Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power (58 page)

5.
G. B. Souza, “Maritime Trade and Politics in China and the South China Sea,”
included in Ashin Das Gupta and M. N. Pearson, eds.,
India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800
(Kolkata: Oxford University Press, 1987).

6.
Dorothy Van Duyne, “The Straits of Malacca: Strategic Considerations,” United States Naval Academy, 2007.

7.
Donald B. Freeman,
The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet?
(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003), p. 55.

8.
Patricia Risso,
Merchants & Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean
(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995), p. 90.

9.
Arun Das Gupta, “The Maritime Trade of Indonesia: 1500–1800,” in Ashin Das Gupta and Pearson,
India and the Indian Ocean
(New Delhi: Sage, 1987); Satish Chandra,
The Indian Ocean: Explorations in History, Commerce and Politics
(New Delhi: Sage, 1987), pp. 181–82.

10.
Michael Leifer,
Malacca, Singapore, and Indonesia
(Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1978), p. 9. See, too, Van Duyne, “Straits of Malacca.”

11.
Van Duyne, “Straits of Malacca.”

12.
Han van der Horst,
The Low Sky: Understanding the Dutch
, trans. Andy Brown (The Hague: Scriptum, 1996), pp. 29, 85, 127; Geert Mak,
Amsterdam: A Brief Life of the City
, trans. by Philipp Blom (London: Harvill, 1995, 2001), p. 1.

13.
Van der Horst,
Low Sky
, pp. 90–91.

14.
J. H. Plumb, introduction to C. R. Boxer,
The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600–1800
(London: Hutchinson, 1965).

15.
Mak,
Amsterdam
, p. 120.

16.
Boxer,
Dutch Seaborne Empire
, p. 29. Much of the material in this section on the Dutch empire is based on this classic book.

17.
Mak,
Amsterdam
, pp. 120–21.

18.
Alan Villers,
Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952), pp. 166–67.

19.
Plumb, introduction to Boxer,
Dutch Seaborne Empire
.

20.
Boxer,
Dutch Seaborne Empire
, pp. 50, 102.

21.
Holden Furber,
Rival Empires of Trade in the Orient, 1600–1800
(New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 36.

22.
Apud E. du Perron,
De Muze van Jan Compagnie
(Indonesia: Bandung, 1948), p. 13; also see Boxer,
Dutch Seaborne Empire
, p. 56.

23.
Ibid.

24.
Boxer,
Dutch Seaborne Empire
, p. 78.

25.
Mak,
Amsterdam
, pp. 160–61.

26.
Villiers,
Monsoon Seas
, p. 177.

27.
Boxer,
Dutch Seaborne Empire
, p. 273.

28.
Paul Kennedy,
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000
(New York: Random House, 1987).

29.
Andrew MacIntyre and Douglas E. Ramage, “Seeing Indonesia as a Normal Country,” Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Barton, 2008.

30.
For a profile of Lee Kuan Yew, see my
Hog Pilots, Blue Water Grunts
, ch. 3.

31.
Ioannis Gatsiounis, “Year of the Rat: A Letter from Kuala Lumpur,”
American Interest
, May/June 2008.

32.
Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr., “China’s Quest for Asia,”
Policy Review
, December 2005/January 2006.

33.
Hugo Restall, “Pressure Builds on Singapore’s System,”
Far Eastern Economic Review
, Sept. 5, 2008.

1.
William H. McNeill,
The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), p. 565.

2.
Gabriel B. Collins et al., eds.,
China’s Energy Strategy: The Impact on Beijing’s Maritime Policies
(Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2008).

3.
Toshi Yoshihara and James Holmes, “Command of the Sea with Chinese Characteristics,”
Orbis
, Fall 2005.

4.
Ibid.

5.
Andrew Erickson and Lyle Goldstein, “Gunboats for China’s New ‘Grand Canals’?”
Naval War College Review
, Spring 2009.

6.
James R. Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara,
Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century: The Turn to Mahan
(New York: Routledge, 2008), pp. 52–53.

7.
Nicholas J. Spykman,
America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power
, with an introduction by Francis P. Sempa (1942; New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2007), p. xvi. The phrase first appeared in Spykman and Abbie A. Rollins, “Geographic Objectives in Foreign Policy II,”
American Political Science Review
, August 1939.

8.
Donald B. Freeman,
The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet?
(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003), p. 77.

9.
Juli A. MacDonald, Amy Donahue, and Bethany Danyluk, “Energy Futures in Asia: Final Report,” Booz Allen Hamilton, 2004.

10.
Jakub J. Grygiel,
Great Powers and Geopolitical Change
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), pp. 142–48.

11.
Aaron L. Friedberg,
The Weary Titan: Britain and the Experience of Relative Decline, 1895–1905
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988).

12.
Fariborz Haghshenass, “Iran’s Asymmetric Naval Warfare,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 2008.

1.
Ben Simpfendorfer,
The New Silk Road: How a Rising Arab World Is Turning Away from the West and Rediscovering China
(London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), p. 1.

2.
Nicholas J. Spykman,
America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power
(1942; reprint, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2008).

3.
Simpfendorfer,
New Silk Road
, p. 40; Ulrich Jacoby, “Getting Together,”
Finance and Development
, International Monetary Fund, June 2007.

4.
Andrew Droddy, “The Silent Scramble for Africa,” United States Naval Academy, 2006.

5.
Alex Vines and Elizabeth Sidiropolous, “India and Africa,”
TheWorldToday.org
, 2008; Vibhuti Hate,
South Asia Monitor
, Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 10, 2008.

6.
Sharon Burke, “Natural Security,” working paper, Center for a New American Security, June 2009.

7.
Mohan Malik, “Energy Flows and Maritime Rivalries in the Indian Ocean Region” (Honolulu: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2008); “Opportunity Knocks:
Africa’s Prospects” and “Everything to Play For: Middle East and Africa,”
Economist
, Oct. 9 and Nov. 19, 2008; Sarah Childress, “In Africa, Democracy Gains Amid Turmoil,”
Wall Street Journal
, June 18, 2008; Tony Elumelu, “Africa Stands Out,”
TheWorldToday.org
, May 2009.

8.
Robert D. Kaplan,
The Ends of the Earth
(New York: Random House, 1996), p. 7; Spykman,
America’s Strategy in World Politics
, p. 92.

9.
Robert D. Kaplan, “The Coming Anarchy,”
Atlantic Monthly
, February 1994.

10.
Janet L. Abu-Lughod,
Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 12.

11.
“Opportunity Knocks,”
Economist
.

12.
Alan Villiers,
Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952), pp. 208, 210.

13.
Ross E. Dunn,
The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century
(London; Croom Helm, 1986), p. 219; Simon Digby, “The Maritime Trade of India,” in Tapan Ray Chaudhuri and Irfan Habib, eds.,
The Cambridge Economic History of India
, vol. I (Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 152. See, too, Patricia Risso,
Merchants & Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean
(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995), p. 53.

14.
Jakub J. Grygiel,
Great Powers and Geopolitical Change
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), p. 153.

15.
George F. Hourani,
Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951), pp. 55, 113–14.

16.
Fernand Braudel,
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II
, vol. 2 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), pp. 865, 869.

17.
Richard J. Norton, “Feral Cities,”
Naval War College Review
, Fall 2003. See, too, Matthew M. Frick, “Feral Cities, Pirate Havens,”
Proceedings
, Annapolis, MD, December 2008.

18.
Donald B. Freeman,
The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet?
(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003), p. 175.

19.
Michael Pearson,
The Indian Ocean
(New York: Routledge, 2003), p. 127.

20.
Freeman,
Straits of Malacca
, p. 175.

21.
Sugata Bose,
A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Ocean in the Age of Golden Empire
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. 45–47.

22.
Abdulrazak Gurnah,
Desertion
(New York: Anchor, 2005), p. 83.

23.
John Keay,
The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company
(London: HarperCollins, 1991), pp. 255–56.

24.
Basil Lubbock,
The Opium Clippers
(Boston: Lauriat, 1933), pp. 8, 181.

25.
Freeman,
Straits of Malacca
, pp. 174–79, 181–83.

1.
Richard Hall,
Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders
(London: HarperCollins, 1996), pp. 397, 415, 446.

2.
Alan Villiers,
Monsoon Seas: The Story of the Indian Ocean
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952), p. 87.

3.
Ryszard Kapuscinski,
The Shadow of the Sun
, trans. Klara Glowczewska (New York: Vintage, 2001), p. 83.

4.
Alan Moorehead,
The White Nile
(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1960), ch. 1.

5.
G. Thomas Burgess, “Cosmopolitanism and Its Discontents,” in
Race, Revolution, and the Struggle for Human Rights in Zanzibar
(Athens: Ohio University Press, 2009).

6.
Abdul Sheriff, “Race and Class in the Politics of Zanzibar,”
Afrika Spectrum
, vol. 36, no. 3 (2001).

7.
Abdulrazak Gurnah,
Admiring Silence
(New York: The New Press, 1996), pp. 66–67.

8.
Ibid., p. 151.

9.
Abdulrazak Gurnah,
Paradise
(New York: The New Press, 1994), p. 119.