Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (2 page)

BOOK: Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness

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Figures 3.14
,
5.3
and
12.21B
from Telser AG, Young JK, Baldwin KM (2007)
Elsevier’s integrated histology
. Mosby, Edinburgh

Figures 3.25
,
7.11
and
13.19
from Young B, Lowe JS, Stevens A et al (2006)
Wheater’s functional histology: a text and colour atlas
. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

Figures 3.7
,
3.8
,
7.12
,
7.13
and
17.1
from Standring S et al (2005)
Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice
, 39th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

The Science Photo Library
:

Figures 1.1
,
1.6
,
1.15
,
1.17
;
3.2B
,
3.3
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.9
,
3.12
,
3.15C
,
3.16B
,
3.17B
,
3.21B
,
3.22B
;
4.3C
,
4.13
;
6.6
;
7.4
,
7.18A
;
8.2
,
8.11C
,
8.12
,
8.25C
;
9.13
9.16
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
10.8A
,
10.12B
,
10.19
,
10.28
;
12.5B
,
12.20
,
12.26
,
12.47
;
13.6
,
13.7
,
13.9
;
14.1
,
14.3
,
14.4
;
15.1
;
16.4
,
16.5B
,
16.7
,
16.55
,
16.57
;
17.2
;
18.8
.

Common prefixes, suffixes and roots

Prefix/suffix/root	To do with	Examples in the text
a-/an-	lack of	anuria, agranulocyte, asystole, anaemia
ab-	away from	abduct
ad-	towards	adduct
-aemia	of the blood	anaemia, hypoxaemia, uraemia, hypovolaemia
angio-	vessel	angiotensin, haemangioma
ante-	before, in front of	anterior
anti-	against	antidiuretic, anticoagulant, antigen, antimicrobial
-blast	germ, bud	reticuloblast, osteoblast
brady-	slow	bradycardia
broncho-	bronchus	bronchiole, bronchitis, bronchus
card-	heart	cardiac, myocardium, tachycardia
chole-	bile	cholecystokinin, cholecystitis, cholangitis
circum-	around	circumduction
cyto-/-cyte	cell	erythrocyte, cytosol, cytoplasm, cytotoxic
derm-	skin	dermatitis, dermatome, dermis
di-	two	disaccharide, diencephalon
dys-	difficult	dysuria, dyspnoea, dysmenorrhoea, dysplasia
-ema	swelling	oedema, emphysema, lymphoedema
endo-	inner	endocrine, endocytosis, endothelium
enter-	intestine	enterokinase, gastroenteritis
epi-	upon	epimysium, epicardium
erythro-	red	erythrocyte, erythropoietin, erythropoiesis
exo-	outside	exocytosis, exophthalmos
extra-	outside	extracellular, extrapyramidal
-fferent	carry	afferent, efferent
gast-	stomach	gastric, gastrin, gastritis, gastrointestinal
-gen-	origin/production	gene, genome, genetic, antigen, pathogen, allergen
-globin	protein	myoglobin, haemoglobin
haem-	blood	haemostasis, haemorrhage, haemolytic
hetero-	different	heterozygous
homo-	the same, steady	homozygous, homologous
-hydr-	water	dehydration, hydrostatic, hydrocephalus
hepat-	liver	hepatic, hepatitis, hepatomegaly, hepatocyte
hyper-	excess/above	hypertension, hypertrophy, hypercapnia
hypo-	below/under	hypoglycaemia, hypotension, hypovolaemia
intra-	within	intracellular, intracranial, intraocular
-ism	condition	hyperthyroidism, dwarfism, rheumatism
-itis	inflammation	appendicitis, hepatitis, cystitis, gastritis
lact-	milk	lactation, lactic, lacteal
lymph-	lymph tissue	lymphocyte, lymphatic, lymphoedema
lyso-/-lysis	breaking down	lysosome, glycolysis, lysozyme
-mega-	large	megaloblast, acromegaly, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
micro-	small	microbe, microtubules, microvilli
myo-	muscle	myocardium, myoglobin, myopathy, myosin
neo-	new	neoplasm, gluconeogenesis, neonate
nephro-	kidney	nephron, nephrotic, nephroblastoma, nephrosis
neuro-	nerve	neurone, neuralgia, neuropathy
-oid	resembling	myeloid, sesamoid, sigmoid
olig-	small	oliguria
-ology	study of	cardiology, neurology, physiology
-oma	tumour	carcinoma, melanoma, fibroma
-ophth-	eye	xerophthalmia, ophthalmic, exophthalmos
-ory	referring to	secretory, sensory, auditory, gustatory
os-, osteo-	bone	osteocyte, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis
-path-	disease	pathogenesis, neuropathy, nephropathy
-penia	deficiency of	leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
phag(o)-	eating	phagocyte, phagocytic
-plasm	substance	cytoplasm, neoplasm
pneumo-	lung/air	pneumothorax, pneumonia, pneumotoxic
poly-	many	polypeptide, polyuria, polycythaemia
-rrhagia	excessive flow	menorrhagia
-rrhoea	discharge	dysmenorrhoea, diarrhoea, rhinorrhoea
-scler	hard	arteriosclerosis
sub-	under	subphrenic, subarachnoid, sublingual
tachy-	excessively fast	tachycardia
thrombo-	clot	thrombocyte, thrombosis, thrombin, thrombus
-tox-	poison	toxin, cytotoxic, hepatotoxic
tri-	three	tripeptide, trisaccharide
-uria	urine	anuria, polyuria, haematuria, nocturia
vas, vaso-	vessel	vasoconstriction, vas deferens, vascular