Goebbels: A Biography (127 page)

95.
TB, 8, 14, 15, 16, and 17 July 1941.

96.
TB, 18 July 1941; see also the to some extent triumphant entries between the 19 and 24 July 1941; NS 18/194, Tiessler note for Bormann about Goebbels’s comments on the V Propaganda, 20 July 1941.

97.
BAB, NS 18/195.

98.
TB, 22 August 1941.

99.
MK, 28 August 1941; see also TB, 29 September 1941.

100.
TB, 23, 24, 28, and 29 August, 6, 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, and 24 September 1941.

101.
MK, 28 August 1941 (on Serbia). Manoschek,
“Serbien ist judenfrei,”
43ff.; Meyer, “ ‘[…] dass französische Verhältnisse anders sind als polnische’ ”; Weber,
Die Innere Sicherheit im besetzten Belgien und Nordfrankreich, 1940–1944
, 59ff.;
Die Okkupationspolitik des deutschen Faschismus in Dänemark und Norwegen (1940–1945). Dokumentenauswahl
, 33.

102.
TB, 24 September 1941 and entries between 29 September and 4 October 1941.

103.
Detlev Brandes,
Die Tschechen unter deutschem Protektorat
, vol. 1:
Besatzungspolitik, Kollaboration und Widerstand im Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren bis Heydrichs Tod
, vol. 1, 207ff.

104.
TB, 17 October 1941; already 3 October, and 11, 22 October, 5 and 18 November 1941.

105.
TB, 21, 23, and 24 October 1941.

106.
TB, 26, 29, and 30 October 1941; and 1 November 1941.

107.
Longerich,
Propagandisten
, 141f.

108.
TB, 12 August 1941. On the negotiations, see 13 and 24 August, 20, 23, and 28 September, 3, 4, 12, 18, 23, and 24 October 1941.

109.
Text in PAA, Kult. Gen. Geh. 11, vol. 4; see Longerich,
Propagandisten
, 143ff.; Reuth,
Goebbels
, 485. TB, 25 October 1941, on the conclusion of the agreement as well as 18, 22, and 27 November, 4 December on the further development of the relationship to the Foreign Ministry and his personal relationship to Ribbentrop.

110.
TB, 1 October 1941.

111.
Latour, “Goebbels’ ‘Außerordentliche Rundfunkmaßnahmen,’ ” 424; also TB, 21 October 1941.

112.
Latour, “Goebbels’ ‘Außerordentliche Rundfunkmaßnahmen,’ ” 427f. Significantly, after a conversation with Hitler, Goebbels claimed this draft as a Führer directive authorized by him: TB, 22 November 1941, and 27 November 1941.

113.
Latour, “Goebbels’ ‘Außerordentliche Rundfunkmaßnahmen,’ ” 428; on this whole issue, see Longerich,
Propagandisten
, 178ff.

114.
TB, 20–29 January 1942. See Longerich,
Propagandisten
, 177ff. On the Seehaus-Dienst, see, in particular, also Boelcke, “Das ‘Seehaus’ in Berlin-Wannsee”; Latour, “Goebbels’ ‘Außerordentliche Rundfunkmaßnahmen.’ ”

115.
As in his announcement at the Ministerial briefing of 24 January 1942. At the meeting with Hitler on 29 January he had this measure approved once more by the highest authority and to secure a “blank check” for his further actions, TB, 30 January 1942; he also referred his colleagues to the blank check, MK, 30 January 1942.

116.
Details in Longerich,
Propagandisten
, 181f.

117.
Directive from the Propaganda Minister with regard to the Seehaus, “on the orders of the Führer and with the consent of the Foreign Minister,” R 55/634. The decree was preceded by intensive negotiations (material ibid.); details in Longerich,
Propagandisten
, 182.

118.
Wehrmachtberichte
, vol. 1, 20 September 1941.

119.
TB, 20, 21, and 23 (middle position quotation) September 1941.

120.
BAB, NS 18/242, Goebbels’s instruction 12 September 1941.

121.
TB, 27 September 1941; on the very positive mood, see 25, 26, 27, and 28 September 1941.

122.
Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 1, p. 207.

123.
TB, 23 September 1941.

124.
Longerich,
Davon
, 171ff.

125.
Mitschrift der Reichspropagandaleitung, 25 September 1941, BAB, NS 18/188.

126.
BAK, ZSg 102/34.

127.
Longerich,
Davon
, 173ff.

128.
MK, 6 October 1941; TB, 7 October 1941.

129.
BAB, R 58/276, 24 October 1941, Runderlass des RSHA (published in Walk [ed.],
Das Sonderrecht für die Juden im NS-Staat
, Abschnitt IV, no. 257), is also available as Nuremberg Document L 152. “The Jewish party is in any case to be taken into protective custody in a concentration camp until further notice.”

130.
Klink, “Heer und Kriegsmarine,” 677ff.

131.
Domarus II
, 1758ff.; TB, 4 October 1941.

132.
TB, 5 and 9 October 1941.

133.
BAK, ZSg 109/26, VI of 9 October 1941; TB, 10 October 1941.

134.
TB, 11 October 1941, and 12 October 1941.

135.
TB, 15 October 1941.

136.
TB, 17 and 19 October 1941. Further on the positive mood: 26 October 1941.

137.
Ministerkonferenz, Mitschrift des Verbindungsmanns zur Parteikanzlei, Tiessler, 23 October 1941, BAB, NS 18 alt/622.

138.
MK, 27 October 1941.

139.
BAK, ZSg 109/26, 28, and 29 October 1941 (Roosevelt). On the carrying out of the campaign in the German press, see Longerich,
Davon
, 185.

140.
BAK, ZSg 109/26, VI of 26 October 1941.

141.
Details in Longerich,
Davon
, 187ff; TB, 31 October 1941.

1.
TB, 1 November 1941.

2.
TB, 2 November 1941.

3.
TB, 3 November 1941.

4.
TB, 4 November 1941. See
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, 30 October 1941, 2927f.

5.
TB, 6 November 1941.

6.
TB, 11 January 1942; see also 24 November, 7 December 1941, 3 January 1942.

7.
TB, 7 November 1941. On two reports on the situation on the Eastern Front, see 7 January 1942: “Such snapshots of morale emerge under the impression of a temporary situation or an actual event and if put down on paper would certainly no longer be taken seriously a year later by the people who are now composing them. […].”

8.
TB, 11 April 1942.

9.
Kessemeier,
Leitartikler
, 200f., on the further distribution of the articles. Goebbels even advocated special editions for the Party offices: TB, 26 October, 5 November 1941. There are special copies of his articles in, for example, the Institut für Zeitgeschichte, Munich.

10.
TB, 26 October 1941; also 15 November 1941.

11.
TB, 4 November 1941.

12.
VB
(B), 9 November 1941, “Wann oder Wie,” in Goebbels,
Das eherne Herz
, 78–84; TB, 30 October 1941 on the composition of his article.

13.
TB, 10 and 22 November 1941: “The Führer approves my view that we should gear our propaganda entirely to the need to take a tough line in our conduct of the war. My article ‘Wann oder wie?’ shows the way.” BAK, ZSg 102/35, 10 November 1941 (Fritzsche): “In our treatment of the Führer’s speech we should stick to the line taken by Dr. Goebbels in his recent article, the line of being determined and ready to fight at any price.”

14.
BAK, ZSg 102/35, 6 November 1941, 13; MK, 10 November 1941. Goebbels wrote of the “change of course” in propaganda initiated by his article.

15.
TB, 22 November 1941.

16.
TB, 5, 8, and 9 November 1941.

17.
TB, 11 November 1941.

18.
TB, 13 November. The entries over the coming days were similar in tone: 15, 16, 17, 20, and 21 November 1941.

19.
TB, 4 November 1941; “The Jews Are to Blame,” 16 November 1941, also in Joseph Goebbels,
Das eherne Herz
, 85–91.

20.
Goebbels,
Herz
. The passage on the “extermination” of the Jews is on p. 35.

21.
Details in Longerich,
Davon
, 192.
Meldungen aus dem Reich
reported the article
had met with a “strong response,” in particular the ten points at the end were considered “a clear call to action”:
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, 20 November 1941, 3005ff.

22.
TB, 11 and 13 November 1941.

23.
TB, 2 December 1941.

24.
TB, 7 December 1941, and MK, 7 December 1941.

25.
TB, 8 December 1941; see also 7 December 1941.

26.
MK, 7 December 1941. On the development of morale, see TB, 4, 7, 8, and 12 December 1941.
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, 1 December 1941, 3042f., 4 December 1942, 3059f., 8 December 1941, 3069f.

27.
TB, 9 December 1941.

28.
TB, 9 December 1941.

29.
TB, 10 December 1941.

30.
TB, 22 November 1941.

31.
Domarus II
, 1794ff.; Kershaw,
Hitler. 1936–1945
, 599ff.

32.
TB, 12 December 1941;
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, 15 December 1941, 3089.

33.
TB, 13 December 1941.

34.
MK, 12 December 1941.

35.
“Ruf zur Gemeinschaftshilfe. Aufruf zur Sammlung von Wintersachen für unsere Front,” 21 October 1942, in
Herz
, 131–37; TB, 21 December, and 20 December 1941. On the collection of winter clothing, see also MK, 20–22 December 1941.

36.
TB, 22 December 1941, and 25 and 27 December 1941.

37.
TB, 24 and 25 December 1941. On Christmas festivities, see TB, 2 and 4 December 1942, also 23 November 1942; MK, 4 December 1941.

38.
TB, 27 and 28 December (quotation), and 29 December on the poor situation on the Eastern Front.

39.
TB, 28 December 1941.

40.
Das Reich
, 28 December 1941, also in
Herz
, 145–51.

41.
MK, 1–15 January 1942.

42.
TB, 2 January 1942. This is also reflected in the
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, which, just as Goebbels had intended, subordinated critical questions from the population to the effects of the action: 5 January 1942, 3120, 8 January 1942, 3133, 12 January 1942, 3151f., 15 January 1942, 3163.

43.
TB, 11 (quotation), 12, and 15 January 1942.

44.
TB, 29 December 1941, on the special Ski campaign.

45.
MK, 2 January 1942.

46.
TB, 3 and 6 January 1942.

47.
MK, 5 January 1942: “The minister has ordered that the propaganda for the Ski campaign should be stopped without this change of policy, which is extremely embarrassing, being allowed to become apparent.”

48.
BAB, NS 18/463, Aktenvermerk des Gauwirtschaftsberaters des Gaus Tirol, 16 February 1942.

49.
See correspondence in BAB, NS 18/462 and 463.

50.
TB, 8 January 1942.

51.
TB, 20 January 1942.

52.
“Wandlung der Seelen,” 25 January 1942, and in
Herz
, 187–94; TB, 17 January 1942, also TB, 25 January: “My ideal too would be a tougher new policy.” MK, 12 January 1942: “The minister said it was necessary in future to take a rather tougher line toward the nation.”

53.
TB, 31 January 1942.

54.
TB, 29–31 January 1942.

55.
TB, 29 January 1942.

56.
TB, 25 September 1941.

57.
TB, 15 October 1941, and 16 October 1941.

58.
See the regular reports by Hinkel in BAB, R 55/1254, from 20 October 1941 onward.

59.
The programming was “now entirely geared to light entertainment and boosting morale,” which the public “are all in favor of.” TB, 7 November 1942, also 4 and 14 November 1942.

60.
TB, 14 January, 1, 2, and 3 February; also 4 February 1942, the radio was not popular enough; 8 and 9 February 1942: substantially reduces Glasmeier’s authority. A few months later Goebbels received Glasmeier and warned him to keep out of radio programming (TB, 27 June, and 31 July 1942 concerning a further conversation).

61.
TB, numerous entries between 13 and 22 February 1942.

62.
On 19 February he gave a two-hour speech to those responsible for devising the programs (BAB, R 55/695, TB, 20 February 1942). During the following weeks he gave instructions such as that “in the sphere of serious music no works should be performed that have not already proved themselves” or that the program “The German People’s Concert” should be made lighter by introducing well-known soloists, popular overtures, and so forth, or that “old classical religious music (organ music by Bach, Handel, etc.) should once again be” broadcast on Sunday mornings: BAB, R 55/695, 25 March 1942, 2 April 1942, 6 May 1942 and 696 (from June 1942).

63.
MK, 9 March 1942; see also 2 March 1942.

64.
TB, 13 February 1942.

65.
“Der treue Helfer,” also in
Herz
, 229ff.; the
VB
(B) of 1 March announced the reform in the report about a speech to the “film creators” (editorial); on the preparation of his article, see TB, 20 February; on the positive effects of the announced reform, see 3, 6, 11, and 12 March.

66.
TB, 3 March 1942; on the positive effects of the announced reform, see also 6, 11, and 12 March 1942.

67.
During the first weeks of the war against the Soviet Union Goebbels had still been looking at a number “of new great national film projects that are about to go into production” and the anti-Soviet films that had been withdrawn were once again allowed to be shown. TB, 15, 29, and 31 July 1941.

68.
TB, 7 September 1941, referring to the withdrawal of the film “Leichte Muse”; as also on 11 September 1941, when he saw the film “Das andere Ich.” See Moeller,
Filmminister
, 260ff.

69.
TB, 7 August 1941, and 17 November 1941.

70.
TB, 28 September 1941. Heß had already criticized it: 18 February 1941.

71.
TB, 30 December 1941.

72.
TB, 27 February 1942, and 13 February 1942.

73.
TB, 8 August 1941.

74.
TB, 9 January 1942.

75.
Decree of 28 February 1928, published in Albrecht,
Filmpolitik
, 529ff. On its drafting, see TB, 3, 8, 12, and 27 February 1942.

76.
Albrecht,
Filmpolitik
, 484ff., quotation 495. See TB, 1 March 1942.

77.
TB, 16 September 1942.

78.
TB, 13 January (“Zwei in einer großen Stadt”), 31 March (“Nacht in Venedig”), 2 May 1942 (“Die Kleine Residenz”), 1 July 1942 (“Weiße Wäsche”), 13 September 1942 (“Ein Zug fährt ab”), 9 October 1942 (“Wir machen Musik”), 30 November 1942 (“Wen die Götter lieben”).

79.
TB, 3 March 1942.

80.
MK, 1 March 1942. A week later he was discussing in similar detail the problem of how one could best control Jewish passengers who possessed the new special ID card, MK, 9 March 1942.

81.
TB, 7 March 1942. Literature on the Wannsee Conference: Gerlach, “Die Wannsee-Konferenz”; Longerich,
Die Wannsee-Konferenz vom 20. Januar 1942;
Roseman,
Die Wannsee-Konferenz
.

82.
Longerich,
Politik der Vernichtung
, 450ff., 504ff.

83.
TB, 27 March 1942. Only a week before he had spoken to Hitler about the “Jewish question” and discovered that the Jews “must be gotten out of Europe, if necessary by using the most brutal means” (TB, 20 March 1942).

84.
TB, 27 April 1942.

85.
Scheffler, “Der Brandanschlag im Berliner Lustgarten im Mai 1942 und seine Folgen,” 111. It is not clear, however, whether, as Goebbels claimed, he was responsible for these measures (TB, 25 May) or whether Hitler himself gave the order directly to Himmler or Heydrich (ibid., p. 106).

86.
TB, 24 May 1942; the attack is already referred to in the entry of 19 May, and the exhibition on 13 May 1942. See Scheffler, “Brandanschlag.” Apart from the Baum group the group around Joachim Franke and Werner Steinbrink were also involved in the attack. Scheer,
Im Schatten der Sterne
.

87.
TB, 13 January 1942.

88.
TB, 18 August, 28 October, 8 November; also 4 and 25 December 1942.

89.
That was to be done through a letter from the Party Chancellery and, as far as the Reich authorities were concerned, through a letter from Reich Minister Lammers: TB, 13 January 1942, and MK, 12 January 1942.

90.
MK, 22 January 1942.

91.
TB, 19 January 1942.

92.
TB, 11 and 16 February 1942.

93.
TB, 11 March 1942.

94.
TB, 23 January 1942, with a detailed plan. On the preparations for the action, see 24 and 28 January 1942. Material on the preparations for the action in BAB, R 43 II/371b: According to this, inter-ministerial meetings on the matter took place in the Propaganda Ministry on 9, 22, and 26 January 1942.

95.
Verordnung zur Ergänzung der Kriegswirtschaftsordnung vom 25. März 1942,
RGBl
. 1942 I, 147ff.; TB, 19 March 1942. The first draft of a “war decree” against price rigging and barter prepared by the Economics Ministry had by contrast satisfied his expectations (8 February 1942).

96.
“
Führer-Erlasse” 1939–1945
, Moll (ed.), no. 151, decree of 21 March. On the drafting and initial responses, see TB, 27 and 28 March 1942. The decree had already been approved by Hitler on 15 February 1942 (R 43 II/371b, Hadamovsky to Lammers, 16 February 1942).

97.
MK, 27 March 1942.

98.
TB, 31 March 1942; BAK, ZSg 102/37, 30 March 1942.

99.
MK, 14 February 1942; see also 26 March 1942: “If we push too hard here it may do more harm than good.”

100.
Also published in
Herz
, 257–64. On the background, see TB, 22, 23, 24 (quotation), and 27 March 1942; on the positive response to his article (which “came as a real relief”), see TB, 1 and 2 April 1942.

101.
TB, 30 and 31 March 1942.

102.
TB, 20 March 1942; for his own observations during a train journey, see 19 March 1942.

103.
TB, 23 March 1942.
VB
(B), 23 March 1942, “Wer zum Vergnügen reist, wird bestraft.” This warning was passed on by the press: BAK, ZSg 102/37, 22 March 1942: “DNB will carry a piece on the topic of ‘using the railways.’ It will make the point very clearly. […] Put it only on the inside pages but make it clearly visible.”

104.
TB, 24, 25, and 27 March 1942.

105.
TB, 16 and 24 April 1942. His anger was directed at Dorpmüller, the head of the Reich railways. On his dispute with Dorpmüller, see also TB, 27 April 1942.

106.
TB, 28 March 1942, on the appointment that was already scheduled for 13 March and which followed in the form of a Führer decree concerning a General Plenipotentiary for labor deployment of 21 March 1942,
RGBl
. 1942 I, 179.

107.
TB, 1 April 1942.

108.
TB, 27 April 1942.

109.
TB, 9 April 1942.

110.
TB, 11 April 1942.

111.
TB, 30 March 1942; on the bombing of Lübeck, see Gröhler,
Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland
, 36ff.

112.
TB, 30 March 1942, and 31 March to 4 April 1942.