Richard & John: Kings at War (100 page)

29
Coggleshall, pp.139-45.

30
William of Newburgh, i. pp.235, 463-64; W. Stubbs, ed.,
Memoriale Fratris Walteri de Coventria
, 2 vols (RS 1873) - hereinafter Walter of Coventry - ii. p.196; V. H. Galbraith, ‘Nationality and Language in Medieval England’, TRHS 4th Series, 23 (1941), pp.113-28.

31
Annales monastici
, i. p.27.

32
Matthew Paris,
Chronica Majora
, ii. p.659.

33
Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, pp.174-77, 285, 314.

34
Roger of Wendover, ii. pp.48-49.

35
Delisle,
Catalogue des Actes de Philippe-Auguste
, op. cit. p.177.

36
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.173.

37
WM, ii. pp.111-23;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, 236.

38
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.157-58.

39
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, 28, 28B, 35; Salmon,
Chroniques de Touraine
, op. cit. i. pp.149-50.

40
Coggleshall, p.144; Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, p.97;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 31.

41
Roger of Wendover, i. pp.316-17.

42
Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, pp.56-59; Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, pp.163-64.

43
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.178.

44
A. Cartellieri,
Philip II
, op. cit. iv. p.167; Bradbury,
Philip Augustus
, p.148.

45
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.184.

46
Ibid., p.191.

47
Ibid., i. p.212.

48
WM, ii. pp.125-27.

49
Ibid., pp.137-39.

50
Ibid., p.147.

51
Roger of Wendover, iii. pp.175, 318-20.

52
Baldwin,
The Scutage and Knight Service in England
(Chicago, 1897); F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland,
A History of English Law
, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1898), i. p.256; A.L. Poole,
Obligations of Society in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
(1946), pp.40-52; Maurice Powicke, ‘Distraint of Knighthood and Military Obligation under Henry III’,
Speculum
25 (1950), pp.457-70.

53
Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, p.235.

54
Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli de liberate ac de Misis et Praestitis regnante Johanne
, op. cit. pp.82-83.

55
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. pp.202-04; Norgate,
England under the Angevin Kings
, ii. pp.411-23.

56
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.160; ii. p.216; Chéruel,
Histoire de Rouen pendant l’époque communale
(Rouen, 1843), i. p.86;
Recueil des Actes de Philippe Auguste
, op. cit. ii. Nos 790-792, 803, 809; C.H. Haskins,
Norman Institutions
(Cambridge, Mass., 1925), p.144.

57
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 39;
Rotuli de Liberate
, op. cit. pp.85, 87, 96; Coggleshall, pp.144-45; Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.95.

58
Coggleshall, p.147; Martindale, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine: the last years’, loc. cit. pp.137-64.

59
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.160, 220; ii. pp.211-12.

60
Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, pp.257-58; A. de la Borderie,
Histoire de Bretagne
, op. cit. iii. p.293.

61
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.160, 220-21; Roger of Wendover, i. p.320.

62
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.151; ii. p.216;
Recueil
, ii. p.381; Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, op. cit. p.98; Powicke,
Loss
, pp.261-63.

63
Recueil des Actes
, op. cit. ii. pp.403-11, 418-21, 460-61, 470-72, 475, 483-85, 493-503.

64
Powicke,
Loss
, pp.174-77.

65
Coggleshall, p.144; Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.95; Walter of Coventry, ii. p.197; Semple & Cheney,
Selected Letters
, op. cit. p.40.

66
WM, ii. p.131-37.

67
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.257-59.

68
Powicke,
Loss
, pp.301-02.

69
Ibid., pp.233-39.

70
R.V. Turner, ‘Good or Bad Kingship? The Case of Richard Lionheart’,
Haskins Society Journal
8 (1999), pp.73-78 (at p.78); J.C. Holt, ‘The Loss of Normandy and Royal Finance’, in Gillingham & Holt, eds,
War and Government in the Middle Ages
, op. cit. pp.92-105 (at p.98); N. Barratt, ‘The Revenues of John and Philip Augustus Revisited’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, pp.75-79.

71
S.D. Church,
The Household Knights of King John
(Cambridge, 1999).

72
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, op. cit. i. 30, 326; T.D. Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli Normanniae in Turri Londinensi Asservati
(1835), 103, 105; Richard,
Comtes de Poitou
, op. cit. ii. p.321.

73
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 20b.

74
WM, ii. p.131; Pipe Roll John 6, p.150.

75
WM, ii. p.131.

76
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 356.

77
P. Chaplais, ed.,
Diplomatic Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office 1101-1272
(1964), No.206; Daniel Power, ‘King John and the Norman Aristocracy’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, pp.117-36 (at pp.133-34).

78
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.114; Richard,
Comtes de Poitou
, op. cit. ii. pp.370-71.

79
Powicke,
Loss
, p.232.

80
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 15, 21b, 24a.

81
Powicke,
Loss
, pp.231-32.

82
Walter of Coventry, ii. p.197; J.C. Holt, ‘The End of the Anglo-Norman Realm’, in
Proceedings of the British Academy
61 (1975), pp.223-65; J.B. Baldwin, ‘La décennie décisive: les années 1190-1203 dans le règne de Philippe Auguste’,
Revue Historique
266 (1981), pp.311-37.

83
R.V. Turner, ‘Good or Bad Kingship’, loc. cit. p.73.

84
Baldwin,
Government
, pp.141-52; V.D. Moss, ‘The Norman Exchequer Rolls of King John’, in Church,
King John
, pp.101-16 (at p.116).

85
J.C. Holt, ‘The Loss of Normandy and Royal Finance’, in Holt & Gillingham, eds,
War and Government
, op. cit. pp.92-105.

86
Powicke,
Loss
, p.239.

87
Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.338-40.

88
Recueil des historiens de France
, op. cit. xxiv. Pt.2 p.758: MGH, Scriptores, ix. p.330.

89
Gillingham, in Church,
King John
, loc. cit.

90
Daniel Power, ‘King John and the Norman Aristocracy’, in Church,
King John
, pp.117-36 (at pp.122-23).

91
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.129, 141.

92
William of Newburgh, i. pp.306, 406.

93
D.A. Carpenter, ‘The Abbot Ralph of Coggleshall’s account of the last years of King Richard and the first years of King John’, EHR 113 (1998).

94
V.D. Moss, ‘Norman Exchequer Rolls’, loc. cit. p.116.

95
Roger of Wendover, i. pp.316-17;
Annales monastici
, i. pp.26-27; Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.258-59.

96
L. Halphen, ed.,
Recueil d’annales angevines et vendômoises
(Paris, 1903), pp.21-22; Coggleshall, pp.143-46; Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, p.97.

97
Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.347-48.

98
Pollock & Maitland,
History of English Law
, op. cit. ii. pp.500-508.

99
Delaborde,
Recueil des Actes de Philippe
, op. cit. No.933A; T.D. Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi Asservati
(1835), pp.334-35.

100
Powicke,
Loss
, pp.288-90.

101
WM, ii. p.151.

102
Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, pp.99-100.

103
Powicke,
Loss
, pp.281, 290-91.

104
A.L. Poole,
Domesday Book
, pp.433-41.

105
N. Barratt, ‘The Revenue of King John’, EHR 111 (1996), pp.835-55.

106
Powicke,
Loss
, p.305.

107
Sean Duffy, ‘John and Ireland’; A.A.M. Duncan, ‘John King of England and the King of Scots’; Ifor W. Rowlands, ‘King John and Wales’, in Church,
King John
, pp.221-87.

108
Powicke,
Loss
, pp.303-06.

CHAPTER 14

1
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.223; ii. p.227.

2
Recueil des Actes de Philippe-Auguste
, ii. pp.403-11, 418-21, 460-62, 470-72, 483-85, 493-503.

3
Coggleshall, p.103.

4
Curia Regis Rolls of the Reigns of Richard I, John and Henry III preserved in the Public Record Office
, 7-8 John, pp.101-02.

5
WM, ii. p.151.

6
Ibid., ii. p.155.

7
Coggleshall, p.151.

8
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.96-97.

9
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 55.

10
Coggleshall, pp.148-49.

11
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.97-98.

12
Painter,
King John
, pp.25-29.

13
Ifor W. Rowlands, ‘King John and Wales’, in Church,
King John
, pp.273-87 (at pp.275-76).

14
Norgate,
John Lackland
, p.105.

15
WM, ii. p.149.

16
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.96.

17
WM, ii. pp.151-53.

18
Ibid.

19
Warren,
King John
, p.113.

20
WM, i.

21
Painter,
William Marshal
, pp.138-44.

22
Pipe Roll 7 John, pp.xviii-xx.

23
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 25-42; Pipe Roll 7 John, pp.xiii-xxv.

24
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.98; Coggleshall, pp.152-53.

25
Coggleshall, p.154.

26
Miller,
Richard the Lionheart
, op. cit. p.156.

27
F.W. Brooks,
The English Naval Forces 1199-1272
(1933), p.136; N.A.M. Rodger,
The Safeguard of the Sea
, pp.45-47.

28
Pipe Roll 7 John, p.10; 14 John, p.xix;
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 55, 117.

29
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 62-63.

30
F.W. Brooks, ‘William de Wrotham and the Office of Keeper of the King’s Ports and Galleys’, EHR 40 (1925), pp.570-79; W.R. Powell, ‘The Administration of the Navy and the Stannaries’, EHR 71 (1956), pp.177-88.

31
Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli de liberate ac de misis et praestitis
, op. cit. 139-40; Painter,
King John
, p.40.

32
WM, ii. p.159.

33
Coggleshall, pp.152-53.

34
Roger of Wendover, ii. p.10.

35
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.98.

36
Coggleshall, pp.154-55.

37
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 61;
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 55.

38
Pipe Roll 8 John, p.xviii.

39
Roger of Wendover, iii. p.182;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 62-64.

40
Coggleshall, p.146; Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, pp.100-104.

41
Annales monastici
, v. p.394; Roger of Wendover, ii. pp.13-14; Walter of Coventry, ii. p.198.

42
Roger of Wendover, iii. p.183; Coggleshall, p.156; Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.98.

43
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.164, 223-224.

44
Bradbury,
Philip Augustus
, p.156.

45
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.95.

46
Warren,
King John
, p.120.

47
W.F. Skene, ed.,
Johannes de Fordun Chronica Gentis Scotorum
, 2 vols (Edinburgh, 1872) - hereinafter Fordun - i. p.279.

48
D.E.R. Watt, ed.,
Scotichronicon of Walter Bower
(Edinburgh, 1994) - hereinafter Bower - iv. p.449; A.O. Anderson, ed.,
Chronicle of Melrose
(1936), p.54.

49
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.102-03; Bower, op. cit. pp.449-51.

50
Roger of Wendover, ii. p.50; Fordun, i. p.297;
Annales Monastici
, i. p.29; ii. p.262; F.X. Martin,
A New History of Ireland
(Oxford, 1987), ii. p.139; A.A.M. Duncan, ‘John King of England and the King of Scots’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, pp.244-71 (at p.257).

51
Baldwin,
Government of Philip Augustus
, op. cit. p.207; Castellieri,
Philip II
, op. cit. iv. pp.277-81, 296-97.

52
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.103; Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.102-03; Bower, iv. pp.451-53; Anderson, ed.,
Chronicle of Melrose
, op. cit. p.54.