Outlaw Marriages (35 page)

40
. Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 36.

41
. On Leyendecker and Beach keeping their relationship out of the public eye, see Boyce, “Coded Desire,” 26–32; Kriss, “Father,” WE13; Martin, “Gay Blades,” 75–82.

42
. Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 38.

43
. Ibid.

44
. “Leyendecker Dies,”
Standard-Star
, 1.

45
. Ibid.

46
. Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 46; Steine and Taraba,
Leyendecker Collection
, 10–11.

47
. Clair, “Leyendecker Remembered,” 1; Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 75; Rowland, “Leyendecker,” 56; Steine and Taraba,
Leyendecker Collection
, 10–11.

48
. Cooper,
Sexual Perspective
, 132; Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 44; Rockwell,
My Adventures
, 171; Schau,
Leyendecker
, 39.

49
. Clair, “Leyendecker Remembered,” 1; “Leyendecker Dies,”
Standard-Star
, 1; “Noted Illustrator Dies,”
Standard-Star
, April 19, 1924, 1; Rockwell,
My Adventures
, 171.

50
. Clair, “Leyendecker Remembered,” 1.

51
. Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 46.

52
. Ibid.

53
. Ibid., 47.

54
. “Keeping Posted,” 108; Rockwell,
My Adventures
, 172; Schau,
Leyendecker
, 36; Steine and Taraba,
Leyendecker Collection
, 11.

55
. Cooper,
Sexual Perspective
, 131; “Keeping Posted,” 108; Steine and Taraba,
Leyendecker Collection
, 12.

56
. Cooper,
Sexual Perspective
, 132; Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 50; Kriss, “Father,” WE13; Steine and Taraba,
Leyendecker Collection
, 12–13.

57
. Cutler and Cutler,
Leyendecker
, 50; Steine and Taraba,
Leyendecker Collection
, 13.

58
. “Leyendecker Dies,”
Standard-Star
, 1; “Noted Artist,”
New York Times
, 20.

59
. “‘Model' Inherits $30,000,”
New York Times
, August 14, 1951, 25. Mary Leyendecker died in 1957.

60
.
Beach died on August 28, 1952.

61
. Clair, “Leyendecker Remembered,” 1; “Noted Artist,”
New York Times
, 20.

1
. On Stein's early years, see Lucy Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
(London: Reaktion, 2009), 11–23; “Gertrude Stein Dies in France,”
New York Times
, July 28, 1946, 40. Stein's parents were Daniel Stein and Amelia Keyser Stein.

2
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 22.

3
. Ibid., 28.

4
. Ibid., 41.

5
. Ibid., 47, 49; Janet Hobhouse,
Everybody Who Was Anybody: A Biography of Gertrude Stein
(New York: Putnam, 1975), 19–20; Linda Simon,
The Biography of Alice B. Toklas
(New York: Doubleday, 1977), 146–47. Stein's young female lover was named May Bookstaver.

6
. On Toklas's early years, see Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 3–44. Toklas's parents were Ferdinand Toklas and Emma Levinsky Toklas.

7
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 8, 11.

8
. Ibid., 26.

9
. Ibid., 15.

10
. Ibid., 21.

11
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 56–57; James R. Mellow,
Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and Company
(New York: Praeger, 1974), 4.

12
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 57.

13
. Mellow,
Charmed Circle
, 97.

14
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 69.

15
. Ibid., 94. The girl was Annette Rosenshine.

16
. Shari Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank: Paris, 1900–1940
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986), 166; Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 94–95.

17
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 95.

18
. Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, 157; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 70; Gertrude Stein,
As Fine as Melanctha
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1954), 231, 234–35, 247.

19
. Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, 164, 169; Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 96, 103, 109, 159; Hobhouse,
Everybody Who Was
, 93, 144; Janet Malcolm,
Two Lives: Gertrude and Alice
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), 156–57; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 68, 72, 76, 84, 115, 132.

20
. Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, 152; Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 58.

21
. Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, 156–57, 162–63, 175; Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 95; Hobhouse,
Everybody Who Was
, 93; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 99–102, 107–8.

22
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 99.

23
. Ibid., 100–101. The quotations were published in Stein's “If You Had Three Husbands,” in
Geography and Plays
(Boston: Four Seasons, 1922), 382.

24
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 107. The quotations were published in Stein's “Lifting Belly” in
Bee Time Vine and Other Pieces
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,
1953), 80.

25
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 96; Gertrude Stein,
Three Lives
(New York: Grafton, 1909); “Three Lives,”
Nation
, January 20, 1910, 65.

26
. Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, 168; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 111; Gertrude Stein,
Tender Buttons
(New York: Claire Marie, 1914).

27
. “Futurist Essays,”
Los Angeles Times
, August 9, 1914, IIIA3; “Public Gets Peep at Extreme Cubist Literature in Gertrude Stein's ‘Tender Buttons,'”
Chicago Tribune
, June 5, 1914, 15.

28
. Lillian Faderman,
Surpassing the Love of Men
(New York: William Morrow, 1981), 404; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 115.

29
. G. E. K., “Miss Stein Applies Cubism to Defenseless Prose,”
Baltimore Sun
, August 25, 1923; Stein,
Geography and Plays
.

30
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 147; Hobhouse,
Everybody Who Was
, 157–58; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 134–35.

31
. “Gertrude Stein's Solemn Quest for Genial Obscurity,”
Philadelphia Public Ledger
, January 5, 1929; “Hogarth Essays,”
New Orleans Times-Picayune
, March 17, 1926.

32
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 146.

33
. Ibid., 149; Gertrude Stein, “Stanzas in Meditation,”
Stanzas in Meditation and Other Poems
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1956), 90.

34
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 148–49.

35
. Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, 170–71; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 149; Gertrude Stein,
The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas
(New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933), 265; Alice B. Toklas,
Staying on Alone: Letters of Alice B. Toklas
, Edward Burns, ed. (New York: Liveright, 1973), 91.

36
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 156; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 150.

37
. Stein,
Autobiography
, 43, 78, 153, 246.

38
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 150.

39
. Theodore Hall, “Miss Stein Looks Homeward,”
Washington Post
, October 8, 1933, SM10; Paul Jordan-Smith, “I'll Be Judge You Be Jury,”
Los Angeles Times
, September 10, 1933, A5; “Stein's Way,”
Time
, September 11, 1933, 57.

40
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 169.

41
. Ernest Kirschten, “Stein Smile Wins Radcliffe,”
Boston American
, November 20, 1934; “Miss Stein Returns to Her Native Land,”
Nation
, November 7, 1934, 521.

42
. Gertrude Stein,
Everybody's Autobiography
(New York: Random House, 1937), 289.

43
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 161; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 161.

44
. Ellen Alix DuPoy, “New Poem of Gertrude Stein Given Praise,”
Chicago Tribune
, October 21, 1933, 15.

45
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 131; Sherwood Anderson, “Four American Impressions: Gertrude Stein,”
New Republic
, October 11, 1922, 171. On Stein influencing Anderson, see also Gilbert A. Harrison, “Gertrude Stein and the Nay-Sayers,”
New Republic
, March 18, 1957, 18; “Stein's Way,” 57.

46
. Daniel,
Gertrude Stein
, 131. On Stein influencing Hemingway, see also Fanny Butcher, “Gertrude Stein Writes a Book in Simple Style,”
Chicago Tribune
, September
2, 1933, 8; Harrison, “Gertrude Stein,” 18; “Stein's Way,” 57; Edmund Wilson, “Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas,”
New Republic
, October 11, 1933. Ernest Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.

47
. Alice B. Toklas,
What Is Remembered
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963), 117. On Stein influencing Fitzgerald, see also Harrison, “Gertrude Stein,” 18; “Stein's Way,” 57.

48
. Hobhouse,
Everybody Who Was
, 185; Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 165. On Stein influencing Wilder, see also Harrison, “Gertrude Stein,” 18; “Stein's Way,” 57.

49
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 176.

50
. Ibid., 182–85.

51
. Ibid., 188–89.

52
. “Gertrude Stein Dies in France,”
New York Times
, July 28, 1946; “Gertrude Stein Dies in Paris,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 28, 1946, 1; “Gertrude Stein Dies in Paris,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, July 28, 1946, 9; “Gertrude Stein Dies in Paris,”
Washington Post
, July 28, 1946, 1; “Gertrude Stein, Famed Author, Dies in France,”
Chicago Tribune
, July 28, 1946, 26.

53
. Malcolm,
Two Lives
, 161.

54
. Simon,
Alice B. Toklas
, 217.

55
. Ibid., 208, 217.

56
. Ibid., 217.

57
. Ibid., 218–19; Alice B. Toklas,
The Alice B. Toklas Cook Book
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954), 173.

58
. “Briefly Noted,”
New Yorker
, February 5, 1955, 116; “A Dish Is a Dish Is a Dish,”
Time
, November 22, 1954, 10; Toklas,
Cook Book
, 42–43.

59
. “Alice B. Toklas, 89,”
Washington Post
, March 8, 1967, B4; “Alice B. Toklas Dies,”
San Francisco Examiner
, March 7, 1967, 41; “Alice B. Toklas Is Dead in Paris,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, March 8, 1967, 27; “Alice Toklas, Companion of Gertrude Stein,”
Boston Globe
, March 8, 1967, 38; “Alice Toklas Dies,”
Chicago Tribune
, March 8, 1967, D7; “Alice Toklas, 89, Is Dead in Paris,”
New York Times
, March 8, 1967, 45.

1
. On Solano's early years, see “Biographical Note: Solita Solano,” Janet Flanner and Solita Solano Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 4–5; “Solita Solano, Novelist, 86,”
New York Times
, November 26, 1975, 32; Brenda Wineapple,
Genêt: A Biography of Janet Flanner
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989), 48–49. Solano's father was Almadus Wilkinson.

2
. “Biographical Note: Solano,” Flanner and Solano Papers, 5; Wineapple,
Genêt
, 49.

3
. “Biographical Note: Solano,” Flanner and Solano Papers, 5; “Solita Solano,”
New York Times
, 32; Wineapple,
Genêt
, 49–50.

4
. “Biographical Note: Solano,” Flanner and Solano Papers, 5; Wineapple,
Genêt
, 47, 50–51.

5
. On Flanner's early years, see “Biographical Note: Janet Flanner,” Flanner and Solano Papers; Phil Casey, “The Lady Known as Genêt,”
Washington Post
, July 2, 1972, F1, F5; Mary McCarthy, “Conversation Piece,”
New York Times Book Review
, November
21, 1965, BR5, BR88–91; Alden Whitman, “Janet Flanner, Reporter in Paris for The New Yorker, Dies at 86,”
New York Times
, November 8, 1978, B10; Wineapple,
Genêt
, 1–39. Flanner's parents were Frank Flanner and Mary Hockett Flanner.

6
. McCarthy, “Conversation Piece,” BR90; Wineapple,
Genêt
, 18, 20.

7
. McCarthy, “Conversation Piece,” BR5.

8
. Janet Flanner, “Impressions in the Field of Art,”
Indianapolis Star
, April 14, 1918, F38.

9
. Wineapple,
Genêt
, 32, 38.

10
. Ibid., 47; Jane Grant,
Ross, The New Yorker, and Me
(New York: Reynal, 1968), 223.