Richard & John: Kings at War (91 page)

20
L. Clédat,
Du rôle historique de Bertran de Born 1178-1200
(Paris, 1879); A. Stimming, ed.,
Bertran de Born
(Halle, 1913); A. Thomas, ed.,
Poésies complètes de Bertran de Born
(Toulouse, 1888).

21
M. Bloch,
Feudal Society
(1961), pp.293, 296.

22
Moore,
Young King Henry Plantagenet
, p.47.

23
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.578-79.

24
Dunbabin,
France in the Making
, op. cit. p.371.

25
Jim Bradbury,
Philip Augustus, King of France 1180-1223
(1998), p.43.

26
Gerald of Wales, vi. pp.293-94.

27
W.D. Paden, T. Sankovitch & P.H. Stablein,
The Poems of the Troubadour Bertran de Born
(Berkeley, 1986), pp.176-83.

28
D. Crouch,
William Marshal
, p.20.

29
Ibid., p.38.

30
Juliet Barker,
The Tournament in England 1100-1400
(Woodbridge, 1986); Juliet Barker & Richard Barber,
Jousts, Chivalry and Pageants in the Middle Ages
(Woodbridge, 1989).

31
WM, i. pp.361-69.

32
Ibid.

33
H. J. Schroeder,
Disciplinary Decrees of the General Council: Text, Translation and Commentary
(St Louis, 1937), pp.195-213.

34
Crouch,
William Marshal
, pp.48-50.

35
WM, i. pp.173-75.

36
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.428.

37
Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.207; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.166-67.

38
WM, i. p.183.

39
Gerald of Wales, v. p.194.

40
Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.289; Crouch,
William Marshal
, pp.45-46.

41
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.19; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.291.

42
Raynouard, ed.,
Bertran de Born
, op. cit p.47; Stimming,
Bertran de Born
, p.114.

43
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.177-79; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.29.

44
B.A. Pocquet du Haut-Jussé, ‘Les Plantagenêts et la Bretagne’,
Annales de Bretagne
53 (1946), pp.1-27.

45
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.406; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.239; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.192; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.275; Boussard,
Le gouvernment d’Henri II
, op. cit. p.548.

46
Pocquet du Haut-Jussé, ‘Les Plantagenêts’, loc. cit. pp.15-26.

47
Gerald of Wales, v. p.200.

48
S. Painter, ‘The houses of Lusignan and Chatellerault 1150-1250,
Speculum
30 (1955), pp.374-84; Painter,
Feudalism and Liberty
, ed. F.A. Cazel (Baltimore, 1961), pp.73-89; Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.69.

49
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.18, 294; Kate Norgate,
Richard the Lionheart
, op. cit. p.46.

50
Warren,
Henry II
, p.587.

51
WM, i. pp.315, 335.

52
Paden, Sankovitch & Stablein, eds,
Bertran de Born
, op.cit. pp.182-83.

53
Ibid., pp.160-73.

54
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.304; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.18-19; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.292; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.240.

55
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.304; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.19; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.292, 296.

56
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.295; Kate Norgate,
Richard the Lionheart
, p.50.

57
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.18-19; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.291-96; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.274.

58
Geoffrey of Vigeois in Labbe, ed.,
Novae Bibliothecae
, ii. p.331; Howden,
Gesta
, pp.296-97; Norgate,
Richard the Lionheart
, pp.50-56.

59
Vigeois, op. cit. ii. pp.332-38; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.297-300.

60
WM, i. pp.323-25.

61
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.302-04; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. pp.305-06.

62
Paden, Sankovitch & Stablein,
Bertran de Born
, pp.184-89.

63
Ibid., pp.280-81.

64
Ibid., pp.278-79.

65
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.302-04.

66
Paden, Sankovitch & Stablein,
Bertran de Born
, pp.204-13.

67. Op. cit. pp.286-87.

CHAPTER 4

1
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.415; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.124-25; ii. p.73.

2
Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.268; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.77-79.

3
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.177-79. On John’s height see V. Green,
An Account of the Discovery of the Body of King John in the Cathedral Church of Winchester, July 17, 1797
(1797).

4
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.335-36.

5
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.177-79.

6
J.T. Appleby, ed.,
Chronicon Richardi Divisensis de tempore Regis Richardi Primi
- hereinafter Richard of Devizes - (1963), p.60; Matthew Paris,
Chronica Majora
, ed. H.R. Luard, 7 vols (RS 1883), ii. pp.560-63.

7
J.P. Appleby,
England without Richard 1189-99
(1965), p.8.

8
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.78, 119, 134, 559, 625.

9
Paden et al.,
Bertran de Born
, op. cit. pp.186-87.

10
N. Vincent, ‘King Henry II and the Poitevins’, in M. Aurell, ed.,
Actes du Colloque
(Poitiers, 2001), pp.103-35.

11
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.304-08.

12
Ibid., p.311; F.M. Powicke,
The Loss of Normandy
(1961), p.232.

13
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.28-29; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.311, 319-20.

14
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.313, 319-21; U. Kessler,
Richard I. Löwenherz, König, Kreuzritter, Abenteurer
(Graz, 1995), pp.34-35; Ferdinand, Opll,
Friedrich Barbarossa
(Darmstadt, 1990), pp.141, 144, 291.

15
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.334, 337.

16
Ibid., pp.337-38.

17
Ibid., pp.343-44, 350; Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.175-76.

18
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.33-34; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.32; William of Newburgh, i. p.247; Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.208-09.

19
Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.186.

20
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.197-98; M.T. Flanagan,
Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers, Angevin Kingship
(Oxford, 1989), pp.7-55; Warren, ‘The Interpretation of Twelfth Century Irish History’, in J.C. Beckett, ed.,
Historical Studies
7 (1969), pp.1-19.

21
William of Newburgh, i. p.167.

22
Gerald of Wales, v. p.227; Flanagan,
Irish Society
, op. cit. pp.56-78.

23
Gerald of Wales, v. pp.228-30, 246-47.

24
Flanagan,
Irish Society
, pp.79-136.

25
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.234-35; G.H. Orpen,
Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333
, 4 vols (Oxford, 1920), i. pp.81-84; M.T. Flanagan, ‘Strongbow, Henry II and Anglo-Norman Intervention in Ireland’, in J. Gillingham & J.C. Holt, eds,
War and Government in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of J.O. Prestwich
(Woodbridge, 1984), pp.74-77.

26
Gerald of Wales, v. pp.227-28, 259; William of Newburgh, i. p.168.

27
William of Newburgh, i. pp.167-68; Flanagan,
Irish Society
, pp.167-228.

28
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.235; Gerald of Wales, v. p.273.

29
Gerald of Wales, v. pp.277-79; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.235.

30
Gerald of Wales, v. pp.355-56; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.270.

31
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.102-03; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.84-85.

32
A.B. Scott & F.X. Martin,
The Conquest of Ireland by Gerald of Wales
(Dublin, 1978), p.169; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.161-65; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.100, 133; Flanagan,
Irish Society
, pp.229-272.

33
Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.336.

34
Ibid., p.339; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.306-07; Flanagan,
Irish Society
, pp.273-304.

35
Scott & Martin, eds,
Conquest
, op. cit. pp.205, 229; Lewis Warren, ‘King John in Ireland, 1185’, in J. Bosy & P. Jupp, eds,
Essays Presented to Michael Roberts
(Belfast, 1976), pp.11-23.

36
Conquest
, op. cit. pp.237-39.

37
Sean Duffy, ‘John and Ireland: the Origin of England’s Irish Problem’, in S.D. Church, ed.,
King John: New Interpretations
(Woodbridge, 1999), pp.221-45 (at p.230).

38
Conquest
, pp.235-39.

39
W.M. Hennessy, ed.,
The Annals of Loch Cé
, 2 vols (RS 1871), i. pp.171-73.

40
W.L. Warren, ‘The Historian as “Private Eye” ’, in J.G. Barry, ed.
Historical Studies
(Belfast, 1974), pp.1-18.

41
Conquest
, p.235; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.339.

42
William of Newburgh, i. p.237; J. T. Gilbert, ed.,
Chartularies of St Mary’s Abbey, Dublin
, 2 vols (RS 1886), ii. p.305; Gilbert, ed.,
Historic and Municipal Documents of Ireland
(RS 1870), p.49; J. O’Donovan, ed.,
Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters
, 7 vols (Dublin, 1851), iii. pp.68-69.

43
W.L. Warren, ‘John in Ireland 1185’, loc. cit., convincingly rebutted by Sean Duffy, ‘John in Ireland’, in Church, ed.,
King John. New Interpretations
, pp.221-245.

44
Gerald of Wales, v. pp.395-97.

45
Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.339, ii. pp.3-4; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.306-07. Some historians claim there never was such a crown (Duffy, ‘John in Ireland’, p.229).

46
R.C. Christie, ed.,
Annales Cestrienses: or the Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester
(LCRS 14, 1886), pp.34-35.

47
Gerald of Wales, viii. p.176.

48
R. Benjamin, ‘A Forty Year War. Toulouse and the Plantagenets, 1156-1196’,
Historical Research
61 (1988), pp.276-84.

49
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.345-47.

50
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.43-44; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.350-55.

51
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.77; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.346; Jim Bradbury,
Philip Augustus. King of France 1180-1223
(1998), pp.64-65.

52
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.77-78; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.346.

53
R. Anstruther, ed.,
Radulphi Nigri Chronica
(1852), p.168; Robertson, ed.,
Materials
, iii. p.43; vi. p.456.

54
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, ii. pp.89, 101; Gerald of Wales, viii. p.232; Richard of Devizes, p.26; Andreas of Marchiennes,
Historia Regum Francorum
in
Monumenta Historica Germaniae. Scriptores
26, p.211; U. Kessler,
Richard I Löwenherz
, op. cit. pp.38-44. For the son borne by Alice to Henry see E.A. Bond, ed.,
Chronica monasterii de Melsa
- hereinafter Chronicle of Meaux - 3 vols (RS 1868), i. p.256.

55
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.370-72.

56
Ibid., pp.371-73; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.7.

57
J. Gillingham, ‘Some legends of Richard the Lionheart: their development and their influence’, in Janet L. Nelson,
Richard Coeur de Lion in History and Myth
(1992), pp.51-70 (at pp.60-64); C. Morris,
The Discovery of the Individual 1050-1200
(1972), pp.96-97.

58
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.78-79; Geoffrey of Monmouth,
Historia Regum Britanniae
, ed. A. Griscom (1928), pp.456-57; James Brundage,
Richard the Lionheart
(N.Y. 1974), pp.255-58; Gillingham, ‘Some legends’, loc. cit. p.63.

59
Supporters include the historians W. Stubbs,
Memorials of Richard I
(RS 1864), i. pp.xx-xxi; also W.L. Warren, Steven Runciman and G.W.S. Barrow. Cf. also Emma Mason, ‘William Rufus. Myth and Reality’,
Journal of Medieval History
3 (1977), pp.1-20; Richard,
Histoire des comtes de Poitou
, op. cit. ii. p.330.

60
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.288-90; Gillingham, ‘Some legends’, pp.61-62.

61
R.F. Burton,
Arabian Nights
(1885); Laurence Echard,
The History of England
(1707), pp.211, 226; Paul de Papin-Thoyras,
The History of England
(1732), pp.241, 257; J.H. Harvey,
The Plantagenets
(1948), pp.33-34.

62
Richard,
Histoire des comtes de Poitou
op. cit. ii. p.272; P. Rassow,
Der Prinzgemahl. Ein Pactum matrimoniale aus dem Jahre 1188
(Weimar, 1950), p.79; H.G. Richardson, ‘The Letters and Charters of Eleanor of Aquitaine’, EHR 24 (1959), pp.191-213; E.R. Labande, ‘Pour une image véridique d’Aliénor d’Aquitaine’, loc. cit. pp.218-19; E.A.R. Brown, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine: parent, queen and duchess’, in Kibler, ed.,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit. pp.20-21; Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.264.