Jefferson and Hamilton (86 page)

32
. Kurtz,
The Presidency of John Adams
, 400–401; AH to Charles Carroll of Carrollton, July 1, 1800,
PAH
25:2.

33
. JM to TJ, January 10, 1801,
PTJ
32:436–37. Webster’s and Troup’s quotations can be found in Ralph Adams Brown,
The Presidency of John Adams
(Lawrence, Kans., 1975), 185.

34
. Brown,
The Presidency of John Adams
, 185.

35
. TJ to Burr, December 15, 1800,
PTJ
32:307.

36
. TJ to Rush, December 14, 1800,
PTJ
32:306; Thomas McKean to TJ, December 15, 1800, ibid., 32:307–10; TJ to Charles Pinckney, November 4, 1800, ibid., 32:242–43. For a good account of Pennsylvania imbroglio, see Jacob E. Cooke,
Tench Coxe and the Early Republic
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1978), 380–89.

37
. TJ to JM, November 9, 1800,
PTJ
32:250; TJ to Randolph, December 5, 1800, ibid., 32:271.

38
. Charles Pinckney to TJ, December 6, 1800,
PTJ
32:279–80; Peter Freneau to TJ, December 2, 1800, ibid., 32:265–66; TJ to Thomas Mann Randolph, December 12, 1800, ibid., 32:300.

39
. TJ to JM, December 19, 1800,
PTJ
32:322.

40
. TJ to Burr, December 15, 1800,
PTJ
32:307; Burr to TJ, December 23, 1800, ibid., 32:342–43; Ferling,
Adams vs. Jefferson
, 178. For TJ’s residence in Washington, see
JMB
2:1031n.

41
. Michael A. Bellesiles, “ ‘The Soil Will Be Soaked with Blood’: Taking the Revolution of 1800 Seriously,” in James Horn et al., eds.,
The Revolution of 1800: Democracy, Race, and the New Republic
(Charlottesville, Va., 2002), 67; Bruce Ackerman,
The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy
(Cambridge, Mass., 2005), 41–45; James Gunn to AH, December 18, 1800,
PAH
25:263; Sedgwick to AH, January 10, 1801, ibid., 25:310–13; Gouverneur Morris to AH, January 16, 26, 1801, ibid., 25:324–25, 329–30; John Rutledge Jr. to AH, January 10, 1801, ibid., 25:308.

42
. AH to Wolcott, December 16, 1800,
PAH
25:257; AH to James Bayard, December 27, 1800, January 16, 1801, ibid., 25:276–77, 319–24; AH to John Rutledge Jr., January 4, 1801, ibid., 25:293–98; AH to James Ross, December 29, 1800, ibid., 25:280–81; AH to McHenry, January 4, 1801, ibid., 25:292.

43
. Cabot to AH, August 10, 1800,
PAH
25:64.

44
. The foregoing on Burr draws on Isenberg,
Fallen Founder
.

45
. AH to Bayard, April 6, 1802,
PAH
25:588.

46
. Burr to Samuel Smith, December 29, 1800, in Mary-Jo Kline and Joanne Wood Ryan, eds.,
Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr
(Princeton, N.J., 1983), 1:478–79. In the words of historian Joanne Freeman, Burr “left things open,” saying nothing about “
declining
the office if offered.” See Joanne B. Freeman, “A Qualified Revolution: The Presidential Election of 1800,” in Francis D. Cogliano, ed.,
A Companion to Thomas Jefferson
(Chichester, England, 2011), 145–163. The quote is on page 155 of Freeman’s essay.

47
. TJ to Randolph, January 23, 1801,
PTJ
32:500; TJ to Mary Jefferson Eppes, January 4, 1801, ibid., 32:391; TJ to Burr, February 1, 1801, ibid., 32:528; TJ, Anas (April 15, 1806), in Padover,
CTJ
1286–87.

48
. TJ to Eppes, February 15, 1801,
PTJ
32:593; TJ, Anas, (February 12, 14, 1801, January 26, 1804), in Padover,
CTJ
, 1282, 1285; AH to McHenry, January 4, 1801,
PAH
25:292–93; AH to Wolcott, December 16, 1800, ibid., 25:258; AH to Bayard, December 27, 1800, ibid., 25:277.

49
. There were problems with Georgia’s ballot, now thought to have been caused by carelessness or incompetence by those who certified the results in Savannah. Jefferson wisely, and correctly, concluded that the irregularities were due to frontier lawyers, and he counted the state’s votes for himself and Burr. Had he done otherwise, no one would have received a majority of the electoral votes, and the House would have had to pick the winner from the five candidates who had received electoral votes. See Ackerman,
Failure of the Founding Fathers
, 55–76.

50
. Baker, “ ‘An Attack Well Directed,’”
Journal of the Early Republic
31:555–56.

51
.
PTJ
, editorial note, 32:578n; Sharp,
Deadlocked Election of 1800
, 149–53; Ferling,
Adams vs. Jefferson
, 186–89.

52
. TJ to Monroe, February 15, 1801,
PTJ
32:594; TJ to JM, February 18, 1801, ibid., 33:16; TJ, Anas (April 15, 1806), in Padover,
CTJ
, 1286–87; Ackerman,
Failure of the Founding Fathers
, 87–88; James E. Lewis Jr., “‘What Is to Become of Our Government’: The Revolutionary Potential of the Election of 1800,” in Horn,
Revolution of 1800
, 20; Bellesiles, “ ‘The Soil Will Be Soaked with Blood,’ ” ibid., 65; James Roger Sharp,
American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis
(New Haven, Conn., 1993), 267–71; Sharp,
Deadlocked Election of 1800
, 153–56. The “factious foreigners” and “
fighting
bacchanals” quotations are in Ackerman,
Failure of the Founding Fathers
, 3.

53
. Quoted in Sharp,
Deadlocked Election of 1800
, 159.

54
. “Deposition of James A. Bayard,” April 3, 1806, in
Memoirs of Aaron Burr: With Miscellaneous Selections from His Correspondence
, Matthew L. David., ed. (New York, 1971), 2:122–33; John S. Pancake,
Samuel Smith and the Politics of Business, 1752–1839
(Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1972), 57; Franck A. Cassell,
Merchant Congressman in the Young Republic: Samuel Smith of Maryland, 1752–1839
(Madison, Wisc., 1971), 99–101; Bayard to Richard Bassett, February 16, 1801,
Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1913
(Washington, D.C., 1915), 126; Bayard to Samuel Bayard, February 22, 1801, ibid., 131–32; Morton Borden,
The Federalism of James Bayard
(New York, 1955), 84–93; Bayard to AH, March 8, 1801,
PAH
25:344. The Sedgwick quotation can be found in Ferling,
Adams vs. Jefferson
, 193.

55
. TJ, Anas (April 15, 1806),
CTJ
, 1287; Burr to Albert Gallatin, February 25, 1801, in Kline and Ryan,
Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr
, 1:509; Bayard to Allan McLane, February 17, 1801,
Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1913
, 128; “Deposition of Bayard,”
Memoirs of Burr
, 2:122–33; “Deposition of Samuel Smith,” ibid., 2:133–37.

56
. For a good introduction to the topic of TJ’s presidency, accompanied by an excellent bibliographical guide, see Robert M. S. McDonald, “The (Federalist?) Presidency of Thomas Jefferson,” in Cogliano,
A Companion to Thomas Jefferson
, 164–83.

CHAPTER 15: “THIS AMERICAN WORLD WAS NOT MADE FOR ME”: A GLORIOUS BEGINNING AND A TRAGIC END

Chernow,
AH
, 640–709; Cooke,
AH
, 225–43; Miller,
AH
, 533–76; Brookhiser,
AH
, 197–217.

1
. TJ to Henry Knox, April 8, 1800,
PTJ
31:488.

2
. Susan Dunn,
Jefferson’s Second Revolution: The Election Crisis of 1800 and the Triumph of Republicanism
(New York, 2004), 191; James Roger Sharp,
The Deadlocked Election of 1800: Jefferson, Burr, and the Union in the Balance
(Lawrence, Kans., 2010), 125. JA’s quote can be found in Thomas Froncek, ed.,
The City of Washington: An Illustrated History
(New York, 1977), 87.

3
.
JMB
2:1035. The quotation is in Dunn,
Jefferson’s Second Revolution
, 191. For a good description of the new capital, see David McCullough,
John Adams
(New York, 2001), 541–42, 550–51.

4
. John Ferling,
John Adams: A Life
(reprint, New York, 2010), 413.

5
. Malone,
TJ
, 4:29–32; Dunn,
Jefferson’s Second Revolution
, 213–17; David Waldstreicher,
In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776–1820
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1997), 187–93. The
Aurora
quotations can be found in McCullough,
John Adams
, 562.

6
. Editor’s note,
PTJ
33:134. The “femininely soft” voice quote is in Margaret Bayard Smith,
The First Forty Years of Washington
, ed., Gaillard Hunt (New York, 1906), 26.

7
. TJ, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1801,
PTJ
33:148–52. TJ’s two earlier drafts can be found in ibid., 33:139–47.

8
. Bernstein,
TJ
, 136.

9
. James Bayard to AH, March 8, 1801,
PAH
25:344; AH,
An Address to the Electors of the State of New-York
, March 21, 1801, ibid., 25:365.

10
. TJ to Gates, March 8, 1801,
PTJ
33:215; AH to Gouverneur Morris, February 29, 1802,
PAH
25:544; AH to Richard Peters, December 29, 1802, ibid., 26:69.

11
. AH to ESH, January 26, May 24, 1800,
PAH
24:220, 525; AH to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, December 29, 1802, ibid., 26:71; Burr to TJ, April 21, 1801,
PTJ
33:627.

12
. AH to ESH, January 26, [1800],
PAH
24:220.

13
. AH to Gouverneur Morris, February 29, 1802,
PAH
25:544.

14
. AH to William Cooper, September 6, 1802,
PAH
26:52; AH to Peters, December 29, 1802, ibid., 26:69.

15
. Editor’s note,
PAH
25:38–41.

16
. AH, Alexander Hamilton’s Explanation of His Financial Situation, [July 1, 1804],
PAH
26:289.

17
.
PAH
25:450.

18
. The eighteen essays of AH’s “The Examination,” published between December 17, 1801–April, 8, 1802, are interspersed between pages 453 and 597 in volume 25 of
PAH
.

19
. Quoted in Miller,
AH
, 542.

20
. Editor’s note,
PAH
25:436–38; AH to Benjamin Rush, March 29, 1802, ibid., 25:583–84; AH to John Dickinson, March 29, 1802, ibid., 25:583.

21
. TJ, Anas (April 15, 1806), in Padover,
CTJ
1286.

22
. AH to King, June 3, 1802,
PAH
26:13–14.

23
. AH to Gouverneur Morris, March 4, 1802,
PAH
25:559; AH to Bayard, April 6, [16–21], 1802, ibid., 25:588, 605.

24
. Quoted in Chernow,
AH
, 661.

25
. AH to King, February 24, 1802,
PAH
26:195.

26
. AH, Speech at a Meeting of Federalists in Albany, February 10, 1804,
PAH
26:187–90; AH to Harper, February 19, 1804, ibid., 26:191–92.

27
. Nancy Isenberg,
Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr
(New York, 2007), 243–56. The “nigger ball” quotation can be found in Chernow,
AH
, 675.

28
. Cooper’s two letters, which were published in the
Albany Register
in April, can be found in
PAH
26:243–46 and 244n.

29
. Burr to AH, June 18, 1804,
PAH
26:242–43.

30
. AH to Burr, June 20, 1804,
PAH
26:247–49.

31
. Burr to AH, June 21, 1804,
PAH
26:249–50.

32
. AH to Burr, June 22, 1804,
PAH
26:253–54.

33
. Burr to AH, June 22, 1804,
PAH
26:255–56.

34
. William P. Van Ness’s Narrative of Events, June 18–22, 21–22, 22, 22–23, 25, 26, 27–28, 1804,
PAH
26:241–42, 246–47, 249, 251–52, 254–55, 257–58, 261–62, 264, 267, 274–75; Nathaniel Pendleton’s Narrative of Events, June 22, 23, 23–25, 25, 27–28, 1804, ibid., 26:252, 259, 260, 263, 274–76; Aaron Burr, Instructions to Van Ness, June 22–23, 1804, ibid., 26:256–57; Burr to Van Ness, June 25, 26, 1804, ibid., 26:265, 266–67; Van Ness to AH, June 23, 1804, ibid., 26:257, 258; AH to Van Ness, June 23, 1804, ibid., 26:259; Van Ness, Disclaimer for AH Prepared by William P. Van Ness, June 25, 1804, ibid., 26:265–66; Pendleton, Nathaniel Pendleton’s First and Second Accounts of AH’s Conversation at John Taylor’s House, June 25, 1804, ibid., 26:260–61, 263; Pendleton to Van Ness, June 26, 1804, ibid., 26:270–71; Van Ness to Pendleton, June 27, 1804, ibid., 26:272–73. On Van Ness and Pendleton, see Thomas Fleming,
Duel: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and the Future of American Politics
(New York, 1999), 60, 125.

35
. Editor’s note,
PAH
26:240; Burr, Instructions to Van Ness, June 22–23, 1804, ibid., 26:157. On Burr’s advice to Monroe in 1797, see Roger G. Kennedy,
Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson: A Study in Character
(New York, 2000), 69.

36
. AH to Bayard, April 6, 1802,
PAH
25:587.

37
. AH to Bayard, April [16–21], 1802,
PAH
25:605.

38
. Quoted in Joanne B. Freeman,
Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic
(New Haven, Conn., 2001), 196.