Smuggler Nation (77 page)

55
. On the threat of nuclear terrorism in general, see, for example, Graham Allison,
Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe
(New York: Holt, 2005). For a more skeptical view, see John Mueller,
Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).

56
. For a nuanced recent evaluation, see Mariano-Florentino Cuellar, “The Political Economies of Immigration Law,”
UC Irvine Law Review
, vol. 2, no. 1 (2012): 1–90.

57
. This paragraph and the previous one draw from Peter Andreas and Ethan Nadelmann,
Policing the Globe: Criminalization and Crime Control in International Relations
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 251–252. America’s oversized prison population leads some critics to charge that the United States has become a “penal state.” See Loïc Wacquant,
Prisons of Poverty
(St. Paul-Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009). Also see Michelle Alexander,
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
(New York: New Press, 2010).

Epilogue

1
. Jonathan Staloff, “Alcohol, Pot Use on Campus Measured,”
Brown Daily Herald
, 3 December 2010.

2
. Franklin Kanin, “More Students Use Marijuana than Tobacco, Poll Finds,”
Brown Daily Herald
, 3 December 2007.

3
. Natalie Villacorta, “To Get an Edge, Students Turn to Illicit Study Drug Use,”
Brown Daily Herald
, 6 April 2011.

4
. Colin Chazen, “Undocumented: Students in ‘Limbo,’”
Brown Daily Herald
, 27 January 2009.

5
. Nancy Cook, “The Most ‘Per Capita’ Corruption,”
Newsweek
, 10 May 2010.

6
. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, Goldman profited by secretly betting against the same mortgage investments it sold to customers. See Louis Story and Gretchen Morgenson, “U.S. Accuses Goldman Sachs of Fraud in Mortgage Deal,”
New York Times
, 16 April 2010.

7
. Graham Bowley, “At Brown, Spotlight on the President’s Role at a Bank,”
New York Times
, 1 March 2010. Also see Charles Pinning, “Brown’s President and Goldman Sachs,”
Providence Journal
, 25 February 2010.

8
. The fact that much of such behavior remains legal reflects corporate lobbying power to avoid greater regulation rather than the severity of social consequences. See Nikos Passas and Neva Goodwin, eds.,
It’s Legal but it Ain’t Right: Harmful Social Consequences of Legal Industries
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), 2.

INDEX

Page numbers written in italics denote illustrations.

abolitionist movement,
130
,
131
,
132
,
136
–37,
149
–52

See also
slave trade

Acts of Navigation and Trade,
13
–14,
22

Adams, John,
15
,
32
,
228

Adams, John Quincy,
134
,
142

Adams, Samuel,
41

Afghanistan,
276
,
283
,
324
,
327
,
346
,
347

African Americans

and antidrug laws,
257

in U.S. prison system,
352

See also
slave trade

Airborne Warning and Control System,
286

air smuggling,
272
,
274
,
279
,
280
,
281
,
286
,
295
,
313

Alabama,
144

Alamo, Battle of,
145
,
211

alcohol

beer consumption,
229

history of U.S. consumption,
19
,
116
–17,
228
–30

Madeira wines,
32
,
34
,
37

See also
Native Americans; Prohibition; rum; temperance

movement; Westward expansion; whiskey

al-Qaeda,
346

Amelia Island, Fl.,
77
,
146
–47

American Board of Customs Commissioners,
36
–38

American colonies

alcohol consumption,
19
,
116
–17,
228

alcohol sales to Indians,
19
,
115
,
116
–18

freedom of movement,
209

manufacturing prohibitions by British,
103

population,
16

role of trade in colonial economy,
15
,
17

smuggling,

benefits to Britain,
18
,
21
,
26
,
36

benefits to colonists,
18
,
21
,
36

consumerism driving,
21
,
26
,
36

court complicity in,
15
,
16
,
27

customs bribes,
14
,
17
,
20
–21,
33
,
362
n
4

customs tolerance,
16
–17,
30
,
36

disguising cargoes,
14
,
16
,
20
–22

flags-of-truce permits,
23
–25

golden years of,
16
–17,
28

informants,
27

intracolonial,
14

lack of stigma in,
15
,
21
,
27

privateering,
22
–23,
27

and revenue collections,
22

role in shaping history,
29
,
362
n
1

role of merchants in,
13
,
14
,
15
,
16
,
18
,
28

rum trade,
15
,
19
–21

tobacco and sugar trade,
14

trade with Holland,
21
–22

trade with West Indies,
17
–18,
19
,
20

trading with enemy,
22
–28,
166

smuggling crackdown by British,

colonial resistance to,
4
–5,
29
–30,
32
–34,
35
–44

court enforcement of,
31
,
32
,
38

customs abuses,
30
,
34
–35

customs enforcement,
30
,
31
,
33
,
34
–35,
37
–39,
43
–44

informants,
35

merchant harassment,
30
,
32
,
37
–38

revenue needs of British,
30
,
31
,
32
,
38
,
43

Royal Navy militarization,
31
,
33
–35,
43

writs of assistance,
31
,
32
,
34
,
342

See also
American Revolution; British trade laws; molasses; Molasses Act; slave trade; Southern colonies

American Federation of Labor (AFL),
258

American Fur Company,
122
–25,
382
n
42

American Prohibitory Act,
43

American Revolution

pre-revolution,

Boston Tea Party,
4
,
40
–43,
239

British blockade,
43
–44,
46
,
165
,
365
n
22

British crackdown on smuggling,
29
–44

colonial opposition to trade laws,
29
–30,
43
–44

Gaspee
Affair,
1
–2,
39
–40,
40
,
41

merchant smugglers,
4
–5,
37
–43

munitions smuggling,
43
,
46
,
48

revolution,

battle at Saratoga,
49

British defeat,
60
,
63

British struggle against

smuggling,
46
,
50
,
51
,
54
,
55
,
56
,
59
–60,
368
n
74

Declaration of Independence,
5
,
43
–44,
239

entry by foreign countries,
46
,
50
,
54
,
56

first salute to American flag,
56
,
56

gunpowder and munitions,
5
,
46
,
47
,
48
,
49
–50,
55
–56,
59
,
107

luxury goods,
47
–48,
57

privateering,
5
,
50
–56,
349
,
366
n
44

profiteering,
47
,
50
,
54
,
60
,
64
,
366
n
44

public navy,
51
,
366
n
44,
367
n
45

smuggling as backbone,
45
–60,
64
,
348
,
367
n
55,
368
n
74

trading with enemy,
57
–59

triggers,
1
,
4
–5,
29
–30,
43
–44

See also
United States (Early Republic)

Ames, Fisher,
65

Amherst, Jeffery,
27
–28,
117

Amory, Jonathan,
59

amphetamines,
277
,
411
n
85

“Anaconda Plan,”
157
,
158

See also
Civil War; Confederacy

Angel Island, Ca.,
214

Anglophobia,
133
,
134

Anslinger, Harry J.

anti-marijuana campaign,
267
–69

FBN antidrug campaign,
249
,
265
–73

photo,
265

AntiDrug Abuse Act (1986),
311

antidrug crusade.
See
drug prohibition and enforcement

Antigua,
54

antiquities smuggling,
337
–38

Anti-Saloon League,
229
,
230
,
231
,
235
,
248

antislave-trade laws,
130
,
131
–32,
135
,
136
–37,
144
,
150

See also
slave trade

antivice crusade (Comstock)

arrests and convictions,
193
–94,
201

contraceptives,
197
–202

political cartoon,
194

seizure statistics,
194
–95

suicides,
195

targeting of immigrants,
194
,
199
,
207

underground pornography,
195
–97

Arkwright, Richard,
102

Arkwright water frame,
102
,
109

arms trafficking

modern,
327
–28,
337
,
421
n
16

See also
American Revolution

Arthur, Chester,
179

Asia

heroin,
276

migrants,
307
–08

See also
China; opium

Astor, John Jacob

fur-for-alcohol trade,
85
,
122
–25,
357
n
3,
382
n
42,
382
n
45

image,
123

opium smuggling,
66
,
357
n
3

and temperance movement,
122

wealth,
3
,
69
,
85
,
122

Aury, Louis,
146

automobile, in smuggling,
249
,
342

Bagdad, Mex.,
162

Baghdad, Iraq,
338

Bahamas,
24

Civil War blockade-running,
161
,
236
,
280