Richard & John: Kings at War (98 page)

91
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.30-31; Bouquet, ed.,
Recueil des Historiens
, op. cit. xviii. p.710.

92
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.545; Coggleshall, p.88; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.37-39; Michel, ed.,
Histoire des ducs de Normandie
, op. cit. p.90.

93
J. Strange, ed.,
Dialogus Miraculorum
, 2 vols (Cologne, 1851), i. p.102; J.M. Lappenberg, ed.,
Chronica Slavorum of Arnold of Lübeck
, MGH (1868), SRG, p.50; J. Ahlers,
Die Welfen und die englischen Könige 1165-1235
, op. cit. pp.169-84; B.U. Hucker,
Kaiser Otto IV
(Hanover, 1990), pp.4-15, 22-35.

94
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.163; Gervase of Canterbury, p.545; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.39; Bouquet,
Recueil
, op. cit. xviii. p.615.

95
A.V. Murray, ‘Richard the Lionheart, Otto of Brunswick and the Earldom of York: Northern England Angevin Succession 1109-91’,
Medieval Yorkshire
23 (1994), pp.5-12; B.U. Hucker,
Kaiser Otto IV
, op. cit. pp.17-19.

96
Ahlers,
Die Welfen
, op. cit. pp.190-96; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.138, 143.

97
Bouquet,
Recueil
, op. cit. xix. p.360; Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.69.

98
Cheney & Semple, eds,
Selected Letters
, op. cit. pp.4-5; Csendes,
Heinrich VI
, p.193.

99
R.H. Bautier,
La France de Philippe Auguste. Le temps des mutations
(Paris, 1982), p.40.

100
Cheney & Semple, op. cit. p.5.

101
Gillingham, ‘Richard I and Berengaria of Navarre’, BIHS 53 (1980), pp.155-72.

102
Coggleshall, p.136; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.138; iii. pp.90-95; WM, ii. pp.35-37; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.19-20, 54.

103
Bouquet,
Recueil
, xxiv. p.758; J. Strange, ed.,
Dialogus Miraculorum of Caesarius of Heisterbach
(Cologne, 1851), i. p.102; M. de Godefroy,
Chronique de Guînes et d’Ardres by Lambert of Ardres
(Paris, 1855), p.371.

104
Andreas of Marchiennes,
Sigeberti Continuatio
, op. cit. p.435; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.573; Bouquet,
Recueil
, xviii. p.572.

105
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.55-56.

106
WM, ii. pp.47-49.

107
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.141-42.

108
WM, ii. pp.47-81; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, v. pp.428, 437; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.164; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.574, Andreas of Marchiennes, op. cit. p.435; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.59-60; Matthew Paris,
Chronica Majora
, op. cit. ii. p.448.

109
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.141-42; ii. pp.138-42.

110
Ibid., ii. pp.136-37; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.60.

111
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.61, 68.

112
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.143-44; WM, ii. pp.67-69; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.70-75.

113
WM, ii. p.77.

114
Ibid., p.81.

115
Ibid., p.87.

116
Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.320.

CHAPTER 12

1
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.79-81; Léopold Victor Delisle,
Catalogue des Actes de Philippe-Auguste
(Paris, 1856), p.130.

2
Coggleshall, p.99; Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita Sancti Hugonis
, ed. D.L. Douie & H. Farmer, 2 vols (Edinburgh, 1962), ii. p.137; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.81.

3
Coggleshall, pp.94-96;
Rogeri de Wendover Chronica sive Flores Historiarum
- hereinafter Roger of Wendover - (RS 1886), i. p.282.

4
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.593;
Annales Monastici
, ii. p.71; Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, op. cit. ii. pp.134-37, 147.

5
D.A. Carpenter,
The Reign of Henry III
(1996), p.436; E.M. Hallam, ‘Royal Burial and the Cult of Kingship in France and England, 1060-1330’, JMH 8 (1982), pp.359-80; Jane Martindale, ‘The Sword on the Stone: Some Resonances of a Medieval Symbol of Power’, ANS 15 (1993), pp.219-30.

6
Landon,
Itinerary
, p.145; J.H. Round,
Calendar of Documents Preserved in France
(1899), p.389.

7
Kathleen Nolan, ‘The Queen’s Choice: Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Tombs at Fontevraud’, in Wheeler & Parsons, eds,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit. pp.376-405; Charles T. Wood, ‘Fontevraud, Dynasticism of Eleanor of Aquitaine’, in ibid., pp.407-22.

8
Jane Martindale, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine: the Last Years’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, op. cit. pp.137-64 (at p.142).

9
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.144-45, ii. pp.142-49;
Annales Monastici
, i. pp.23-24; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.86.

10
Keith Thomas,
Religion and the Rise of Magic
(1971), pp.279-82.

11
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.82-86.

12
Coggleshall, pp.51-52, 56-57, 74-77, 91-98.

13
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.147, 204.

14
J. Gillingham, ‘The Unromantic Death of Richard I’,
Speculum
54 (1979), pp.18-41; F. Arbellot,
La vérité sur la mort de Richard Coeur de Lion
(Paris, 1878).

15
Arbellot, op. cit. pp.61-64; Duplès-Agier,
Chronique de St-Martial de Limoges
, op. cit. p.66.

16
Gillingham,
Richard I
, op. cit. pp.326-27.

17
WM, ii. pp.89-93; Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, op. cit. ii. pp.130-31; Matthew Paris,
Chronica Majora
, ii. pp.451-52.

18
Coggleshall p.96; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, p.148; H.G. Rothwell, ed.,
Chronicles of Walter of Guiseborough
(1957), pp.142-44; N. de Wailly,
Récits d’un ménestrel de Reims
(Paris, 1876), pp.69-70; C. Kohler, ‘Notices et extraits de manuscrits’,
Revue de l’Orient latin
5 (1897), pp.22-26.

19
Coggleshall, p.96.

20
Wailly,
Récits
, op. cit. p.69; A. Perrier, ‘De nouvelles précisions sur la mort de Richard Coeur de Lion’,
Bulletin de la Société Archaéologique et Historique du Limousin
87 (1958), pp.38-44; Rothwell, ed.,
Chronicle of Walter of Guiseborough
, op. cit. p.142; K. Brunner, ed.,
Der mittelenglische versroman über Richard Löwenherz
(Vienna, 1913), p.450.

21
Arbellot,
La vérité sur la mort
, op. cit. pp.61-64; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. section v. lines 440-620; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.82-84.

22
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.592-93;
Annales monastici
, ii. p.71; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.82-84.

23
Brunner, ed.,
Der mittelenglische versroman
, op. cit. pp.9-14; H. Barckhausen, ed.,
Archives municipales de Bordeaux
(Bordeaux, 1890), v. p.396; C. Babington & J.L. Lumby,
Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden
, 9 vols (RS 1886), v. p.336.

24
B.B. Broughton,
The Legends of King Richard
, op. cit.

25
Gillingham, ‘Legends of Richard’, in Nelson, ed.,
Richard Coeur de Lion
, op. cit. pp.53-55; M. Bloch,
Les rois thaumaturges
(Strasbourg, 1924), pp.256-58.

26
Shakespeare,
King John
; Chaucer,
The Nun’s Priest’s Tale
, in N. Coghill, trans.
Canterbury Tales
(1951), p.244; O. de Laborderie, ‘Du souvenir à la réincarnation: l’image de Richard Coeur de Lion dans la Vie et Mort du roi Jean de William Shakespeare’, in Nelson, ed.,
Richard
, op. cit. pp.141-65; E.M.W. Tillyard,
Shakespeare’s History Plays
(1944), pp.221-24.

27
Martin H. Jones, ‘Richard in German Literature’, in Nelson, ed.,
Richard
, op. cit. pp.70-116.

28
Ibn al-Athir,
el-Kamil
, op. cit. p.43.

29
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.85; Jane Martindale, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine: the Last Years’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, op. cit. pp.137-64 (at pp.153-56); Ralph V. Turner, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine in the government of her sons Richard and John’, in Wheeler & Parsons, eds,
Eleanor of Aquitaine. Lord and Lady
, op. cit. pp.77-95 (at pp.86-89).

30
Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, op. cit. ii. p.137; Coggleshall, p.99.

31
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.85-86;
Annales monastici
, i. p.24; iv. p.51; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.63-65; Martindale, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine: the Last Years’, loc. cit. p.147.

32
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.83; Glanville,
De legibus et consuetudinibus Angliae
, ed. Woodbine, pp.101-04; Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, p.130.

33
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.77.

34
Nicholas Vincent,
Peter des Roches
(Cambridge, 1996), pp.23-26.

35
WM, ii. p.95.

36
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.86-87.

37
Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, ii. pp.136-38.

38
Tardif, ed.,
Le très ancien contumier de Normandie
, pp.12-13.

39
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.87-88.

40
Coggleshall, pp.98-99; WM, ii. p.97; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.88-90.

41
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.145-46; Richard,
Comtes de Poitou
, op. cit. ii. pp.332-53; Delaborde, ed.,
Recueil des Actes de Philippe
, ii. Nos 607-08.

42
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.95.

43
Powicke,
Loss of Normandy
, p.133.

44
J. Laporte, ed.,
Annales de l’Abbaye Royale de Saint-Pierre de Jumièges
(Rouen, 1954), p.77; T.D. Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli Chartarum 1199-1216
(1837), 30-31; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.93-95.

45
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.146; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.95; Richard,
Comtes
, op. cit. ii. pp.352-54; J.C. Holt, ‘Aliénor d’Aquitaine. Jean sans terre et la succession de 1199’,
Cahiers de civilisation médiévale
29 (1986), pp.95-100.

46
WM, ii. p.105; Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli Chartarum
, op. cit. p.30; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.94, 96.

47
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.96-97; Norgate,
John Lackland
, pp.70-71; Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.337-38.

48
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.166-67.

49
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.153; D.E. Queller,
The Fourth Crusade
(Leicester, 1978), pp.1-3.

50
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.92.

51
Delaborde, ed.,
Recueil des Actes de Philippe
, ii. pp.178-85; E. M. Hallam,
Capetian France 987-1328
(Harlow, 1980), p.183.

52
Coggleshall, p.101; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.148; Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli Chartarum
, 96; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.115.

53
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.106-07; J.Boussard, ‘Philippe Auguste et les Plantagenêts’, in R.H. Bautier,
La France de Philippe Auguste: Le temps de mutations
(Paris, 1982), pp.263-89 (at p.279).

54
Coggleshall, p.101;
Annales monastici
, i. p.25; iii. p.27; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.157; E. Lavisse,
Histoire de la France depuis les origines jusqu’à la Révolution
, (Paris, 1911), iii. Pt 1 pp.124-26.

55
F. Lot,
Fidèles ou vassaux
(Paris, 1904), pp.23-25; Warren,
King John
, p.56.

56
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.148.

57
Delaborde, ed.,
Recueil des Actes de Philippe
, ii. pp.180, 186, 205-08.

58
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.92-93.

59
Smail,
Crusading Warfare
, op. cit. pp.60-62.

60
William of Newburgh, i. pp.484-85; Pipe Roll 9 Richard I, pp.xix-xxii; H.E. Butler, ed.,
The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakeland
(1949), pp.85-86; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.40.

61
C. Johnson, ed.,
Dialogus de Scaccario
, op. cit. p.1; William of Newburgh, i. p.406; Hardy, ed.,
Rotuli Normanniae
(1835), p.79; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.62-63; J.H. Round,
Feudal England
, op. cit. pp.539-51; J.O. Prestwich, ‘War and Finance in the Anglo-Norman State’, TRHS 5th Series iv (1954), pp.19-43.

62
J.C. Holt, ‘The Loss of Normandy and Royal Finance’, in Gillingham & Holt, eds,
War and Government in the Middle Ages
, op. cit. Nick Barratt, ‘The Revenues of John and Philip Augustus Revisited’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, pp.75-99; V. Moss, ‘The Norman Fiscal Revolution 1193-98’, in R. Bonney & M. Ormrod, eds,
Crises, Revolutions and Self-Sustained Fiscal Growth
(Stamford, 1999), pp.38-57; V. Moss, ‘Normandy and England in 1180: the Pipe Roll Evidence’, in D. Bates & A. Curry, eds,
England and Normandy in the Middle Ages
(1994).