King Charles II (107 page)

Charles II: birth,
(i)
,
(ii)
; mixed religious heritage,
(iii)
; ancestry,
(iv)
; baptism,
(v)
; loving childhood,
(vi)
; made Knight of Garter and Prince of Wales,
(vii)
; first public appearance,
(viii)
; his household,
(ix)
; traumatic incidents of youth,
(x)
; companionship of father,
(xi)
,
(xii)
; and effort to save Strafford,
(xiii)
; Parliament’s concern over his education,
(xiv)
; origins of devotion to father,
(xv)
; and Civil War issues,
(xvi)
; near capture at Edgehill,
(xvii)
,
(xviii)
; at other engagements,
(xix)
; given own Council,
(xx)
; nominal General of Western Association,
(xxi)
,
(xxii)
,
(xxiii)
; seduction by former nurse,
(xxiv)
; Council feuds,
(xxv)
; retreat to Cornwall,
(xxvi)
; question of refuge,
(xxvii)
; in Scillies and Jersey,
(xxviii)
; first recorded love affair,
(xxix)
; leaves for France,
(xxx)
; cool reception,
(xxxi)
; dependence on mother,
(xxxii)
; idleness and ‘gallantry’,
(xxxiii)
; refusal to accept royal role in place of father,
(xxxiv)
; attempt to join Scots,
(xxxv)
,
(xxxvi)
,
(xxxvii)
; new relationship with brother,
(xxxviii)
; in Holland,
(xxxix)
; descent on Thames,
(xl)
; promise to use Presbyterian form of service,
(xli)
,
(xlii)
; and naval unrest,
(xliii)
,
(xliv)
; return to Holland,
(xlv)
; growing authority in family,
(xlvi)
; attempt to rally forces,
(xlvii)
; move to Breda,
(xlviii)
; financial stringency,
(xlix)
,
(l)
; renewed Scots overtures,
(li)
; attempt to save father,
(lii)
; told of his execution,
(liii)
; proclaimed King in Jersey and Scotland,
(liv)
; cool reaction of European courts,
(lv)
; return to Jersey,
(lvi)
; negotiates with Scots,
(lvii)
; takes Oath of Covenant,
(lviii)
,
(lix)
,
(lx)
; in Scotland,
(lxi)
; attempt to escape Covenanter ‘captors’,
(lxii)
; coronation at Scone,
(lxiii)
; growing reputation,
(lxiv)
,
(lxv)
; decision to march on England,
(lxvi)
; crosses border,
(lxvii)
; defeat at Worcester,
(lxviii)
; escape and wanderings,
(lxix)
,
(lxx)
; and Catholic underground,
(lxxi)
,
(lxxii)
; dismisses entourage except Wilmot,
(lxxiii)
; hides in Boscobel Oak,
(lxxiv)
; embarks at Shoreham,
(lxxv)
; return to France,
(lxxvi)
; financial dependence on mother,
(lxxvii)
,
(lxxviii)
; declining stature,
(lxxix)
,
(lxxx)
,
(lxxxi)
,
(lxxxii)
; pension from France,
(lxxxiii)
,
(lxxxiv)
; departure from France,
(lxxxv)
; in Spa, Aachen and Cologne,
(lxxxvi)
; awaits recall to England,
(lxxxvii)
,
(lxxxviii)
,
(lxxxix)
; and conspirator groups,
(xc)
,
(xci)
; poverty,
(xcii)
,
(xciii)
; seeks Spanish assistance,
(xciv)
,
(xcv)
; promises on English Catholicism,
(xcvi)
; family division over religion,
(xcvii)
,
(xcviii)
; rumoured conversion in exile,
(xcix)
; removal to Bruges,
(c)
; alleged debauchery of Court,
(ci)
; efforts as romantic lover,
(cii)
,
(ciii)
; raises troops,
(civ)
; depths of depression,
(cv)
; move to Antwerp,
(cvi)
; learns of Cromwell’s death,
(cvii)
; abortive schemes to return,
(cviii)
; visit to Spain seeking Spanish and French support,
(cix)
,
(cx)
; rediscovers sister Henriette-Anne,
(cxi)
;
‘lowest ebb’ of hopes,
(cxii)
; negotiates with Monck and English Presbyterians,
(cxiii)
; letter to Parliament,
(cxiv)
,
(cxv)
; his Declaration of Breda,
(cxvi)
; accepts invitation to return as King,
(cxvii)
,
(cxviii)
; preparations and rejoicing at The Hague,
(cxix)
; departure,
(cxx)

Arrival and triumphant journey to London,
(i)
; Parliament’s addresses to,
(ii)
; cautious attitude,
(iii)
; and Restoration settlement,
(iv)
; and religious toleration,
(v)
; and rebuilding of royal paraphernalia,
(vi)
; and tastes of new age,
(vii)
; financial straits,
(viii)
; revival of Garter ceremony,
(ix)
,
(x)
; coronation,
(xi)
; question of marriage and succession,
(xii)
; marriage to Catharine,
(xiii)
; ‘Bedchamber Crisis’,
(xiv)
; amicable marriage relationship,
(xv)
,
(xvi)
,
(xvii)
; failure to produce heir,
(xviii)
,
(xix)
; opens new Parliament,
(xx)
; his Declaration of Indulgence rejected,
(xxi)
; wins favour by concern for sea and Navy,
(xxii)
,
(xxiii)
,
(xxiv)
; shares people’s dislike of Dutch,
(xxv)
,
(xxvi)
,
(xxvii)
,
(xxviii)
; declares war,
(xxix)
,
(xxx)
; his image damaged by Dutch War,
(xxxi)
,
(xxxii)
,
(xxxiii)
,
(xxxiv)
; inclined to peace,
(xxxv)
,
(xxxvi)
; courage and energy during Great Fire,
(xxxvii)
; and replanning of London,
(xxxviii)
; humiliating peace with Dutch,
(xxxix)
; dismisses Clarendon,
(xl)
; favours new advisers and better parliamentary management,
(xli)
; determination to rule,
(xlii)
,
(xliii)
,
(xliv)
; political contrast and conflict with James,
(xlv)
; secretive behaviour over religion,
(xlvi)
,
(xlvii)
; achieves Triple Alliance,
(xlviii)
,
(xlix)
; financial problems,
(l)
,
(li)
,
(lii)
,
(liii)
; agrees to Union of 1670,
(liv)
; seeks French alliance,
(lv)
; aim at greatness abroad and security at home,
(lvi)
,
(lvii)
,
(lviii)
; contempt for Commons,
(lix)
; secret treaty with France,
(lx)
,
(lxi)
,
(lxii)
; accepts French subsidies,
(lxiii)
,
(lxiv)
,
(lxv)
,
(lxvi)
,
(lxvii)
,
(lxviii)
,
(lxix)
,
(lxx)
,
(lxxi)
; Court’s reputation for debauchery,
(lxxii)
,
(lxxiii)
; growing disgust with Parliament,
(lxxiv)
,
(lxxv)
,
(lxxvi)
; stops Exchequer payments,
(lxxvii)
,
(lxxviii)
; his Declaration of Indulgence,
(lxxix)
; renews Dutch War,
(lxxx)
,
(lxxxi)
,
(lxxxii)
; Declaration of Indulgence cancelled,
(lxxxiii)
,
(lxxxiv)
; forced to assent to Test Act,
(lxxxv)
; increasing tension,
(lxxxvi)
,
(lxxxvii)
,
(lxxxviii)
,
(lxxxix)
; forced to conclude Dutch War,
(xc)
; new secret treaties with Louis XIV,
(xci)
,
(xcii)
; refusal to declare war on France,
(xciii)
,
(xciv)
,
(xcv)
,
(xcvi)
; growing difficulties with Parliament,
(xcvii)
,
(xcviii)
,
(xcix)
,
(c)
,
(ci)
,
(cii)
,
(ciii)
; danger of assassination,
(civ)
; and agitation over Popish Plot,
(cv)
,
(cvi)
,
(cvii)
; defends Catharine against accusations,
(cviii)
,
(cix)
,
(cx)
; dissolves Parliament,
(cxi)
; opposes Exclusion,
(cxii)
,
(cxiii)
,
(cxiv)
,
(cxv)
,
(cxvi)
,
(cxvii)
; institutes new type of Council,
(cxviii)
,
(cxix)
; reconsiders means of ruling without Parliament,
(cxx)
; dissolves it,
(cxxi)
; political effect of sudden illness,
(cxxii)
; refuses to meet new Parliament,
(cxxiii)
; denies rumour of marriage to Lucy Walter,
(cxxiv)
; calls in municipal charters,
(cxxv)
,
(cxxvi)
,
(cxxvii)
; increasing boldness and severity,
(cxxviii)
,
(cxxix)
; abandons appeasement policy,
(cxxx)
,
(cxxxi)
; removes Parliament to Oxford,
(cxxxii)
; placatory opening speech,
(cxxxiii)
; snaring of Whigs,
(cxxxiv)
; abrupt dissolution of Parliament,
(cxxxv)
; happy family life in last years,
(cxxxvi)
; rule without Parliament,
(cxxxvii)
,
(cxxxviii)
; financial retrenchment,
(cxxxix)
; consolidates political base,
(cxl)
; as ‘father of his people’,
(cxli)
,
(cxlii)
; and assassination plot,
(cxliii)
; life-style,
(cxliv)
; tranquil last year,
(cxlv)
,
(cxlvi)
; final illness,
(cxlvii)
; deathbed conversion to Catholic faith,
(cxlviii)
; farewells to family,
(cxlix)
,
(cl)
; death,
(cli)
; lying-in-state and burial,
(clii)

Appearance
:
(i)
,
(ii)
,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
; eyes,
(viii)
; hair,
(ix)
,
(x)
,
(xi)
; lined face,
(xii)
,
(xiii)
; moustache,
(xiv)
; mouth, sensual,
(xv)
; nose,
(xvi)
; swarthy complexion,
(xvii)
,
(xviii)
,
(xix)
; exceptional height,
(xx)
,
(xxi)
,
(xxii)
,
(xxiii)
; ‘ugliness’,
(xxiv)

Artistic interests
:
(i)
; architecture,
(ii)
; building,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
; collections,
(vii)
,
(viii)
; fortifications,
(ix)
,
(x)
,
(xi)
; garden and park planning,
(xii)
,
(xiii)
,
(xiv)
,
(xv)
; music,
(xvi)
; paintings,
(xvii)
,
(xviii)
,
(xix)
; redecoration,
(xx)
,
(xxi)
; singing,
(xxii)
; theatre,
(xxiii)
,
(xxiv)
,
(xxv)
; town-planning,
(xxvi)

Charles II –
contd

Character
:
(i)
,
(ii)
; affability,
(iii)
,
(iv)
,
(v)
,
(vi)
,
(vii)
; affectionate nature,
(viii)
,
(ix)
,
(x)
,
(xi)
; benevolence and concern for distressed,
(xii)
,
(xiii)
,
(xiv)
; ceremonial and display,
(xv)
,
(xvi)
,
(xvii)
,
(xviii)
,
(xix)
,
(xx)
,
(xxi)
; children, acknowledgement of and affection for his,
(xxii)
,
(xxiii)
,
(xxiv)
,
(xxv)
,
(xxvi)
,
(xxvii)
,
(xxviii)
,
(xxix)
,
(xxx)
; civility,
(xxxi)
; claustrophobia,
(xxxii)
; courage,
(xxxiii)
,
(xxxiv)
,
(xxxv)
,
(xxxvi)
,
(xxxvii)
,
(xxxviii)
,
(xxxix)
,
(xl)
,
(xli)
,
(xlii)
,
(xliii)
,
(xliv)
,
(xlv)
; deceptiveness,
(xlvi)
,
(xlvii)
,
(xlviii)
,
(xlix)
,
(l)
; delaying tactics,
(li)
,
(lii)
,
(liii)
; determination,
(liv)
,
(lv)
,
(lvi)
; diplomacy,
(lvii)
,
(lviii)
,
(lix)
,
(lx)
,
(lxi)
; dogs (spaniels), love of,
(lxii)
,
(lxiii)
; ‘easiness’,
(lxiv)
,
(lxv)
; extravagance, alleged,
(lxvi)
,
(lxvii)
,
(lxviii)
; filial devotion,
(lxix)
,
(lxx)
,
(lxxi)
,
(lxxii)
,
(lxxiii)
,
(lxxiv)
,
(lxxv)
; ‘gallantry’,
(lxxvi)
,
(lxxvii)
; good nature,
(lxxviii)
,
(lxxix)
,
(lxxx)
; gratitude,
(lxxxi)
,
(lxxxii)
; gravity,
(lxxxiii)
; hedonism
(lxxxiv)
; horses, love of,
(lxxxv)
; inscrutability,
(lxxxvi)
; intellectual curiosity,
(lxxxvii)
,
(lxxxviii)
; intrigue,
(lxxxix)
; jealousy,
(xc)
,
(xci)
; ‘knowledge, great compass of’,
(xcii)
; laziness, apparent,
(xciii)
,
(xciv)
,
(xcv)
; London, love of,
(xcvi)
; melancholia,
(xcvii)
,
(xcviii)
,
(xcix)
,
(c)
,
(ci)
,
(cii)
; mercifulness,
(ciii)
,
(civ)
,
(cv)
,
(cvi)
; occasion, sense of,
(cvii)
; patriotism, alleged lack of,
(cviii)
; pessimism in later life,
(cix)
,
(cx)
; physical energy,
(cxi)
,
(cxii)
,
(cxiii)
,
(cxiv)
; pragmatism,
(cxv)
,
(cxvi)
,
(cxvii)
,
(cxviii)
,
(cxix)
,
(cxx)
,
(cxxi)
; recklessness,
(cxxii)
,
(cxxiii)
; royal formality, aversion to,
(cxxiv)
; reserve,
(cxxv)
; resilience,
(cxxvi)
,
(cxxvii)
,
(cxxviii)
,
(cxxix)
; revolution, fear of,
(cxxx)
,
(cxxxi)
,
(cxxxii)
,
(cxxxiii)
,
(cxxxiv)
,
(cxxxv)
; sea, love of,
(cxxxvi)
,
(cxxxvii)
,
(cxxxviii)
,
(cxxxix)
; sensitivity, degenerating,
(cxl)
; severity,
(cxli)
; sexual nature and exploits,
(cxlii)
,
(cxliii)
,
(cxliv)
,
(cxlv)
,
(cxlvi)
,
(cxlvii)
,
(cxlviii)
,
(cxlix)
,
(cl)
,
(cli)
,
(clii)
,
(cliii)
,
(cliv)
,
(clv)
; shoes, attention to,
(clvi)
n,
(clvii)
,
(clviii)
; sober speech,
(clix)
; stammer,
(clx)
,
(clxi)
; tact,
(clxii)
,
(clxiii)
; temperance,
(clxiv)
; vacillation,
(clxv)
,
(clxvi)
,
(clxvii)
; walk,
(clxviii)
,
(clxix)
,
(clxx)
,
(clxxi)
,
(clxxii)
; wit,
(clxxiii)
,
(clxxiv)
,
(clxxv)
,
(clxxvi)
,
(clxxvii)
,
(clxxviii)