Richard & John: Kings at War (97 page)

100
Valentine P. Harris,
The Truth about Robin Hood
(1973).

101
J.C. Holt,
Robin Hood
(1982).

102
J.C. Holt, ‘The Ballads of Robin Hood’, PP 18 (1960), pp.89-110.

103
John Major, trans. A. Constable,
A History of Greater Britain
(Scottish History Society 10, 1892), pp.156-57;
Oeuvres d’Augustin Thierry
(Brussels, 1939), i. pp.299-300; John G. Bellamy,
Robin Hood. An Historical Enquiry
(Indiana, 1985), p.20.

104
Maurice Keen,
The Outlaws of Medieval England
(2000), p.176.

105
See Robert Graves,
Homer’s Daughter
(1948).

106
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.243-46.

107
Ibid., pp.247-48.

108
Roger of Wendover (RS 84), i. p.236.

109
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.249-50.

110
A.A.M. Duncan,
Scotland. The Making of the Kingdom
(Edinburgh, 1975), pp.239-40; D.D.R. Owen,
William the Lion
(East Linton, 1997), pp.83-85.

111
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.250-51.

112
J. Gillingham, ‘Richard I, Galley-Warfare and Portsmouth: the beginnings of a Royal Navy’, in M. Prestwich, R.H. Britnell & R. Frame, eds,
Thirteenth-Century England
6 (1995), pp.1-15.

113
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.12-13.

114
M.T. Flanagan,
Irish Society
, op. cit. pp.282-83; J.E. Lloyd,
History of Wales
(1939), ii. pp.579-80; J.J. Crump, ‘The Mortimer Family and the Making of the March’,
Thirteenth Century England
6 (1997), pp.119-20.

115
WM, ii. pp.53-55; J. Barker,
The Tournament in England 1100-1400
(Woodbridge, 1986), pp. 10-11; R. Barber,
The Knight and Chivalry
(Woodbridge, 1995), pp.141-42; Barber & Barker,
Tournaments, Jousts, Chivalry and Pageants in the Middle Ages
(Woodbridge, 1989), pp.160-61.

116
Appleby,
England without Richard
, op. cit. p.223; H.G. Richardson & G.O. Sayles,
The Governance of Medieval England
(Edinburgh, 1963), pp.328-29.

117
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.62, 172; N. Barrett, ‘The English Revenues of Richard I’, loc. cit.; T.H. Lloyd,
The English Wool Trade in the Middle Ages
(Cambridge, 1977), p.8.

118
J.C. Holt,
Magna Carta and Medieval Government
(1985), pp.74-77; A.L. Poole,
Domesday Book
, op. cit. pp.442-43.

CHAPTER 11

1
WM, ii. p.23.

2
Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.283-84.

3
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.252-53.

4
Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, pp.290, 333.

5
Pipe Roll 20 Henry 2, pp.88, 135; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.251.

6
Pipe Roll 6 Richard 1, p.175; T. Stapleton, ed.,
Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae
, 2 vols (1844), i. p.221; ii. p.350.

7
Andreas of Marchiennes,
Sigeberti Continuatio Aquicincta
, MGH, v. p.431.

8
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.127.

9
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, iv. pp.481-85.

10
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.114-18; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.127; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.252-53.

11
Vincent Moss, ‘The Norman Fiscal Revolution 1193-98’, in R. Bonnery & M. Ormrod, eds,
Crises, Revolutions and Self-Sustained Financial Growth
(Stamford, 1999), pp.38-59 (at p.48).

12
WM, ii. pp.19-21.

13
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.114; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.252.

14
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.143.

15
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.115.

16
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.127; ii. p.117 Andreas of Marchiennes, MGH, vi. pp.431-32;
Annales angevines
, op. cit. p.26.

17
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.116; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.253.

18
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.127; Howden,
Chronica
, pp.254-55.

19
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.117; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.252; André Salmon,
Chroniques de Touraine
(Paris, 1847), p.144.

20
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.116-17; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.252;
Annales angevines
, p.27; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.118 WM, ii. p.27.

21
Chronicle of Melrose, i. p.180;
Annales angevines
, p.27; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.117; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.253.

22
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.118;
Annales angevines
, pp.26-27; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.129; iv. pp.530-42; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.255-56; WM, ii. pp.29-35.

23
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.118-19; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.257.

24
WM, ii. p.29.

25
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.130; ii. pp.124-25.

26
William of Newburgh, ii. p.420; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.257-60.

27
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.267.

28
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.124-25; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.268.

29
Landon,
Itinerary
, op. cit. pp.98-103.

30
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.286.

31
Ibid., pp.273, 287.

32
Ibid., p.289; J. Delaville le Roux,
Cartulaire Générale des Hospitaliers
, 4 vols (Paris, 1906), ii. p.179.

33
Gillingham,
Richard Coeur de Lion
, p.119-139.

34
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.121; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.206. For the context see M. Strickland, ‘Provoking or avoiding battle? Challenge, Judicial Duel and Single Combat in Eleventh and Twelfth-Century Warfare’, in Strickland, ed.,
Armies, Chivalry and Warfare in Medieval Britain and France
(Stamford, 1998), pp.317-43.

35
William of Newburgh, ii. p.434; T. Toeche, ‘Kaiser Heinrich V’, in
Jahrbücher der deutschen Geschichte
(1867), p.676; MGH, xxiii. p.870; Leon Vanderkinde, ed.,
La chronique de Giselbert de Mons
(1904), p.330.

36
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.300.

37
William of Newburgh, ii. p.456; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.130; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.301; WM, ii. p.23.

38
William of Newburgh, ii. p.456.

39
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.131; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.302; G. Lacroix de Marles,
Histoire de la domination des Arabes en Espagne et en Portugal
(Paris, 1825), p.435.

40
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.302-03.

41
William of Newburgh, ii. pp.457-59.

42
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.130; Leopold Victor Delisle,
Catalogues des Actes de Philippe-Auguste
(Paris, 1856), p.108.

43
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.530; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.303.

44
D.M. Stenton,
English Justice between the Norman Conquest and the Great Charter
(1964); R. Bartlett, ‘The Hagiography of Angevin England’,
Thirteenth Century England
5 (1995), pp.49-51.

45
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.304.

46
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.131-32.

47
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.304-05.

48
William of Newburgh, ii. pp.460-62; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.132-33; Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, p.107.

49
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.531; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.282, 308.

50
H.F. Delaborde, ed.,
Recueil des actes de Philippe-Auguste
; Landon,
Itinerary
, pp.107-09; Alexander Teulet,
Layettes du Trésor de Charts
(Paris, 1863), p.182; Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.66.

51
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.133; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.532.

52
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.138-40;
Layettes du Trésor
, op. cit. p.184.

53
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.138-40;
Layettes du Trésor
, pp.184-85.

54
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.7.

55
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.130.

56
Landon,
Itinerary
, p.112.

57
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.135;
Layettes du Trésor
, pp.188-89.

58
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.135; ii. pp.168-257; Andreas of Marchiennes,
Sigeberti Continuatio Aquicincta
, MGH, vi. p.433.

59
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.135-36; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.5.

60
J. Laporte, ed.,
Annales de l’abbaye royale de Saint-Pierre de Jumièges
(Rouen, 1954), p.177.

61
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.136; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.5.

62
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.137; Dominique Pitte,
Château-Gaillard
(Vernon, France, 1996); Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, pp.190-95; Kate Norgate,
England under the Angevin Kings
, op. cit. ii. pp.375-80, 411-23.

63
Gerald of Wales, viii. p.290.

64
William of Newburgh, ii. p.500.

65
T. Stapleton, ed.,
Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae
op. cit. ii. pp.309-10, 386; Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, pp.204-06; R.A. Brown, ‘Royal Castle Building in England 1154-1216’, EHR 70 (1955), pp.353-98; Brown,
English Castles
(1954), pp.160-61.

66
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. pp.177-78, 193; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.154.

67
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. p.183; N.A.M. Rodger,
The Safeguard of the Sea
(1997), pp.64-67.

68
Stapleton, ed.,
Magni Rotuli
, op. cit. i. p.xl; ii. p.307; J. Gillingham, ‘Galley, Warfare and Portsmouth. The Beginnings of a Royal Navy’, in
Thirteenth Century England
6 (1995), pp.1-15.

69
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.3-4, 17-18.

70
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.148-50; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.4; Martin Bouquet,
Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France
, xviii. p.358.

71
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.14, 16-17.

72
Ibid., p.18; Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, p.174.

73
J.A. Brutails,
Documents des archives de la Chambre de Comptes de Navarre 1196-1384
(Paris, 1890), pp.1-3.

74
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.13, 124-25; R. Benjamin, ‘A Forty Years War: Toulouse and the Plantagenets 1156-96’,
Historical Research
61 (1988).

75
J. Vaisette,
Histoire de Languedoc
(Paris, 1879), v. p.21.

76
William of Newburgh, i. p.459; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.135; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.147-48; G. Bordonove,
Philippe Auguste le conquérant
(Paris, 1986), p.134.

77
T.H. Lloyd,
The English Wool Trade
pp.8-9; G.G. Dept,
Les influences anglaise et française dans le Comté de Flandre
(Ghent, 1928), pp.24-32.

78
Pipe Roll 9 Richard 1, pp.62, 164; Coggleshall, p.77; Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.152-53; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.19-20; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.138; Rymer,
Foedera
, i. pp.67-68; Stapleton, ed.,
Magni Rotuli
, op. cit. ii. pp.307, 369.

79
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.152; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.19.

80
WM, ii. pp.55-57.

81
William of Newburgh, ii. p.493; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.544;
Annales Monastici
, op. cit. ii. p.152; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.141-43.

82
WM, ii. p.65.

83
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.158.

84
WM, ii. pp.57-61; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.20-24.

85
Coggleshall, p.77; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.20.

86
William of Newburgh, ii. p.495.

87
Coggleshall, pp.77-79; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.20-21; Andreas of Marchiennes,
Sigeberti Continuatio Aquicincta
, MGH, vi. p.434.

88
William of Newburgh, ii. p.496; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.544.

89
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.24; Martene et Durand,
Thesauraus Novus Anecdotorum
(1717), i. pp.1158-59.

90
Landon,
Itinerary
, p.122.