God's Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World (43 page)

204.
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The subject matter ranges from routine administration:
James'S. Beddie, “The Berlin Document Center,” in Wolfe, ed.,
Captured German and Related Records,
pp. 131–142.
[>]
   
IBM’s German subsidiary . . . provided the Nazi government:
Black,
IBM and the Holocaust,
pp. 7–16.
[>]
   
“The physician examines the human body”:
Black,
IBM and the Holocaust,
p. 50.

205.
[>]
   
authorities are trying to figure out:
Wiebke Hollersen, “Former Stasi Headquarters Provide Headache for Berlin,”
Spiegel Online,
June 3, 2010.
[>]
   
At its peak, . . . the Stasi:
Andrew Curry, “Piecing Together the Dark Legacy of East Germany’s Secret Police,”
Wired,
January 2008.
[>]
   
“The daily activities of the spy world”:
Macrakis,
Seduced by Secrets,
p. 3.

206.
[>]
   
“In the walls of the cubicle there were three orifices”:
Orwell,
1984,
pp. 38–39.
[>]
   
Many of the shredded documents have since been reconstructed:
Douglas Heingartner, “Back Together Again,”
New York Times,
July 17, 2003; “Software to Reveal Stasi Secrets,” BBC News, May 10, 2007; Andrew Curry, “Piecing Together the Dark Legacy of East Germany’s Secret Police,”
Wired,
January 2008.

207.
[>]
   
a device called the “smell chair”:
Elizabeth Gudrais, “The Seductions of Snooping,”
Harvard
Magazine,
July–August 2008.

208.
[>]
   
began to modernize its apparatus of surveillance:
“Lords: Rise of CCTV Is a Threat to Freedom,”
The Guardian,
February 6, 2009.
[>]
“you’ve got nothing to fear”
: Daniel J. Solove, “Why Privacy Matters Even If ‘You’ve Got Nothing to Hide,’”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, May 15, 2011.

209.    
a nearly continuous video montage:
Mark Townsend, “The Real Story of 7/7,”
The Guardian,
May 7, 2006.
[>]
   
wide latitude to hold suspects for significant periods:
William Langewiesche, “A Face in the Crowd,”
Vanity Fair,
February 2008.

210.
[>]
   
too much public opposition:
S. A. Mathieson, “Minister Destroys National Identity Register,”
The Guardian
, February 10, 2011.
[>]
   
permitted to “self-authorize” the surveillance of British citizens:
Sarah Lyall, “Britons Weary of Surveillance in Minor Cases,”
New York Times,
October 25, 2009.
[>]
   
negotiate iris and palm scanners:
“Biometrics Screening for Olympics Workers,”
The Times
(London), March 5, 2008.
[>]
   
to cruise above Olympic venues:
“RAF Drones to Be Used for 2012 Olympics Security,”
Herald
(Scotland), January 9, 2008; “Expect the Drones to Swarm on Britain in Time for 2012,”
The
Guardian,
February 22, 2010.
[>]
   
a passageway that would scan people:
“Smiths Detection Moves Forward with Tunnel of Truth,”
Homeland Security Newswire,
November 3, 2006.
[>]
   
“The unsuspecting Britons”: Quoted in Eliot A. Cohen,
“History and the Hyperpower,”
Foreign Affairs
, vol. 83, no. 4 (2004), pp. 49–63.

211.
[>]
   
a national security advisor under Ronald Reagan:
The quotations here are drawn from a conversation with Admiral John Poindexter in November 2008.

212.
[>]
   
In a letter to the U.S. Senate:
“Palmer for Stringent Law,”
New York Times,
November 16, 1919. For background on the Palmer Raids, see Stanley Cohen, “A Study in Nativism: The American Red Scare of 1919–1920,”
Political Science Quarterly
, vol. 79, no. 1 (March 1964), pp. 52–75.
[>]
   
“There is no time to waste on hairsplitting”:
“The Red Assassins,”
Washington Post,
January 4, 1920.
[>]
   
“In the war in which we are now engaged”:
Muller,
American Inquisition,
p. 17.
[>]
   
provided assistance in tracking down:
J. R. Minkel, “Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II,”
Scientific American,
March 2007.
[>]
   
would leverage another cache of confidential data:
Herring,
America’s Longest War,
p. 279; John Sbardellati, “Power to Destroy: The Political Uses of the IRS from Kennedy to Nixon” (book review),
Journal of Cold War Studies
, vol. 7, no. 3 (2005), pp. 158–159.

214.
[>]
   
20 percent of all workers in the country:
Ralph'S. Brown, “Loyalty-Security Measures and Employment Opportunities,”
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,
April 1955.
[>]
   
“were authorized to use subterfuge”:
Theoharis and Cox,
The Boss,
pp. 312–313.
[>]
   
compiling a database of 1.5 million names:
Kathryn Olmsted, “Lapdog or Rogue Elephant?” in Theoharis et al.,
The Central Intelligence Agency,
pp. 189–230.
[>]
   
covert mail-opening program . . . infiltrated a broad range:
Athan Theoharis, “A New Agency: The Origins and Expansion of CIA Covert Activities,” in Theoharis et al.
, The Central Intelligence Agency,
pp. 155–188.
[>]
   
“dangerously indulgent attitude”:
Theoharis and Cox,
The Boss,
p. 328.
[>]
   
one out of eight Americans:
Theoharis and Cox,
The Boss,
pp. 4–5.
[>]
   
Congress passed the USA Patriot Act, which allows:
Larry Abramson and Maria Godoy, “The Patriot Act: Key Controversies,” National Public Radio, February 14, 2006.

215.
[>]
   
secretly given license to tap telephone conversations:
James Risen and Eric Lichtblau, “Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts,”
New York Times,
December 16, 2005.
[>]
   
run into trouble in the courts:
“Times Topics: Wiretapping and Other Eavesdropping Devices and Methods,”
New York Times,
October 19, 2010.
[>]
   
the euphemism for torture that the Roman Inquisition employed:
John Tedeschi, “The Status of the Defendant before the Roman Inquisition,” in Guggisberg, Moeller, and Menchi, eds.,
Kertzerverfolgung im 16. und frühen 17. Jahrhundert
, pp. 125–146.
[>]
   
Roughly 750 detainees:
“Times Topics: Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba),”
New York Times
, updated April 25, 2011.

216.
[>]
   
since the first prisoners arrived:
“The Guantánamo Docket: A History of the Detainee Population,”
New York Times
, updated June 13, 2011.

217.
[>]
   
known as Camp Justice:
Andrew O. Selsky, “Guantánamo’s Days Numbered, Tough Choices Ahead,” Associated Press, June 28, 2008; Charles D. Brunt, “N.M. General Says Detainees Make Camp Duty Difficult,”
Albuquerque Journal
, September 21, 2008; Chuck Bennett, “‘Camp Justice’ Is Ready to Roll,”
New York Post
, January 30, 2010.
[>]
   
only five detainees had made their way through the process:
David J. R. Frakt, “Mohammed Jawad and the Military Commissions of Guantanamo,”
Duke Law Journal: The Legal Workshop
, March 28, 2011.
[>]
   
frequency with which particular words have been employed:
http://googleblog.blogspot .com/2010/12/find-out-whats-in-word-or-five-with.html
.
[>]
   
“The Guantánamo Inquisition”:
http://www.commondreams.org/views03/1128-08.htm
.
[>]
   
“Guantánamo’s Inquisitors”:
http://pierretristam.com/Bobst/07/bb010307.htm#gu
.
[>]
   
“From the Inquisition to Guantánamo”:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/takomabibelot/ 384240795/
.

218.
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He was on his second voyage, with a fleet of seventeen ships:
Sale,
Conquest of Paradise,
pp. 128, 142.
[>]
   
looking for gold but found only fish:
Gott
, Cuba: A New History,
pp. 16, 39–40.
[>]
   
Under the terms of the lease:
Carol J. Williams, “Cuba Politics: US Base Serves Political Purpose,”
Los Angeles Times,
April 18, 2007.
[>]
   
to map in detail the rapid growth of Camp Delta:
Adrian Myers, “Camp Delta, Google Earth, and the Ethics of Remote Sensing in Archaeology,”
World Archaeology,
vol. 42, no. 3 (2010), pp. 455–467.

219.
[>]
   
modeled directly on “supermax” prisons in the United States:
Jeffrey Toobin, “Camp Justice,”
The New Yorker,
April 14, 2008.
[>]
   
“according to the custom and practice of Castile”:
Sale,
Conquest of Paradise,
p. 128.
[>]
   
not always clear why many of the detainees were there:
Charlie Savage, William Glaberson, and Andrew W. Lehren, “Classified Files Offer New Insights Into Detainees,”
New York Times,
April 24, 2011.
[>]
   
One of Francis Walsingham’s spies . . . observed a similar phenomenon:
Hutchinson,
Elizabeth’s Spymaster,
p. 96.

221.
[>]
   
“Detainee began to cry. Visibly shaken”:
Philippe Sands, “The Green Light,”
Vanity Fair,
May 2008.

222.
[>]
   
medical personnel . . . witnessed the questioning:
Vincent Iacopino and Stephen N. Xenakis, “Neglect of Medical Evidence of Torture in Guantánamo Bay: A Case Series,”
PLoS Medicine
, April 26, 2011; “‘Doctors’ at Gitmo,”
The Dish
, April 26, 2011.
[>]
   
improvised as best they could:
Philippe Sands, “The Green Light,”
Vanity Fair,
May 2008.
[>]
   
That assessment has never been documented:
David Rose, “Tortured Reasoning,”
VF.com
, December 16, 2008.
[>]
   
Michael V. Hayden . . . told Leon Panetta:
Woodward,
Obama’s Wars,
p. 60.

223.
[>]
   
This was the setting in which Stafford Smith:
The quotations here are drawn from a conversation with the author in June 2009.
[>]
   
agreed to an out-of-court settlement:
John F. Burns and Alan Cowell, “Britain to Compensate Former Guantánamo Detainees,”
New York Times,
November 16, 2010.

7. With God on Our Side

225.
[>]
   
“The Church has no fear of historical truth”:
Quoted in Richard Boudreaux, “Putting the Inquisition on Trial,”
Los Angeles Times
, April 17, 1998.
[>]
   
“We know you’re wishing that we’d go away”:
Quoted in Mazur,
Encyclopedia of Religion and Film
, p. 94.

226.
[>]
   
that had long been in a state of disrepair:
John Thavis, “No Place Like Home: Papal Apartments Get Extreme Makeover,” Catholic News Service, January 6, 2006.
[>]
   
the frescoed walls of what may have been her villa:
Alessandra Stanley, “‘God’s Parking Lot’ Is in Conflict With Rome’s Ancient Past,”
New York Times,
December 3, 1999.

227.
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official maps . . . architectural plans . . . Hebraic material:
Cifres and Pizzo,
Rari e Preziosi,
pp. 30–31, 64–105.
[>]
   
hard to believe that any volume in these two catalogues:
For a complete list of the works cited in the final edition of the Index of Forbidden Books, see
http://www.cvm.qc.ca/gconti/905/BABEL/Index%20Librorum%20Prohibitorum-1948.htm
.
[>]
   
Apparitions are reported more frequently than you might imagine:
Rick Rojas, “Church Affirms Virgin Mary Apparition in Wisconsin,”
Los Angeles Times,
December 15, 2010.

228.
[>]
   
dampen intellectual life:
Baldini and Spruitt,
Catholic Church and Modern Science,
vol. 1, p. 88
.
[>]
   
which declared ordinations by the Anglican Church:
The papal bull
Apostolicae Curae
(“On the Nullity of the Anglican Orders”) was promulgated on September 18, 1896.
http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo13/l13curae.htm

229.
[>]
   
“a tormented phase in the history of the Church”
: Pope John Paul II, Address to the International Symposium on the Inquisition, October 31, 1998.
[>]
   
“That’s not our favorite subject”:
Interview with David Kertzer, May 2001.

230.
[>]
   
The “pleasant surprises” that Cardinal Silvestrini was hoping for:
Bruce Johnston, “Vatican to Open Up Inquisition Archives,”
Daily Telegraph,
January 12, 1998.

231.
[>]
   
“the eye that never slumbered”:
Prescott,
History of the Reign of Philip II, King of Spain
, vol. 1, p. 446.
[>]
   
remembers the moment clearly:
Conversation with the author, February 2010.
[>]
   
help people . . . make a confession:
Kevin Jones, “New iPhone App Aims to Help Catholics Go to Confession,”
Catholic News Agency
, February 4, 2011.

232.
[>]
   
The process began with a pastoral letter:
Pope John Paul II, “
Tertio Millennio Adveniente
,” November 10, 1994; “As the Third Millennium Draws Near,”
L’Osservatore Romano,
November 14, 1994.
[>]
   
It continued in 1998 with the document:
Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews, “We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah,” March 16, 1998.
[>]
   
in a penitential service:
Alessandra Stanley, “Pope Asks Forgiveness for Errors of the Church Over 2,000 Years,”
New York Times
, March 13, 2000.
[>]
   
“Death to the butchers of the Inquisition!”:
Kertzer,
Prisoner of the Vatican,
pp. 265–267.
[>]
   
roses are frequently left:
Rory Carroll, “Vatican on Defensive as Italian Atheists Honour Their Martyr,”
The
Guardian,
February 17, 2000; John L. Allen, “The Unofficial Jubilee Year Guide to Rome,”
National Catholic Reporter,
October 20, 2000.
[>]
   
mounted a raucous reenactment:
Alessandra Stanley, “Honoring a Heretic Whom Vatican ‘Regrets’ Burning,”
New York Times,
February 17, 2000.
[>]
King Juan Carlos joined Israel’s president:
“Spanish Royal Couple Arrive Here Tomorrow,” Reuters, November 7, 1993.