Pediatric Primary Care (5 page)

Benzocaine–Topical Otic Analgesic

Budesonide–Inhalation Corticosteroid Anti-inflammatory

Cefdinir–Third-Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cefprozil–Second-Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Ceftriaxone–Third-Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cefuroxime Sodium, Cefuroxime Axetil–Second-Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotics

Cephalexin Hydrochloride–First-Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cetirizine–Antihistamine

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride–Fluoroquinolone Anti-infective

Clarithromycin–Macrolide Antibiotic

Clindamycin–Antibiotic

Clomipramine Hydrochloride–Tricyclic Antidepressant

Crotamiton–Scabicide, Antipruritic

Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride–Antihistamine, Antipruritic, Antitussive

Erythromycin–Antibiotic

Ferrous Sulfate–Iron Preparation

Fexofenadine Hydrochloride–Antihistamine

Fluoxetine–Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Antidepressant

Fluvoxamine–Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Antidepressant, Antianxiety

Folic Acid–Nutrition Supplement

Lactulose–Hyperosmotic Laxative

Levalbuterol–Bronchodilator

Lithium Carbonate–Antimanic, Antidepressant

Loratadine–Antihistamine

Mebendazole–Anthelmintic

Montelukast–Antiasthmatic

Nitrofurantoin–Antibiotic

Ofloxacin–Fluoroquinolone Anti-infective

Omeprazole–Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitor

Paroxetine Hydrochloride–Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Antidepressant, Antipanic, Antianxiety

Penicillin V Potassium–Antibiotic

Prednisolone–Anti-inflammatory

Rantidine–AntiUlcer Agent, Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor

Sertraline–Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitor, Antidepressant, Antipanic Agent

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim–Anti-infective

APPENDIX J

Abbreviations

Index

Preface

Pediatric Primary Care: Practice Guidelines for Nurses
can be used as a resource for a variety of information including treatment strategies. It is divided into three sections. The first section includes taking a medical history with a family seen for the first time, taking an interval history, newborn rounding, and breastfeeding. Well-child visits are included along with information about nutrition, elimination, sleep patterns, growth and development, and injury prevention. The second section is organized by body system and is written in outline format, making it easy to read and find information quickly. Common medical conditions are presented with information about etiology, occurrence, clinical manifestations, physical findings, diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, treatment, follow up, complications, and patient/family education. The third section (the Appendices) includes common medications used in pediatrics, and information is provided about common uses, availability, adverse effects, and nursing implications.

The Appendices provide several charts, including growth charts, BMI, asthma guidelines, and fluoride dosing. The charts are to be used to locate needed information quickly.

—B
ETH
R
ICHARDSON

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank my children, Jason and Sarah; my grandchildren, Caroline and Darren; my friends; and all the students I've had the privilege of meeting. Thank you for teaching me.

To students, friends, and colleagues—thank you for all you do in caring for children.

Contributors

Mary J. Alvarado, MSN, RN, CPNP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
HealthNet, Inc.
Indianapolis, Indiana

Patricia Clinton, PhD, ARNP, PNP, FAANP

Clinical Professor & Assistant Dean for Graduate Programs
University of Iowa College of Nursing
Iowa City, Iowa

Karen M. Corlett, RN, CPNP-AC/PC

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Children's Medical Hospital
Dallas, Texas

Mary Jo Eoff, MSN, RN, CPNP

Clinical Associate Professor
School of Nursing
Indiana University
Indianapolis, Indiana

Amy L. Feldman, MSN, RN, CPNP, IBCLC, CIMI

Nurse Consultant
Early Intervention
Shapiro Center for Infant Development
East Orange, New Jersey

Jane A. Fox, EdD, PNP-BC

Professor
School of Nursing
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Wilmington, North Carolina

Linda S. Gilman, EdD, RN, CPNP

Associate Professor Emeritus
School of Nursing
Indiana University
Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
HealthNet, Inc.
Indianapolis, Indiana

Donna Hallas, PhD, PNP-BC, CPNP, FAANP

Clinical Associate Professor
Director of PNP Program
College of Nursing
New York University
New York, New York

Betsy Atkinson Joyce, EdD, MSN, CPNP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Northpoint Pediatrics
Associate Professor Emeritus
School of Nursing
Indiana University
Indianapolis, Indiana

Susan J. Kersey, PMHCNS-BC

Child/Adolescent/Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialist
Wabash Valley Alliance
Lafayette, Indiana
Lecturer Purdue University School of Nursing
West Lafayette, Indiana

Shelly J. King, MSN, RN, CPNP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Director of Children's Continence Center and Pediatric Urology
Riley Hospital for Children
Indianapolis, Indiana

Julie LaMothe, RN, MSN, CPNP, PNP

Riley POWER Clinic
Riley Hospital for Children
Indianapolis, Indiana

Marti Michel, MSN, CPNP, CNS, RN, AE-C

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Indiana University Health
Indianapolis, Indiana

Kristin Miller, MSN, RN, CPNP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Pediatric Neurology
Peyton Manning Children's Hospital at St. Vincent Hospital
Indianapolis, Indiana

Meg Moorman, RNC, MSN, WHNP

Assistant Clinical Professor
School of Nursing
Indiana University
Indianapolis, Indiana

Pamela Meador Nickell, MSN, RN, CPNP

Pediatric RN Case Manager
IU Health Hospice
Indianapolis, Indiana

Miki M. Patterson, PhD, PNP, ONP

Director of Clinical Solutions
Stryker Performance Solutions
Assistant Professor Nursing
University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Lowell, Massachusetts

Frances K. Porcher, EdD, RN, CPNP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Pediatric Emergency Department
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina

Susan G. Rains, BSN, MA, CPNP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
HealthNet, Inc.
Indianapolis, Indiana

Beth Richardson, PhD, RN, CPNP, FAANP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
HealthNet, Inc.
Associate Professor Emeritus
Indiana University School of Nursing
Indianapolis, Indiana

Mary Lou C. Rosenblatt, MS, RN, CPNP

Senior Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Harriet Lane Primary Care Center for Children and Adolescents
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland

Robin Shannon, MS, RN, CPNP

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
University of Minnesota Amplatz Children's Hospital
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Elizabeth Godfrey Terry, MSN, RN, CPNP

Health Editor
Children's Better Health Institute/US Kids Magazines
Indianapolis, Indiana

Peggy Vernon, RN, MA, CPNP

Dermatology Nurse Practitioner
Alta Vista Dermatology
Highlands Ranch, Colorado

Kim Walton, MSN, CNS

Director Youth Services
Community Health Network
Indianapolis, Indiana

Candace F. Zickler, MSN, RN, CPNP

Nurse Supervisor
MSD of Perry Township
Indianapolis, Indiana

SECTION ONE

Child Health Care

CHAPTER 1

Obtaining an Initial History

Beth Richardson

I.  INTRODUCTION

A.  The complete health history taken at the first visit is an opportunity for the practitioner to establish a relationship with the child and family, gain insight into family relationships, and obtain pertinent health information.

II. INITIAL INFORMATION

A.  Parent(s).

1.  Name(s).

2.  Age(s).

3.  Health status.

B.  Sibling(s).

1.  Age(s).

2.  Health status.

III. REASON FOR CURRENT VISIT

A.  Current problem or illness.

1.  Background information.

a.  When did it start?

b.  What are the symptoms?

c.  Are others in family ill with similar symptoms?

d.  What has been done to treat symptoms?

IV. PAST HISTORY

A.  Prenatal history and care if child younger than 5 years.

1.  Was pregnancy planned?

2.  Did the mother smoke? Drink alcohol? Take any medications or drugs?