Richard & John: Kings at War (102 page)

70
Bolton, ‘The English Economy’, loc. cit. p.40.

71
Maurice Beresford,
New Towns of the Middle Ages
(1967), p.328.

72
Ibid., pp.88, 336-37.

73
Pamela Nightingale,
A Medieval Mercantile Community: The Grocers’ Company and the Politics of Trade of London 1000-1465
(Yale, 1995), pp.54-55.

74
N.S.B. Gras,
The Early English Customs System
(Harvard, 1918), pp.221-22; Beresford,
New Towns
, op. cit. p.89.

75
Beresford, op. cit. p.336.

76
Nightingale, op. cit. p.35.

77
Peter Spufford,
Money and its Use in Medieval Europe
(Cambridge, 1988), pp.382-83.

78
Bartlett,
England under
, pp.339-40.

79
Ibid., p.216.

80
Ibid., pp.316-30.

81
David Knowles,
The Monastic Order in England
(1963), pp.363-70.

82
Alice M. Cooke, ‘The Settlement of the Cistercians in England’, EHR 8 (1893), pp.625-76.

83
J.C. Dickinson,
The Origin of the Augustinian Canons
(1950); H.M. Colvin,
The White Canons in England
(Oxford, 1951).

84
M.D. Knowles & R.N. Hadcock,
Religious Houses of Medieval England
(1953), pp.59-72, 73-78, 80-95, 104-112, 115-116.

85
H.E. Butler,
The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakeland
(1949), pp.12-17.

86
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.372-481.

87
Joan Wardrop,
Fountains Abbey and its Benefactors 1132-1300
(Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1987).

88
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 14.

89
Bartlett,
England under
, pp.199-201.

90
Vincent,
Peter des Roches
, op. cit. pp.89-90.

91
Warren,
King John
, p.126.

92
F. West,
The Justiciarship in England 1066-1232
(Cambridge, 1966), passim.

93
Painter,
King John
, p.92.

94
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.216-19; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.4-5.

95
Bartlett,
England under
, p.151.

96
Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.121.

97
Poole,
Domesday Book
, pp.403-05.

98
Vincent,
Peter des Roches
, pp.100-06.

99
Bartlett,
England under
, p.191.

100
Poole,
Domesday Book
, pp.406-08.

101
Ralph Turner, ‘John and Justice’, in Church,
King John
, pp.317-33 (at p.323).

102
Ibid., p.325.

103
Ralph Turner, ‘King John’s Concept of Royal Authority’,
History of Political Thought
17 (1996), pp.157-78.

104
Robert Bartlett,
Trial by Fire and Water. The Medieval Judicial Ordeal
(Oxford, 1986).

105
Pocock & Maitland,
The History of English Law
, op. cit. ii. p.599; Bartlett,
Trial
, op. cit. pp.66, 69.

106
See J. Sayers,
Innocent III
,
Leader of Europe, 1198
-
1216
(1994); C.R. Cheney,
Pope Innocent III and England
(1976); Norman P. Tanner, ed.,
Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils
(Washington D.C., 1990).

107
Hugh Thomas,
Vassals, Heiresses, Crusaders and Thugs: the Gentry of Angevin Yorkshire 1154-1216
(Philadelphia, 1993), pp.73-85.

108
Warren,
King John
, pp.143-44.

109
Turner, ‘John and Justice’, loc. cit. pp.321-22.

110
Bartlett,
Trial
, p.53, 98, 100.

CHAPTER 16

1
Z.N. Brooke,
The English Church and the Papacy from the Conquest to the Reign of John
(Cambridge, 1931); C.R. Cheney,
From Beckett to Langton; English Church Government 1170-1213
(Manchester, 1956); C.R. Cheney,
Hubert Walter
(1967); C.R. Cheney,
Pope Innocent III and England
(Stuttgart, 1976).

2
F. Pollock & F.W. Maitland,
History of English Law before the Time of Edward I
, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1898), ii. pp.197 et seq.

3
L. Delisle & E. Berger, eds,
Recueil des Actes de Henri II
(Paris, 1927), i. p.587.

4
J.C. Holt,
King John
(1963), pp.13-14; R.V. Turner,
King John
(1994), p.263.

5
A. Biggs, trans. & ed.,
Handbook of Church History 4: From the High Middle Ages to the Reformation
(1970), p.152.

6
C.R. Cheney,
Innocent III and England
(Stuttgart, 1976), pp.99-100.

7
C.R. Cheney et al., ed,
The Letters of Innocent III (1198-1216) Concerning England and Wales
(Oxford, 1967), pp.32, 65, 76, 78, 94-95 (Nos. 184, 398, 465, 476-77, 578-79).

8
Roger of Wendover, ii. p.10; Cheney,
Hubert Walter
, pp.105-106.

9
V.H. Galbraith,
An Introduction to the Use of Public Records
(Oxford, 1934), p.20; Galbraith,
Studies in the Public Records
(1948), pp.71-80.

10
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. pp.75-76; Pipe Roll 7 Richard I, pp.179, 225.

11
Cheney,
Hubert Walter
, pp.93-94.

12
Curia Regis Rolls, vi. p.271; Pipe Rolls 7 John, p.116.

13
M.D. Knowles,
The Monastic Order in England. A History of its Development from the times of St Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council 943-1216
(Cambridge, 1940), pp.208-226.

14
Walter of Coventry, pp.xlix-liii; M.D. Knowles, ‘The Canterbury Election of 1204-05’, EHR 53 (1938), pp.211-20; cf. Knowles,
Monastic Order
, op. cit. pp.319-22, 325-27.

15
Painter,
King John
, p.155.

16
C. Harper-Bill, ‘John and the Church of Rome’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, pp.289-315 (at p.294).

17
Cole,
Documents Illustrative
, op. cit. p.274; Pipe Roll 7 John, p.10.

18
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. p.99.

19
C.R. Cheney, ‘A Neglected Record of the Canterbury Election of 1205-06’,
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
21 (1918).

20
F.M. Powicke,
Stephen Langton
(1929), pp.3-4, 75.

21
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 74; Walter of Coventry, ii. p.199; R.A.L. Smith, ‘The Central Financial System of Christchurch Canterbury, 1186-1512’, EHR 55 (1940), pp.353-369.

22
B. Bolton, ‘Philip Augustus and John. Two Sons in Innocent III’s Vineyard’, in D. Wood, ed.,
The Church and Sovereignty c.590-1918
(Oxford, 1991), pp.113-34; Warren,
King John
, pp.171-72.

23
Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, eds Douie & Farmer, ii. pp.137-44.

24
Ibid., pp.142-44.

25
H.E. Butler, ed.,
The Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakeland
(1949), pp.116-17.

26
Jim Bradbury, ‘Philip Augustus and King John’, in Church,
King John
, p.350.

27
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.xcii-iii; T.M. Parker, ‘The Interdict of Innocent III’,
Speculum
11 (1936), pp.258-60.

28
Cheney,
From Becket to Langton
, op. cit. p.94.

29
Cheney, ed.,
Letters of Innocent III
, p.126.

30
Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, op. cit. pp.91-96; E.B. Krehbiel,
The Interdict, its History and Operation
(Washington, 1909).

31
C.R. Cheney, ‘King John and the Papal Interdict’,
Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
31 (1948), pp.295-317.

32
Annales monastici
, i. p.28.

33
Warren,
King John
, p.166.

34
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 80.

35
Annales monastici
, i. p.28.

36
Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, pp.97-98.

37
Bradbury,
Philip Augustus
, pp.184-87.

38
C.R. Cheney, ‘King John’s Reaction to the Interdict in England’,
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 4th series, 31 (1949), pp.129-50.

39
Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, op. cit. ii. p.143.

40
Cheney, ‘King John’s Reaction’, loc. cit. p.131.

41
H.T. Riley, ed.,
Gesta Abbatum S. Albani
(RS 1869), i. pp.241-43; Pipe Roll 12 John, pp.215-16; Pipe Roll 13 John, p.65.

42
Letters of Innocent III
, p.157 (No.947); Harper-Bill, ‘John and the Church of Rome’, loc. cit. pp.306-07.

43
Gerald of Wales, iv. p.313.

44
Poole,
Domesday Book
, op. cit. p.183.

45
Annales monastici
, ii. p.261.

46
Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, pp.117-20.

47
Annales monastici
, iii. p.32.

48
Roger of Wendover, iii. pp.228-237; Warren,
King John
, p.169.

49
J. Sayers,
Innocent III, Leader of Europe, 1198-1216
(1994), p.80.

50
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.102-03.

51
Pipe Roll 10 John, p.110.

52
S.K. Mitchell,
Studies in Taxation under Henry II
(Yale, 1914) pp.105-109.

53
Cheney, ‘King John and the Papal Interdict’, loc. cit. pp.310-11.

54
Cheney, ‘King John’s Reaction’, loc. cit. p.129.

55
Cheney, ‘King John and the Papal Interdict’, loc. cit. pp.304-05; Cheney, ‘King John’s Reaction’, loc. cit. pp.147-48.

56
Harper-Bill, ‘John and the Church of Rome’, loc. cit. pp.306-07.

57
Annales monastici
, iv. p.397.

58
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.103-04;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 89-90.

59
Nicholas Vincent,
Peter des Roches
(Cambridge, 1999), pp.47-55.

60
Gervase of Canterbury, ii. pp.cviii-cx; Walter of Coventry, ii. p.199; Coggleshall, p.165.

61
Harper-Bill, ‘John and the Church of Rome’, loc. cit. p.306.

62
Annales monastici
, ii. p.173; Cheney, ‘King John and the Papal Interdict’, pp.279-300.

63
Norgate,
John Lackland
, p.136.

64
Rotuli litterarum clausarum
, i. 111.

65
Walter of Coventry, ii. p.203; Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, p.109.

66
Rotuli de liberate ac de misis
, 112, 141, 149, 151, 153, 158, 165.

67
Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, pp.125-27; Powicke,
Stephen Langton
, op. cit. pp.86-87; Painter,
King John
, pp.186-87.

68
Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, pp.130-36.

69
Cheney, ‘The Alleged Deposition of King John’, in
Studies Presented to F.M. Powicke
(Oxford, 1948), pp.100-16.

70
Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, p.164.

71
Ibid., pp.141-42.

72
Cole,
Documents Illustrative
, pp.260, 263.

73
Walter of Coventry, ii. p.210.

74
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. pp.111-12;
Rotuli Chartarum
, i. p.195.

75
Rotuli Chartarum
, i. 191-92;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 140-41; Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.122;
Annales monastici
, ii. p.268; Coggleshall, p.165.

76
Semple & Cheney,
Selected Letters
, pp.149-51.

77
Ibid., p.150.

78
Letters of Innocent
, p.157 (No.947);
Rotuli Chartarum
, i. 208-09; Roger of Wendover, ii. pp.100-03; Cheney, ‘King John’s Reaction to the Interdict’, loc. cit. p.129.

79
Matthew Paris,
Historia Anglorum
, op. cit. ii. pp.135, 146-48.

80
Powicke,
Stephen Langton
, pp.98, 104, 130, 134.

81
Roger of Wendover, ii. p.81.

82
Walter of Coventry, ii. p.210; Roger of Wendover, ii. pp.97-98.

83
Walter of Coventry, ii. pp.213-14; Coggleshall, p.170; Harper-Bill, ‘John and the Church of Rome’, loc. cit. pp.309-10.

84
Letters of Innocent
, pp.162, 167. (Nos 976, 1004)

85
Natalie Fryde, ‘King John and the Empire’, in Church,
King John
, pp.335-46.

86
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.371.

87
H. Hall, ed.,
Red Book of the Exchequer
, 3 vols (1896), i. pp.11-12.

88
Dialogus de Scaccario
, p.96.

89
Warren,
King John
, p.183.

90
Pipe Roll 6 John, p.30;
Rotuli Chartarum
, i. 201.