Qatar: Small State, Big Politics (34 page)

32
. Quoted in Ibid.

33
. Quoted in Hammond, “Coverage of Revolts Varies on Al Jazeera,”
International Herald Tribune
, 14 April 2011, p. M1.

34
. Ibid.

35
. Ibid.

36
. Ibid.

37
. Erdbrink, “For Al Jazeera, a Double Standard in Coverage?”
Washington Post
, May 15, 2011, p. 12.

38
. Brian Stelter, “Al Jazeera Changes Plan to Rerun Documentary,”
New York Times
, 10 August 2011, p. 8. The documentary,
Shouting in the Dark
, is available on Al Jazeera’s English website at
http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/2011/08/201184144547798162.html
.

39
. Hayder al-Khoei, “Deadly Shootings in Saudi Arabia, but Arab Media Look the Other Way,”
Guardian
, 28 November 2011,
http://www.guardian.co.uk
.

40
. Ibid.

41
. See Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi, “Morsi’s Win Is Al Jazeera’s Loss,” Al-Monitor, 1 July 2012,
http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2012/al-monitor/morsys-win-is-al-jazeeras-loss.html
. Al Qassemi cites specific examples of the network’s questionable coverage of Morsi’s campaign and election.

42
. See, for example, Wikileaks, “Wadah Khanfar Loses Position as Member of Al Jazeera Board; May Also Lose Job Managing Al Jazeera Network,” 16 May 2007, 07DOHA495; and Wikileaks, “Beginning of the End? Khanfar still at the Helm of Al Jazeera, but Stripped of Financial and Admin Power,” 18 June 2007, 07DOHA641. Robert Fisk, the renowned British journalist, maintains that Khanfar “behaved with as much integrity as he did courage.” Fisk, “Al Jazeera: 15 Years in the Headlines,”
Independent
(London), 2 November 2011, p. 40.

43
. Aref Hijjawi, “The Role of Al-Jazeera (Arabic) in the Arab Revolts of 2011,” in Heinrich Böll Stiftung,
Perspectives,
no. 2 (May 2011), 69–70.

44
. For more on this point, see Kamrava, “Royal Factionalism and Political Liberalization in Qatar,” 409–411.

45
. Peter Beaumont, “Qatar Accused of Interfering in Libyan Affairs,”
Guardian
, 4 October 2011, 22.

46
. An example includes Ahmed Azem, “Qatar’s Ties with the Muslim Brotherhood Affect Entire Region,”
National
(Abu Dhabi), 18 May 2012.

47
. See, for example, Nour Abuzant, “It Is Genocide, Says Qaradawi,”
Gulf Times
(Doha), 26 February 2011, p. 1; Nour Abuzant, “Qaradawi Condemns ‘Atrocities’ against Protestors in Syria,”
Gulf Times
, 26 March 2011, p. 1; Ayman Adly, “Qaradawi in Call for Arab, Muslim Unity,”
Gulf Times
, 24 December 2011, p. 3.

48
. In March 2012, Al Jazeera reporter Ali Hashem resigned from his position in protest over the network’s coverage of Bahrain and Syria. For Hashem’s side of the story, see his interview with TheRealNews.com at
http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=8108
. See also, Thomas Erdbrink. “For al-Jazeera, a double standard in coverage?”
Washington Post,
15 May 2011, p. 12.

49
. David Lake,
Hierarchy in International Relations
(Ithaca, 2009), 138; see also chapter 2 of this volume.

50
. Ibid., 113.

51
. Wikileaks, “Terrorist Finance: Action Request for Senior Level Engagement on Terrorism Finance,” 30 December 2009, 09STATE13801.

52
. Wikileaks, “Crown Prince on Qatar’s Relations with Iran,” 15 July 2009, 09DOHA454.

53
. Renowned for his outspoken and at times controversial views, Yousef Al-Qaradawi’s biography and a summary of his views appear in Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen and Bettina Graf, eds.,
The Global Mufti
(New York, 2006). See also Bettina Gräf, “Sheikh Yūsuf al-Qaradāwī in Cyberspace,”
Die Welt des Islams
47, nos. 3–4 (2007), 403–442.

54
. Wikileaks, “Ambassador Discusses Qaradawi with MFA Minister of State Al-Mahmoud; GOQ to Provide Written Response to Treasury Letter,” 25 November 2009, 09DOHA689.

55
. In a 2006 meeting with the network’s managing director, for example, the US embassy’s Public Affairs officer conveyed the “continuing USG concerns with Al Jazeera programming.” Wikileaks, “Entering Its Tenth Year, Al Jazeera Covets Its Global Role,” 23 January 2006, 06DOHA104.

56
. Tahani Karrar, “Qatar Rethinks Dollar Peg amid Gulf-Wide Inflation,”
Wall Street Journal
, 12 March 2008, p. 17; “Soaring Inflation Threatens Peg to $US,”
Toronto Star
, 3 June 2008, p. B2; “Reports of Qatar Depegging from Dollar Not True,”
Peninsula
(Doha), 28 May 2008, p. 1.

57
. Unless otherwise noted, all data in this paragraph are drawn from the Office of the United States Trade Representative,
http://www.ustr.gov/countries-regions/europe-middle-east/middle-east/north-africa/qatar
.

58
. Qatar Central Bank,
Thirty Second Annual Report 2008
(Doha, 2009), 131.

59
. Wikileaks, “The Move toward an Interagency Synchronization.”

60
. Data collected from US Census Bureau, US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services,” 2001 and 2011,
http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade
.

61
. “Qatar Eyes Stake in U.S. Banks,”
Toronto Star
, 28 January 2008, p. B2.

62
. Iran Ministry of Commerce,
Bazargani-e Khareji
(Foreign Trade) (Tehran, 1388/2009). Available at
http://www.moc.gov.ir/system/upload/doc/r%20.pdf
, accessed on May 13, 2010.

63
. “Iran, Russia, Qatar Discuss Gas Cooperation,” Islamic Republic News Agency, 21 October 2008.

64
. See, for example, Lynn A. Karoly and Michael Mattock,
Qatar Supreme Council for Family Affairs Database of Social Indicators
(Santa Monica, CA, 2006); Catherine H. Augustine and Cathy Krop,
Aligning Post-Secondary Educational Choices to Societal Needs
(Santa Monica, CA, 2008); and Cassandra M. Guarino et al.,
Developing a School Finance System for K-12 Reform in Qatar
(Santa Monica, CA, 2009).

65
. Dominic Brewer et al.,
Education for a New Era
(Santa Monica, CA, 2007); and Dominic Brewer, et al.
An Introduction to Qatar’s Primary and Secondary Education Reform
(Santa Monica, CA, 2006), 14.

66
. Joy S. Moini et al.,
The Reform of Qatar University
(Santa Monica, CA, 2009).

67
. General Secretariat for Development Planning,
Qatar National Vision 2030
, 2.

68
. Ibid., 16.

69
. Ibid., 29.

70
. Alongside an especially commissioned piece by the Lebanese composer Marcel Khalife, the orchestra’s inaugural performance included Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 and Maurice Ravel’s Bolero.

71
.
http://www.dohatribecafilm.com/festival/leadership.htm
.

72
. Some of the luminaries at the 2010 US-Islamic World Forum included prominent Obama Administration and other U.S. officials, Turkish prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, US secretary of state Hillary Clinton, White House senior director for global engagement Pradeep Ramamurthy, US special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke, and US senator John Kerry.

73
. General Secretariat for Development Planning.
Qatar National Vision 2030
, 4.

74
. In addition to the Shi‘a presence mentioned earlier, across the Gulf states there are scattered populations of Hawwalah, Persian-origin Sunnis who migrated to the northern shores of the Arabian Peninsula in the nineteenth century. See Lawrence G. Potter, “Introduction,” in Lawrence G. Potter, ed,.
The Persian Gulf in History
(New York, 2009), 11.

75
. Wikileaks, “Visit of Qatar’s Prime Minister to Washington January 4–5,” 21 December 2009, 09DOHA733.

76
. Wikileaks, “Qatar’s Prime Minister on Iran: ‘They Lie to Us; we Lie to Them’,” 20 December 2009, 09DOHA728.

77
. Wikileaks, “Qatari MFS Official’s Perspective of Heir Apparent’s Visit to Tehran,” 23 February 2010, 10DOHA69.

78
. Robert O. Keohane,
After Hegemony
(Princeton, NJ, 1984), 137.

79
. Ibid., 178–180.

80
. Daniel W. Drezner,
Theories of International Politics and Zombie
(Princeton, NJ, 2011), 48.

81
. There is always the potential that the South Pars-North Field gas deposits that Iran and Qatar share in the Persian Gulf become a source of friction between the two states. See, for example, Reyhaneh Mazaheri, “Gaz-e Iran dar Jib-e Qatar” (Iran’s Gas in Qatar’s Pocket),
E‘temad-e Melli
, 18 November 2008, pp. 1, 10.

82
. Wikileaks, “The Move toward an Interagency Synchronization.”

83
. Wikileaks, “Scensetter for U.S.-Qatari Military Consultative Commission,” 7 January 2010, 10DOHA8.

84
. Ibid.

85
. Ibid.

86
. The Pentagon does not release precise numbers about US forces stationed abroad, in 2009 listing a total of less than 500 troops in Qatar (US Department of Defense, “Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A),” 31 December 2009). According to confidential sources within the Al Udaid US airbase, located outside of Doha, in 2010 there were an estimated 8,000 US military personnel stationed there, and the base could accommodate as many as 10,000 troops. This is consistent with the figure of 7,500 reported in 2012 by a US Congressional report (United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. “The Gulf Security Architecture,” 15).

87
. “Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar” and “Camp As Sayliyah,” both at
http://www.globalsecurityorg
.