Smuggler Nation (84 page)

Seattle, Wash.,
214
,
247

Secure Fence Act,
322
–23

Securities and Exchange Commission,
355
,
424
n
8

September
11
, 2001,
320
–21

Serbia,
349

Seven Years War (1756–1763)

illicit trade,
22
–28,
30
,
166
,
348

privateering,
22
–23,
27

Seward, William,
140
,
159
–60

sex trafficking,
191
,
203
,
207
,
338

See also
“white slave trade”

Shadrach (slave),
152

Shaw, George Bernard,
198
,
396
n
10

Shefter, Martin,
358
n
8

Sherman, William T.,
168
,
169
–70

Short, John,
149
–50

Shufeldt, Robert,
140

Sierra Leone,
349

Simmons, Ruth,
355

Simon, Taryn,
421
n
10

Sims, Edwin W.,
203
–04

Sioux,
127

Skowronek, Stephen,
358
n
6

Slater, John,
109

Slater, Samuel,
5
,
109
–10,
110

slave trade

abolitionist movement,
130
,
131
,
132
,
149
,
151
–52

British suppression efforts,
9
,
130
,
133
,
134
,
136
,
141
–42

criminalizing and policing of,
131
–36

Fugitive Slave Act,
150
,
151
–53,
239

fugitive slaves,
131
,
148
–53,
292
,
387
n
94

and Haitian Revolution,
132

merchant complicity in,
130
,
133

numbers of enslaved,
143
,
383
n
1

for plantation labor,
6
,
19
,
89
,
130
–31,
132
–33,
143
–44

rum as currency,
19

seagoing right-of-mutual-search,
134
,
141
–42,
384
n
10,
384
n
12

and secessionist movement,
131

shipbuilders for,
141

and territorial expansion,
131
,
143

through southern borderlands,
143
–48,
386
n
64,
386
n
73

Triangle Trade,
19
,
20

U.S. antislave laws,
130
,
131
–32,
134
–35,
136
–37,
140
–41,
144
,
150
,
384
n
26,
385
n
46

U.S. complicity in,
130
,
131
,
134
,
136
–43,
385
n
55

U.S. suppression efforts,
133
–36

Slave Trade Act (1794),
40

Slee, James Noah,
200

Smith, Adam,
6
,
130
,
189

Smith, Benjamin,
74
,
76
–77

Smith, Benjamin Fort,
148

Smith, James,
135

Smith, John,
141

Smith, Joshua,
65
,
373
n
83

Smith, Marian L.,
401
n
41

Smith, Samuel,
141
,
374
n
3

Smith, William,
139
–40

smuggling

definition,
x

role in shaping America,
x
–xi,
2
–10,
358
n
8

See also
American colonies; American Revolution; Civil War; drug prohibition and enforcement; Gilded Age; illicit globalization; Industrial Revolution; Prohibition; purity crusaders; slave trade; United States (Early Republic); Westward expansion Snelling, J.,
121

Soodalter, Ron,
385
n
46

South

fugitive slaves,
148
–53

illicit slave trade,
6
,
131
,
132
,
144

See also
Confederacy; slave trade

South America

as drug gateway,
272

See also
Colombia

South Carolina,
131

Southern colonies (pre-Revolutionary),
14
,
19
,
59
,
359
n
5

South Florida Task Force,
281

Soviet Union, invasion of Afghanistan,
276
,
283

Spain

entry into American Revolution,
46

and Seven Years War,
26

and slave trade,
134
,
145
–47

trade during American Revolution,
47
,
48

See also
San Fernando de Monte Cristi

speakeasies,
235
,
249

Spencer, George,
27

Spener, David,
416
n
34

Stamp Act,
239

St.-Domingue.
See
Haiti

Stephens, Alexander,
155
–56

St. Eustatius,
25
,
43
,
55
–56,
57
,
161

Stiles, Wesley E.,
225

St. Louis, Mo.,
127

St. Mary’s, Ga.,
77

St. Mary’s River,
77
,
146

Stop Online Piracy Act,
344

Story, Louis,
424
n
8

St. Pierre-Miquelon,
238
,
248

St. Thomas, V.I.,
57

Sublette, William,
121

Sugar Act,
31
–32

sugar trade,
14
,
17

See also
molasses

Sumner, John Saxton,
396
n
18

Surdam, David,
171
,
391
n
75

Sweden,
46
,
48

Swing, Joseph,
297

Symonette, Roland,
236

Taft, Howard,
204
,
205

Taliban,
346

Tampa, Fl.,
237

tariffs

and American protectionism,
177
–78

Tariff of 1816,
111

Tariff of 1842,
192

See also
Gilded Age

tea,
41
–42,
43

See also
Boston Tea Party

telephone surveillance.
See
wiretapping temperance movement,
120
,
122
,
229

Tennessee,
209

Tequileros,
294

Texas (Mexico)

illegal U.S. settlement,
6
,
211

Revolution,
148

slave trade,
147
–48

See also
Galveston Island

Texas (State),
148

textile industry (American)

intellectual piracy,
98
–99,
103
–11

See also
Industrial Revolution

textile industry (British)

18th-century revolution in,
102
–03

cotton shortages,
156

dependence on southern cotton,
155
,
156

emigration of artisans,
99
,
103
–04,
106
,
107
,
108
,
111
,
209

technology exports,
99
,
103
–04,
111
–12

See also
Industrial Revolution

Theobald, William,
395
n
61

Thomas, Hugh,
384
n
12

Thompson, Ginger,
420
n
98

Thorndike, Israel,
51

Thorpe, Thomas Gangs,
394
n
46

Tichenor, Daniel J.,
400
n
22

Tijuana, Mex.,
1
,
273
,
295
,
315
,
327

Tilly, Charles,
357
n
1

tobacco

American intracolonial trade,
14

cigarettes,
10
,
336
,
421
n
14

export to England,
14

future of,
341

modern smuggling,
10
,
336

smuggling during Revolutionary War,
57
,
59

smuggling of seeds from Caribbean,
14

Tod, David,
142

Tompkins, Daniel,
76

Tone, Andrea,
396
n
10,
397
n
37–38

Townsend Acts (1767),
36
–37,
38

Trade and Intercourse Act (1802),
120
,
381
n
25

trading with the enemy

American Revolution,
57
–59

Civil War,
165
–73

Seven Years War,
22
–28,
166

War of 1812,
5
,
8
,
83
–84,
85
–86,
166
,
357
n
3

Tran, Mark,
421
n
14

Treaty of Amity and Commerce,
218
,
365
n
22

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
162
–63

Treaty of Paris (1783),
65

Triangle Trade,
19
,
20

Trist, Nicholas,
142

Trott, Stephen S.,
282

True, Marion,
338

Truxes, Thomas,
27

Tuchman, Barbara,
359
n
1

Turkey

heroin trade,
336

morphine production,
271

opium production,
275
–76,
308

Turner, George Kibbe,
203

Twain, Mark,
348

Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(Stowe),
151

underground railroad,
149
,
239

See also
fugitive slaves

United Nations,
337

United States (21st Century)

antismuggling agenda,
337

drug law violations,
352

See also
drug prohibition and enforcement; illicit globalization; immigration control; United States (Early Republic) United States (Early Republic)

and Haitian Revolution,
71
–73

illicit trade during European wars,
67
–71

law enforcement,
65
,
80

neutrality declaration,
68

regulation of commerce,
7
,
63
–65,
358
n
7,
369
n
4

revenue needs,
63
–64,
349
,
369
n
4

role of merchants,
64
–65,
66
,
67
–68,
71
–73,
349

smuggling,
7
,
65
,
66
,
80
–81

trade relationships,
65
–67

See also
Embargo Act; Industrial Revolution; Native Americans; slave trade; War of 1812;
specific legislation

United States Congress

bans on slave trade,
131
–32

regulation of commerce,
7
,
63
,
191
,
205
,
227

See also
Continental Congress;
specific legislation
United States v. Behrman
,
262

Unrau, William,
120
,
122
,
382
n
52

Urquidez, Rene Verdugo,
311

U.S. Air Force,
285
–86

U.S. Border Patrol

corruption,
307
–08,
316
,
322

drug interdiction efforts,
314

establishment,
224

expansion in 1990s,
301
,
321
–22

role in Prohibition,
224
,
226
,
231

See also
Chinese migrants; European immigrants; immigration control; Mexican migrants; U.S.-Mexico border U.S. Bureau of Immigration,
215

U.S.-Canada border

drug trade,
263

Exclusion Act,
217

as gateway for Chinese migrants,
212
,
215
–17,
219
,
400
n
25,
401
n
40–41

19th-century cross-border trading,
65
,
75
,
76
,
77

1984 Canadian Agreement,
401
n
41

smuggling,

American Revolution,
57
,
368
n
74

Embargo period,
76
–77,
372
n
60,
373
n
83