Richard & John: Kings at War (90 page)

2
BN Latin MSS.5480; W.L. Warren,
King John
(1961), p.26.

3
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.382.

4
Andrew L. Lewis, ‘The Birth and Childhood of King John: Some Revisions’, in Bonnie Wheeler & John C. Parsons,
Eleanor of Aquitaine. Lord and Lady
(2002), pp.159-75. Cf. also Robert of Gloucester,
Chronicle
, in
Works of Thomas Hearne
, 2 vols (1810), ii. p.484, Howlett,
Chronicles
, op. cit. iv. pp.195, 207, 221, 233, 252.

5
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.16-17, 269-70; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. pp.176, 183, 195, 197, 211, 226; R.W. Eyton,
Court, Household and Itinerary of Henry II
(1878), ii. pp.54-55.

6
Georges Duby,
Dames au XIIe siècle
(Paris, 1996), p.32; Elizabeth A.R. Brown, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine: Parent, Queen and Duchess’, in Kibler, ed.,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit. pp.9-23 (at p.16); Labande, ‘Pour une image véridique’, loc. cit. pp.202-03; Lewis, ‘Birth and Childhood of King John’, loc. cit. p.165.

7
Jacqueline Smith, ‘Robert of Arbussel’s relations with women’, in Baker, ed.,
Medieval Women
, op. cit. pp.175-84.

8
Lewis, ‘Birth and Childhood of King John’, loc. cit. pp.167-68, 175.

9
Ralph V. Turner, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine and her children: an inquiry into medieval family attachment’,
Journal of Medieval History
14 (1988), pp.325-26.

10
Elizabeth A.R. Brown, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine’, loc. cit; Lois L. Huneycutt, ‘Public Lives, Private Ties, Royal Mothers in England and Scotland c. 1070-1204’, in John Parsons & Bonnie Wheeler, eds,
Medieval Mothering
(1996), pp.297-98, 306-08.

11
Lewis, ‘Birth and Childhood of King John’, loc. cit pp.168-69.

12
Op. cit. p.175.

13
Howlett,
Chronicles
, iii. p.408.

14
Coggleshall, pp.324-25; S. Painter,
The Reign of King John
(Baltimore, 1949), pp.48-54.

15
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.292-93.

16
Walter Map,
Courtiers’ Trifles
(Oxford, 1983), pp.450-51.

17
See Susan Reynolds,
Fiefs and Vassals. The Medieval Evidence Reinter preted
(Oxford, 1994); Elizabeth A.R. Brown, ‘The Tyranny of a Construct Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe’, AHR 79 (1974), pp.1063-88; Paul R. Hyams, ‘The End of Feudalism?’,
Journal of Interdisciplinary History
(1997), pp.655-72.

18
Susan Mosher Stuard,
Women in Medieval Society
(Pennsylvania, 1993); David Herlihy,
Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe. Historical Essays
(1995); Henrietta Leyser,
Medieval Women. A Social History of Women in England 450-1500
(1995).

19
William of Newburgh, i. p.114; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.197.

20
Warren,
Henry II
, op. cit. pp.108-09.

21
J.F. Le Marignier,
Recherches sur l’hommage en marche et les frontières féodales
(Lille, 1945), pp.38-45; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. pp.160-64.

22
F. Barlow, ed.,
The Letters of Arnulf of Lisieux
(Camden Society, 1939), pp.32-33 (letter 24); Barlow, ‘The English, Norman and French councils called to deal with the papal schism of 1159’, EHR 51 (1936), pp.264-68.

23
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.88-90.

24
Robertson, ed.,
Materials
, op. cit. vi. pp.206-07, 323; vii. p.217; Raymond Foreville,
L’Eglise et la royauté en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenêt 1154-1189
(Paris, 1943), pp.280-83; Anne Heslin, ‘The Coronation of the Young King in 1170’, in G.J. Cuming, ed.,
Studies in Church History
2 (1968), pp.165-78.

25
Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.245; Robertson, ed.,
Materials
, vii. pp.309, 316-17.

26
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.6-7; Howlett,
Chronicles
, pp.247-48.

27
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.207-08; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.336-37; Richard,
Les comtes de Poitou
, ii. p.150.

28
Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.31.

29
Ibid., pp.35-41; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.41-45; C. Devic & J. Vaissete,
Histoire générale de Languedoc
, 6 vols (Toulouse, 1905), v. pp.11-12; M. Pacaut,
Louis VII et son royaume
(Paris, 1964), p.191; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.255;
Recueil des Actes de Henri II roi d’Angleterre et duc de Normandie
, ed. Delisle & Berger, op. cit. ii. pp.1-4; Prévité-Orton,
The Early History of the House of Savoy 1000-1233
(Cambridge, 1912), pp.337-41.

30
Howlett,
Chronicles
, ii. p.146; Kate Norgate,
John Lackland
(1902), p.2.

31
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.34-35, 41; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.255.

32
WM, i. p.101.

33
Ibid., i. p.135.

34
See O.H. Moore,
The Young King Henry Plantagenet 1155-1183 in History, Literature and Tradition
(Columbus, Ohio, 1925), passim; cf. also R.J. Smith, ‘Henry II’s Heir: the Acta and Seal of Henry the Young King, 1170-83’, EHR 116 (2001), pp.297-326.

35
A. Thomas,
Poésies complètes de Bertran de Born
(Toulouse, 1888), p.6.

36
Howden,
Gesta
, i. p34; Howden,
Chronica
, i. p.32.

37
Dante,
Divine Comedy
, Canto 28, lines 133-35.

38
Howlett,
Chronicles
, pp.255-56.

39
Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.41; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.41-45; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.242; Howlett,
Chronicles
, i. pp.169-70; P. Labbe,
Novae Bibliothecae Manuscriptorum Librorum
(Paris, 1657), ii. p.319.

40
Robertson, ed.,
Materials
, iii. pp.116, 118-19, 478-83; v. pp.57, 270, 328-29; vi. pp.57-58; vii. pp.216, 330, 357-58, 382-95, 400.

41
Warren,
Henry II
, p.118.

42
Kate Norgate,
England under the Angevin Kings
, 2 vols (1887), ii. p.134.

43
Labbe,
Novae Bibliothecae
, op. cit. ii. p.319; Howlett,
Chronicles
, i. pp.170-72; iv. p.256; Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.242-43; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.41-43; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.46; Ralph of Diceto, i. p.355.

44
Howden, ibid.

45
Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.355-66.

46
M. Bouquet et al, eds,
Recueil des historiens de Gaule et de la France
, 24 vols (Paris, 1904), xvi. pp.629-30.

47
Millor, Butler & Brooke, eds,
Letters of John of Salisbury
, op. cit. ii. pp.342-46; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.242.

48
Alison Weir,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit. pp.196-97.

49
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.519-49.

50
Ibid., pp.119-21.

51
D.D.R. Owen,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
(Oxford, 1993), pp.114-48.

52
Labande, ‘Pour une image’, loc. cit. pp.208-09; cf. J. Brundage,
Law, Sex and Christian Society in Medieval Europe
(Chicago, 1987).

53
Pernoud,
Aliénor d’Aquitaine
, op. cit. p.151.

54
Martindale, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine’, loc. cit. p.44.

55
J.F. Benton, ‘The Courts of Champagne as a Literary Center’,
Speculum
36 (1961), pp.551-91; J.M.H. McCash, ‘Marie de Champagne and Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Relationship Reexamined’,
Speculum
54 (1979), pp.698-711.

56
Amy Kelly, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine and her courts of love’,
Speculum
12 (1937), pp.3-19; F.W. Chambers, ‘Some legends regarding Eleanor of Aquitaine’,
Speculum
16 (1941), pp.459-68.

57
Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.45-46.

58
Martindale, ‘Eleanor’, loc. cit. pp.24-25, 28-31.

59
Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.47.

60
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.371.

61
Boussard,
Le gouvernment d’Henri II
, op. cit. p.477; Warren,
Henry II
, pp.121-23; Norgate,
England under the Angevin Kings
, op. cit. ii. p.136.

62
Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.47.

63
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.43-44.

64
W. Strickland,
War and Chivalry. The Conduct and Perception of War in England and Normandy 1066-1217
(Cambridge, 1966), pp.291-329; unfortunately the outstanding work of Kenneth Alan Fowler,
Medieval Mercenaries. The Great Companies
(2001), does not deal with this period.

65
Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.367-75; William of Newburgh, i. pp.173-75; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.47-57.

66
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.59-60.

67
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.60-63; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.377-79; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.54-55.

68
Pipe Rolls 22 Henry II, pp.119-20; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.379-80; Howden,
Gesta
, pp.64-71; Howlett,
Chronicles
, i. pp.179-82.

69
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.247-49; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.381-82.

70
Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.383-84; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.249; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.72; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.61-63.

71
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.250; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.385-87; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.74-76; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.65-66; Howlett,
Chronicles
, i. pp.190-96; iv. p.265.

72
C. Johnson, ed.,
Dialogus de Scaccario
(1950), p.76.

73
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.380; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.71.

74
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.76-79; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.66-69.

75
Warren,
Henry II
, p.138.

76
Pipe Rolls 22 Henry II, pp.60, 179; GM, iii. p.33; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.398, 404; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.126-27.

77
Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.395-98; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.134-35; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.118; T. Rymer, A. Clarke & F. Holbrook, eds,
Foedera, conventiones litterae
, Part One (1816), i. p.30.

78
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.92, 127, 160-61.

79
Ibid., pp.81-83.

80
Ibid., p.101.

81
Ibid., pp.115, 121.

82
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.407; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.120.

83
Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.255.

84
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.414; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.120-21.

85
Johnson,
Dialogus de Scaccario
, op. cit. p.2.

86
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.260-61; Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.408, 415-16, 418-20; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.115-17, 128-30, 139-43; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.94-95, 102-04; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.278.

87
Gerald of Wales, v. p.303.

88
Gerald of Wales, viii. p.247.

CHAPTER 3

1
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.560-61.

2
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.131-32.

3
Duplès-Agier, ed.,
Chroniques de Saint-Martial de Limoges
, op. cit. p.189.

4
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.425; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.127, 132, 168-69; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. p.274.

5
Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.180-81.

6
Ibid., pp.190-94.

7
Ibid., pp.194-96.

8
Ibid., pp.196-97; Ralph of Diceto, i. p.450; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. pp.274-76.

9
T.N. Bisson,
The Medieval Crown of Aragon
(Oxford, 1986), pp.35-37.

10
Howden,
Gesta
, pp.212-13.

11
P. Boissonade, ‘Les comtes de l’Angoulême - les lignes féodales contre Richard Coeur de Lion et les poésies de Bertran de Born’,
Annales de Midi
7 (1895), pp.275-95.

12
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.431; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.213.

13
Ralph of Diceto, i. pp.431-32; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.213; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iv. pp.281-82.

14
Ralph of Diceto, i. p.401.

15
S. Rogers,
Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century
(Oxford, 1992); Strickland,
War and Chivalry
, op. cit.

16
Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.64.

17
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.303; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.19.

18
Geoffrey of Vigeois in P. Labbe, ed.,
Novae Bibliothecae
, op. cit. ii. p.326,

19
Ibid., ii. pp.330-31; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.19; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.303; Howden,
Gesta
, i. pp.288-92.