Our Divided Political Heart (50 page)

200
“inspiration . . . was much more informed by administration”:
Ibid., 325.

200
“clearly underestimated the degree to which progressive ideology”:
Brinkley,
Liberalism and Its Discontents
, 147.

200
in a book whose title,
The End of Reform:
Alan Brinkley,
The End of Reform: New Deal Liberalism in Recession and War
(New York: Vintage Books, 1995).

200
Goodwyn’s
Democratic Promise:
Lawrence Goodwyn,
Democratic Promise: The Populist Moment in America
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976).

200
“coherent, enlightened, and fundamentally democratic”:
Brinkley,
The End of Reform
, 138.

201
“To describe the origins of Populism in one sentence”:
Goodwyn,
Democratic Promise
, xviii.

201
“as the self-empowering fulfillment of real democracy”:
Ivins, “‘Populism’ a Label Too Easily Thrown.”

201
“Populism was up-from-the-bottom politics”:
Ibid.

201
“most studies of the last quarter century have depicted American Populism”:
McMath,
American Populism
, 210.

201
“Neither proto-fascists nor proto-New Dealers”:
Ibid., 210–11.

202
More recent scholarship has forcefully challenged:
Charles Postel,
The Populist Vision
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 4, 6, 17, 288.

202
“incurious, phony populist”:
Alec Baldwin, “Sarah Palin: Faux Populist,”
Huffington Post
, 9 February 2010.

202
“a pitch-perfect recital of the populist message”:
David Broder, “Sarah
Palin Displays Her Pitch-Perfect Populism,”
Washington Post
, 11 February 2010.

203
in
The Radical Right
, an important collection of essays:
Daniel Bell, ed.,
The Radical Right
(New York: Doubleday, 1963).

203
book published eight years earlier as
The New American Right
:
Daniel Bell, ed.,
The New American Right
(New York: Criterion Books, 1955).

203
“Social groups that are dispossessed invariably seek targets”:
Daniel Bell, “The Dispossessed,” in Bell, ed.,
The Radical Right
, 3.

203
“discharged many university professors in state universities”:
Seymour Martin Lipset, “The Sources of the ‘Radical Right,” in Bell, ed.,
The Radical Right
, 316.

203
“dismissed teachers who believed in Populist economics”:
Ibid.

203
“so-called experts”:
George Wallace, speeches during the 1968 presidential election, quoted in Taylor Branch, “The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics,”
Washington Monthly
, October 1995.

204
“He gave every hearer a chance to transmute a latent hostility”:
Taylor Branch,
Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–1965
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 340.

205
“a language that sees ordinary people as a noble assemblage”:
Kazin,
The Populist Persuasion
, 1.

205
“I do not contend that my subjects
were
populists”:
Ibid., 3.

205
“the pietistic impulse issuing from the Protestant Reformation”:
Ibid., 11.

205
“It became a convenient label for left, right, center”:
Ibid., 271.

205
“Activists who blame an immoral, agnostic media”:
Ibid., 4.

205
“major alteration . . . when populism began its journey from left to right”:
Ibid.

206
“The rhetoric once spoken primarily by reformers and radicals”:
Ibid.

206
“gradually and unevenly”:
Ibid.

207
Thomas Frank’s
What’s the Matter with Kansas?:
Thomas Frank,
What’s the Matter With Kansas? How Conservatives Won the Heart of America
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004).

207
“periodic bouts of leftism”:
Ibid., 31.

207
“every part of the country in the nineteenth century had labor upheavals”:
Ibid.

207
“more men . . . who hate prosperity”:
William Allen White, “What’s the Matter with Kansas?”
Emporia Gazette
, 15 August 1896.

207
“Today’s Republicans are doing what the Whigs did in the 1840s”:
Frank,
What’s the Matter with Kansas?
, 196.

207
“who no longer speak to people on the losing end of a free market system”:
Ibid., 245.

207
“talk constantly abut class”:
Ibid.

208
“intellect and philistinism”:
Richard Hofstadter,
Anti-Intellectualism in American Life
(New York: Vintage Books, 1962), 3.

208
“national distaste for intellect”:
Ibid., 6.

208
“a weaker connection with the idea of community”:
Alan Brinkley, “Liberty, Community, and the National Idea,”
American Prospect
, 1 November 1996.

209
“cooperative commonwealth”:
McMath,
American Populism
, 8.

209
“developed among people who were deeply rooted in the social and economic networks”:
Ibid., 17.

209
“took place within membership organizations”:
Ibid., 42.

209
“evolution of a cooperative economic organization”:
Walter Rauschen-busch,
Christianizing the Social Order
(New York: Macmillan, 1914), 367.

210
“a beloved community”:
Eugene McCarraher,
Christian Critics: Religion and the Impasse in Modern American Social Thought
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000), 13.

210
“that the Christian spirit lay not in the manger”:
Ibid.

210
“contribute in significant ways to the creation”:
Alan Brinkley, “Liberty and Community,” in Alan Brinkley, Nelson W. Polsby, and Kathleen M. Sullivan,
The New Federalist Papers: Essays in Defense of the Constitution
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), 99.

210
“From the beginning of his administration, Franklin Roosevelt’s rhetoric”:
Ibid.

210
“It should not surprise us”:
Thomas Frank, “Obama and the Gulf Spill Anger,”
Wall Street Journal
, 9 June 2010.

211
“The people now flocking to the Democratic Party”:
Ibid.

211
“while it is fun to trash new-style Democrats”:
Ibid.

212
“We need a vigorous government and a healthy market”:
Brinkley, “Liberty and Community,” 101.

214
“the full dinner pail”:
McKinley presidential campaign slogan, 1900,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williammckinley
.

214
“Burn down your cities and leave our farms”:
William McKinley, “Cross of Gold” speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, 8 July 1896.

215
“After 1900 . . . Populism and Progressivism merge”:
Richard Hofstadter,
The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR
(New York: Vintage Books, 1955), 133.

215
“March without the people and you march into the night”:
Ralph Waldo Emerson, quoted in Michael Kazin,
The Populist Persuasion: An American History
(New York: Basic Books, 1995), 7.

215
“persistently blunted Bryan’s appeal”:
Ibid.

215
“forged a working coalition between the old Bryan country”:
Ibid.

216
“Roosevelt borrowed from Bryan, but Bryan came from Nazareth in Galilee”:
Ibid.

216
“ineffectual”:
Eldon Eisenach, “Introduction,”
The Social and Political Thought of American Progressivism
(Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 2006), viii.

216
“symbolized a new national commitment”:
Ibid.

216
“the movement’s leading minds founded the modern American university”:
Ibid.

217
Herbert Croly, the progressive thinker:
See Edward Stettner,
Shaping Modern Liberalism: Herbert Croly and Progressive Thought
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993).

217
“to use Hamiltonian administrative nationalism”:
Herbert Croly, quoted in Sidney M. Milkis,
Political Parties and Constitutional Government: Remaking American Democracy
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), 66.

218
“use the whole power of government”:
John Milton Cooper,
Woodrow Wilson: A Biography
(New York: Knopf, 2009), 165.

218
“Have we come to a time”:
Michael Sandel,
Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), 215.

218
“There is . . . a point of bigness”:
Cooper,
Woodrow Wilson
, 167.

218
“the time when the combined power of high finance”:
Ibid.

218
“A National Government cannot create good times”:
William Howard Taft, quoted in Cooper,
Woodrow Wilson
, 167.

219
“marked an early step toward the ideological transformation”:
Cooper,
Woodrow Wilson
, 167.

219
“agreed despite their differences that economic and political institutions”:
Sandel,
Democracy’s Discontent
, 221.

219
“cult of governmentalism”:
Chester E. Finn Jr., “Herbert Croly and the Cult of Governmentalism,” in Lamar Alexander and Chester E. Finn Jr.,
The New Promise of American Life
(Indianapolis, IN: Hudson Institute Inc., 1995), 43.

219
“preoccupation with strong government, strong leaders and strong nationalism”:
Michael McGerr, “Foreword,” in Herbert Croly,
The Promise of American Life
(Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1989), xi.

220
Eisenach notes, while twenty-two states:
Eisenach, “Introduction.”

220
“formed their own municipal corporations to supply transportation”:
Ibid., ix.

221
“If you look at the dates at which they were created”:
Robert D. Putnam, “The Decline of Civil Society: How Come? So What?” John L. Marion Lecture, Canadian Centre for Management Development, Ottawa, Ontario, 22 February 1996.

221
John Louis Recchiuti points to the work of:
John Louis Recchiuti,
Civic Engagement: Social Science and Progressive-Era Reform in New York City
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007).

222
“Early twentieth-century local, state and national policies”:
Theda Skocpol, “Don’t Blame Big Government: America’s Voluntary Groups Thrive in
a National Network,” in E. J. Dionne Jr., ed.,
Community Works: The Revival of Civil Society in America
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1998), 39.

222
“The GI Bill of 1944 never would have taken the inclusive shape”:
Ibid.

223
“property rights, to the exclusion of human rights”:
Theodore Roosevelt, quoted in Sidney M. Milkis,
Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party, and the Transformation of American Democracy
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009), 59.

223
“be submitted for final determination”:
Theodore Roosevelt, quoted in Milkis,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 60.

223
“not a radical rejection of the American tradition’”:
Milkis,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 265.

223
“The most exalted purpose of the insurgency”:
Ibid., 71.

224
“property rights shall not be exalted over human rights”:
Ben Lindsey, quoted in William McClay,
The Masterless: Self and Society in Modern America
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994).

224
“fellows”:
Herbert Croly, quoted in McClay,
The Masterless
, 160.

225
“compromised a man as much in his success as in his failure”:
McClay,
The Masterless
, 160.