Marcus Agrippa: Right-hand Man of Caesar Augustus (79 page)

148
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.169: ‘
Μᾶρκος Ἀγρίππας Κυρηναίων ἄρχουσιν βουλῇ δήμῳ χαίρειν. οἱ ἐν Κυρήνῃ Ἰουδαῖοι, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἤδη ὁ Σεβαστὸς ἔπεμψεν πρὸς τὸν ἐν Λιβύῃ στρατηγὸν τόντε ὄντα Φλάβιον καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους τοὺς τῆς ἐπαρχίας ἐπιμελουμένους, ἵνα ἀνεπικωλύτως ἀναπέμπηται τὰ ἱερὰ χρήματα εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, ὡς ἔστιν αὐτοῖς πάτριον, ἐνέτυχόν μοι νῦν, ὡς ὑπό τινων συκοφαντῶν ἐπηρεαζόμενοι καὶ ὡς ἐν προφάσει τελῶν μὴ ὀφειλομένων κωλύοιντο: οἷς ἀποκαθιστάνειν κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον ἐνοχλουμένοις, καὶ εἴ τινων ἱερὰ χρήματα ἀφῄρηνται τῶν πόλεων τοὺς εἰς ταῦτα ἀποκεκριμένους καὶ ταῦτα διορθώσασθαι τοῖς ἐκεῖ Ἰουδαίοις κελεύω
.’

149
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.165.

150
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.173: ‘
ᾔτουν τε, ὅπως κἀγὼ ὁμοίως τοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ καὶ Ἀγρίππα δοθεῖσιν τὴν ἐμὴν γνώμην βεβαιώσω. ὑμᾶς οὖν βούλομαι εἰδέναι ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ καὶ Ἀγρίππα βουλήμασιν συνεπιτρέπειν αὐτοῖς χρῆσθαι καὶ ποιεῖν κατὰ τὰ πάτρια χωρὶς ἐμποδισμοῦ
.’ The decree dates to 4 BCE.

151
.
CIG
9907.

152
. Eresos:
IGR
4.7 =
IG
12.2.531; Argos: ‘Property of the Gerontes: Agrippa greets the Gerontes of Argos, descendants of Danaus and Hypermestra. I am aware from the information with which I have been provided of the reason for the continuation of your system and the preservation of your ancient honors, and I have restored many of your rights which had lapsed and for the future I am able to provide and care for you …’ – translation taken from K. Chisholm and J. Ferguson,
Rome: The Augustan Age
, Oxford (1981), pp. 132, 134–35.

153
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.86.

154
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.66–77.

155
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.78–86.

156
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.85–86).

157
. Dio 54.28.1.

158
. See Ryberg (1949), p. 84.

159
. Dio 54.12.4–5; cf. Vell. Pat., 2.90.1;
RG
6 and 30–31; Suet.,
Div. Aug
. 27.5;
CIL
III.494, VI.32323.53, IX.3150, 3913;
IG
12.5.740.

160
. Dio 54 index.

161
. Dio 54.28.1;
CIL
XIV.2230. See J.A. Crook, ‘Political History: 30 B.C.–A.D. 14’ in A.K. Bowman, E. Champlin and A. Lintott (eds),
Cambridge Ancient History
, Vol. 10, p. 97. See also Gray (1970), pp. 227–238.

162
. E.g.
BMCRE
I 103, I 110, I 112–114 – see Sources 2(b).)

163
. Dio 54.32.2. For a full discussion of Drusus’ campaign of 12 BCE see Powell (2011), pp. 68–80.

164
. Vell. Pat. 2.96.2–3.

165
. Agrippa Postumus was conceived in October 13 BCE.

166
. Dio 54.28.1–2; Vell. Pat. 2.96.2.

167
. Dzino (2012), p. 470, citing S. Dušcanić (2008).

168
. Florus 2.24 mentions one Vinnius – presumably Vinicius – winning a victory over the Pannonians between the Drava and Sava rivers.

169
. Dio 54.28.2–3 = Zonar. 10.34. Dio specifically states
Καμπανίᾳ
.

170
. Dio 54.28.2 ‘
καὶ μηδὲν ἔτι νεωτερισάντων ἐπανῆλθε, καὶ ἐν αμπανίᾳ γενόμενος ἐνόσησε
’ = Zonar. 10.34.

171
. Syme (1939), p. 391, proposes Agrippa was simply ‘shattered by a winter in Pannonia’.

172
. Dio 54.28.3: ‘
πυθόμενος δὲ τοῦτο ὁ Αὔγουστος ῾ἔτυχε δὲ ἐν τοῖς Παναθηναίοις ὁπλομαχίας ἀγῶνας τῷ τῶν παίδων ὀνόματι τιθείσ᾽ ἐξωρμήθη
.’

173
.
RG
10: Augustus assumed the position on the death of Lepidus who held the office even while banished from Rome. Ov.,
Fast
. 3.419–420 (on 6 March): ‘
Caesaris innumeris, quos maluitille
mereri, | accessit titulus pontificalis honor
’;
Fasti Maffeiani
,
CIL
I
²
.223: ‘
hoc die Caesar pontifex maximus factus est
’;
Fasti Praenestini
,
CIL
I
²
.223: ‘[
Quir
]
inio et Valgio coss
’.
Inscriptiones Italiae
13 2: 34–5 entry for 23 September 12 BCE.

174
. For the case for Augustus in Athens see Hoff (1989), pp. 267–276; for the case against see Habicht (2005), pp. 226–228. On
quinquatria Minervae
, which was originally sacred to Mars, see Suet.,
Domitianus
4.4.

175
. Dio 54.28.3.

176
. Dio 54.28.2.

177
. Vell. Pat. 2.96.1; Tac.,
Ann
. 3.56.3; Livy,
Per
. 138.2; Pliny,
Nat. Hist
. 7.46.

Chapter 8: Noblest Man of His Day

1
. Dio 54.29.7, 54.29.1–3.

2
. Dio 54.28.5: ‘Now Augustus not only did what I have recorded, but also had the funeral procession of Agrippa conducted in the manner in which his own was afterward conducted’ – ‘
τοῦτό τε οὖν οὕτως ἔδρασε, καὶ τὴν ἐκφορὰν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ τρόπῳ ἐν ᾧ καὶ αὐτὸς μετὰ ταῦτα ἐξηνέχθη ἐποιήσατο
.’

3
. Flower (1996), p. 2, notes that the death mask is not to be confused with the
imago
made during life.

4
. Paoli (1973), p. 128.

5
. Dio 54.28.3: ‘
καὶ καταλαβὼν αὐτὸν τεθνηκότα ἔς τε τὸ ἄστυ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἐσεκόμισε καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ προέθηκε
.’

6
. Suet.,
Div. Aug
. 100.2.

7
. Cf. Polybios 6.53.8;
Consolatio ad Liviam
177.

8
. Dio 54.28.3.

9
. Paoli (1973), p. 129. The date of the funeral is not known.

10
. Paoli (1963), p. 128.

11
. Paoli (1973), p. 129.

12
. At the funeral of Octavia the Elder Drusus the Elder spoke from here (Dio 54.34.5), and Drusus the Younger spoke on the same spot on the occasion of Augustus’ (Suet.,
Div. Aug
. 100.3).

13
. Augustus as pontifex maximus:
Inscriptiones Italiae
13 2: 34–5. Curtain: Dio 54.28.4.

14
. See
http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/NRWakademie/papyrologie/Karte/VI_249.html
.

15
. For discussions of the difficulties of reconstructing the Latin original from the Greek translation see Haslam (1980), pp. 193–199 and Badian (1980), pp. 97–109.

16
. Papyrus: P. Köln 249, I 10 4701 – translated by David Potter: ‘
ἡ
[
γ
]
όρ τοι δημαρχική σοι ἐξουσὶα εὶς πέν- | τε ἔτη κατὰ δόγμα συνκλἡτου | Λἐντ kλlων ῦπατευόντων ἐδόθη καὶ | πὰλιν αὕτη εὶς ἄλλην Ὀλυμπιάδα |
[
ῦ
]
πατευόντωίας Τιβερὶου Nέρωνος | καὶ Kυιν kτι lλὶου Oῦόρου γμβρὠν τὠν | σὠν προσεπεδόθη. καὶ εὶς
{
ς
}
ἄς δἡπο- | τἐ σε ῦπαρχείας τὰ κοινὰ τὠν Ῥω- | μαἰων ἐφέλκοιτο, μηθενὸς ἐν ἐ- | κείναις ἐξουσὶαν μείζω kεἴναι l τῆς σῆς ἐν | νόμωι ἐκυρὠθη. ὰλλὰ σὐ εἴς πλεῖστον | ὑψους καὶ ὴμετἐραι
[
σ
]
πυδῆι καὶ ὰρε- | ταἴς ίδίαις
{
ίδίαις
}
κα
[
θ
]
ὸμοφοσὑνην συμ- | πἀντων ἄνθρὠπων δια
{
ι
}
ρἀμενος
.’ Suet.,
Div. Aug
. 86.1 remarks that Augustus developed a ‘style of speaking that was chaste and elegant … making it his chief aim to express his thought as clearly as possible’, which is evidenced by the
laudatio
.

17
. Suet.,
Div. Aug
. 100.3.

18
. Suet.,
Div. Aug
. 100.3

19
. Dio 54.29.6.

20
. Dio 53.30.5.

21
. Strab.,
Geog
5.3.8: ‘
ἐν μέσῳ δὲ τῷ πεδίῳ ὁ τῆς καύστρας αὐτοῦ περίβολος καὶ οὗτος λίθου λευκοῦ, κύκλῳ μὲν περικείμενον ἔχων σιδηροῦν περίφραγμα, ἐντὸς δ᾽ αἰγείροις κατάφυτος
.’

22
. Paoli (1973), pp. 131–132.

23
. Dio 54.28.5.

24
. Dio 54.29.7: ‘
οὕτω γοῦν οὐκ ἴδιον τοῦτο τὸ πάθος τῇ τοῦ Ἀγρίππου οἰκίᾳ ἀλλὰ καὶ κοινὸν πᾶσι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἐγένετο, ὥστε καὶ σημεῖα ὅσα πρὸ τῶν μεγίστων συμφορῶν
[p. 360]
συμβαίνειν σφίσιν εἴωθε, καὶ τότε συνενεχθῆναι. βύαι τε γὰρ τῇ πόλει διεφοίτησαν, καὶ κεραυνὸς ἐς τὴν ἐν τῷ Ἀλβανῷ οἰκίαν, ἐς ἣν οἱ ὕπατοι ἐν ταῖς ἱερουργίαις καταλύουσιν, ἐνέσκηψε
.’

25
. Dio 54.29.8: ‘
τό τε ἄστρον ὁ κομήτης ὠνομασμένος ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἡμέρας ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἄστεως αἰωρηθεὶς ἐς λαμπάδας διελύθη. καὶ πυρὶ ἄλλα τε τῆς πόλεως συχνὰ καὶ ἡ τοῦ Ῥωμύλου σκηνὴ ἐκαύθη, κοράκων κρέα ἐς αὐτὴν ἐκ βωμοῦ τινος ἔμπυρα ἐμβαλόντων
.’ Chinese annals record the visit of a comet from 26 August 12 BCE: see Williams (1871), pp. 9–10. The Hut of Romulus (
casa Romuli
) was the home of the legendary founder of Rome on the Palatine Hill. The fire of 12 BCE is the last recorded at the site.

26
. Dio 54.30.1: ‘
οὕτω μὲν τὰ κατὰ Ἀγρίππαν ἐγένετο
.’

27
. Dio 54.29.4.

28
. Dio 54.29.4–5.

29
. Dio 54.29.4.

30
. Acastus Agrippianus: (
CIL
VI.5849); Castor Agrippianus: (
CIL
VI.5223); Cozmus Agrippianus: (
CIL
VI.2020–5203); Philargrus Agrippianus: (
CIL
VI.8012); Philotimus Agrippianus: (
CIL
VI.4808); Servius Agrippianus: (
CIL
VI.5299); Zoilus Agrippianus (
CIL
VI.33768, 8756). A steward (
dispensator
) Coinnagus Atticus Agrippianus is also recorded (
CIL
VI.8820).

31
. See Reinhold (1933), p. 130 n. 30.

32
.
BMCRE
I 121; Cohen 1.121, no. 418; Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 35, figs. 86–87.

33
.
BMCRE
I 122; Cohen 1.121, no. 418; Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 35, figs. 88–89.

34
.
BMCRE
I 124; Cohen 1.121, no. 419; Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 35, figs. 90–91. The star may be a reference to the comet which appeared after Agrippa’s funeral – see
note 25
above.

35
. Dio 54.29.6. Tiberius celebrated games for his father and grandfather in the Forum and in an amphitheatre: Suet.,
Tib
. 7.1.

36
. Dio 54.29.6.

37
. Fragments of the altar were discovered in the silt in 1568 and reassembled under Benito Mussolini in 1938. A controversial cover building designed by Richard Meier and opened in 2006 now houses the Ara Pacis.

38
. Dio 55.26.4–5.

39
. Augustus assigned the aediles’ responsibility for the fire service to the
vicomagistri
. See Diane Favro, ‘
Pater urbis
: Augustus as City Father of Rome’,
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
51.1 (Mar., 1992), pp. 76–79.

40
. Pliny,
Nat. Hist
. 3.17.

41
. Pliny,
Nat. Hist
. 6.139.

42
. Dio 55.8.4.

43
. E.g. Pliny,
Nat. Hist
. 6.139.

44
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 16.4.1.

45
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 13.13.3;
Bell. Iud
. 1.4.2, 5.4, 21.8.

46
. Joseph.,
Ant. Iud
. 17.2.2, 18.5.1.

47
.
IGR
4.79g =
IG
12.2.164;
IGR
4.65b =
IG
12.2.169;
IGR
4.69 =
IG
12.2.170;
IGR
4.78a =
IG
12.2.172.

48
.
Bulletin de Correspondence Hellénique
5 (1881), 230–231 and 234–235.

49
.
ILS
8897: construction work on the agora was finished around 4–3 BCE. Statues were also erected of Augustus and Livia.

50
. Apameia:
RPC
2011; see Ilaria Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 31, figs. 68–69 and 70–71. Alabanda:
RPC
2816, Cohen 1.187, Ilaria Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 30, figs. 64–65. Amisus:
RPC
2149, Ilaria Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 31, figs. 72–73. Agrippia-Phanagoria:
RPC
935, Ilaria Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 29, figs. 60–61. Zecca:
RPC
1685, Ilaria Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 29, figs. 56–59. Knossos:
RPC
976; Ilaria Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 29, figs. 54–55. Crete/Cyrene:
RPC
942, Ilaria Romeo,
Ingenuus Leo
(1998), p. 28, figs. 52–53.

51
. Inscription of Antonia Tryphaena,
IGR
4.146.7–8. Cf. Dio 54.23.7 where he claims Augustus was the restorer.

52
. DuPont (1992), p. 91.

53
. Duncan Fishwick,
The Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire
Volume 1 (Brill Publishers, 1991), pp. 82–83.

54
.
CIL
X.3691, X.3691a (Cumae).

55
.
Eυεργέτης
: IG 12.2.203.

56
.
Θεός Σωτήρ
:
IGR
4.70a =
IG
12.2.171,
IG
12.2.166c, 12.2.168 and 12.2.171 where Agrippa is associated with Agrippa Postumus: see Rodaz (1984), pp 4453–444. For discussion of a recently identified inscription see Christian Habicht, ‘Marcus Agrippa
Theos Soter
’,
Hyperboreus
11 (2005), pp. 242–246.