [Islam], 47

Jainism, 15, 172

Jakes, T. D., 93

Jantzen, Grace, 106, 286

Jefferson, Thomas, 84

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 82

Jennings, Ken, 203

Jerusalem: First Temple destruction in, 254, 261; Muslim-Christian struggles over, 97; Second Temple built in, 255; Second Temple destruction in, 255, 256, 261

Jesus Christ: biblical description of, 70, 71–73; Book of Mormon on, 41, 83; on casting sinners to hell, 47–48; comparing the Quran to, 39; “Great Commission” of, 85; Islamic beliefs related to, 37; number of books written about, 70–71; portrayed as Asian, African, or female, 94; questions raised by, 339; as transformer, 115; Trinity doctrine on, 36, 68–70, 84.
See also
God

Jesus
(film), 67

Jesus of the People
(McKenzie), 94

The Jewish Catalog,
276

Jewish with Feeling
(Schachter-Shalomi), 277

Jewish Renewal, 276–78

Jewish Renewal
(Lerner), 277

Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS), 269, 270

The Jew in the Lotus
(Kamenetz), 276

Jews: Ashkenazi, 247; covenants made between God and, 257–58; Ethiopian, 247; exile and return of, 253–57; global demographics of, 245; Holocaust and the, 10, 17, 256–57, 258, 272; death of Jesus used to justify persecution against, 35; Kaddish prayers for the dead by, 106, 252;
kippah
(Jewish head covering), 56, 268; as “people of the book,” 26, 57, 256; Quran on relations with Muslims, Christians, and, 48–49; Sephardic, 247, 250; Zionism and, 268, 271–72

jihad
(struggle) [Islam], 34–36

Jim Crow legislation, 11

jnana yoga
(Hindu discipline of wisdom)
,
137

Jodo Shu (Pure Land) Buddhist school, 191

John the Baptist, 75

John of the Cross, St., 5

Jones, Regina, 273

Jordan, Michael, 13

Joshua, 254

Judah (southern kingdom), 254–55

Judaism: on “arguing for the sake of God,” 4, 248–50; birth of, 239; community and memory as central to, 252–53; Conservative, 269; covenants made in, 257–58; demographics of modern, 245; dietary laws of, 259, 260; divisions within, 12, 251; exile and return narrative of, 253–57; feminist theology and role of women in, 272–73; filial piety importance in, 116; God of, 252–53; Hasidism, 268–69; Jewish Renewal movement of, 276–78; “Judaism of the dual Torah,” 262; Kabbalah, 217, 273–75; Kaddish prayer of, 106, 252, 266; Levitical codes and commandments of, 258–59; liberation and law traditions of, 257–60; life cycle rituals of, 266–67; Modern Orthodox, 268; narrative and law elements of, 243–45, 257–60;
Neviim
and
Ketuvim
text of, 244; Orthodoxy, 256, 266, 267, 268; Passover and major holidays of, 263–66; Reconstructionist and Humanistic, 270–71; Reform, 266, 267–68, 270; Sabbath and minor holidays of, 260, 262–63;
Shema
formula of, 251–52; worldwide influence of, 245–48

Judaism text: Haggadah reading, 265; Mishnah, 244, 267; read during Seders, 265–66; scriptures of, 244;
Shulchan Aruch,
250; Talmud, 244, 249–50, 251, 262, 273, 275; Tanakh, 244, 249, 253, 254, 257, 261–62, 275; Torah, 41, 140, 244, 258–59

Judeo-Christian-Islamic notion, 26–27

Judeo-Christian tradition, 26–27

Jude, St., 80

Julian of Norwich, 99

junzi
(exemplary person) [Daoism], 110

justice: Gita on
dharma,
161; Progressive Muslims on the struggle for, 54–55; Quran’s social themes concerning, 42, 56–57

Kabah shrine (Mecca), 34

Kabbalah Centre (Los Angeles), 274

Kabbalistic Judaism, 217, 273–75

Kaddish prayer (Judaism), 106, 252, 266

kali yuga
(degenerate age) [Hinduism], 11

Kallen, Horace, 249

Kamenetz, Rodger, 276

Das Kapital
(Marx), 125

Kaplan, Mordecai, 270, 271

The Karate Kid
(film), 282

karma (action), 147