The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977 (58 page)

84.
“From the Editors,”
The Jerusalem Report
, June 18, 1992, 3; “Michael Elkins 1917–2001,”
The Jerusalem Report,
April 9, 2001, 10.

85.
Oren, 213.

86.
Motta [Mordechai] Gur,
Har Habayit Beyadenu
(Ma’arakhot, 1973), 13–15; Gouri,
Dapim
, 275–76; Dayan, 356.

87.
Uzi Benziman,
Yerushalayim: Ir Lelo Homah
(Jerusalem and Tel Aviv: Schocken, 1973), 11.

88.
Uzi Narkiss,
Ahat Yerushalayim
(The Liberation of Jerusalem) (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1975), 215.

89.
Gur, 315–17; Narkiss, 247–50.

90.
Haber, 234–35;
Ha’aretz
, June 8, 1967, 1;
Hatzofeh
, June 8, 1967, 1. Dayan repeated that Israel had returned to Jerusalem “never to be parted” at a press conference that evening. NARA, RG59 Central Files 1967–69, POL 28 Jerusalem, Tel Aviv cable 4019.

91.
Hanan Porat, interview.

92.
YAOH II:13.

93.
Dayan, 356.

94.
Lammfromm, 558.

95.
Gouri,
Dapim
, 284–86.

96.
Oren, 202, 259; NARA, RG 59 Central Files 1967–69, POL 28 Jerusalem, Tel Aviv cable 4019.

97.
Kalinov, 23–24.

98.
YAOH II:16, IV:13; Oren, 195; Lammfromm, 558; cf. NARA, RG59 Records of Henry Kissinger 1973–77, Box 9, Memcon Kissinger-Allon, August 1, 1974.

99.
Lammfromm, 559; YAOH II:15, 25–26, IV:13.

100.
Lammfromm, 559; YAOH II:22.

101.
Gazit,
Peta’im
, 138–39.

102.
Dan Bavly,
Halomot Vehizdamnuyot Shehuhmetzu 1967–1973
(Dreams and Missed Opportunities 1967–1973) (Jerusalem: Carmel, 2002), 125–37; Raja Shehadeh,
Strangers in the House: Coming of Age in Occupied Palestine
(New York: Penguin, 2003), 3–4, 48–52, 54.

103.
YAOH II:14–16, III:1–3; YTA 15Allon/15/4, “Second Working Draft on the historical background of the Allon Plan.”

104.
Israeli population from the Central Bureau of Statistics,
www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton54/st02_01.pdf
. Note that 1967 numbers include Arab noncitizen residents of annexed East Jerusalem. Postwar Israeli estimates of the population of occupied territories went as high as 1.5 million (ISA, 153.8/7921/2A, document 331). Later documents (ISA 153.8/7921/3A), including October 1967 census figures for West Bank and Gaza, lead to an approximate total of 1.1 million. The discrepancy is due in part to refugees fleeing the West Bank during and after the war.

2. Creating Facts

1.
Shlomo Lahat, interview; Benziman, 35–46; Amnon Barzilai, “Kakh Nehersah Shekhunat Hamughrabim,”
Ha’aretz
, May 13, 1999, B2; Teddy Kollek,
For Jerusalem
(New York: Random House, 1978), 197; minutes of (West) Jerusalem City Council meeting, June 8, 1967; Lammfromm, 568; “200 Elef Bikru Behag Hashavuot Leyad Hakotel Hama’aravi,”
Hatzofeh
, June 15, 1967, 1.

2.
Ehud Sprinzak,
Ish Hayashar Be’einav: Illegalism Bahevrah Hayisre’elit
(Every Man Whatsoever Is Right in His Own Eyes: Illegalism in Israeli Society) (Tel Aviv: Sifriat Poalim, 1986), chaps. 2–4.

3.
NARA, RG59, Central Files 1967–69, POL 28 Jerusalem, Jerusalem cable 1123.

4.
Numbers 23:10.

5.
Lammfromm, 566–69.

6.
Benziman, 47–49; Reuven Pedatzur,
Nitzhon Hamevukhah
(The Triumph of Embarrassment: Israel and the Territories After the Six-Day War) (Tel Aviv: Bitan/Yad Tabenkin, 1996), 117.

7.
Benziman, 48, 51–52; David E. Eisenstadt,
Hatmurot Bagvulot Ha’ironiyim (Municipaliyim) shel Yerushalayim 1863–1967
(The Evolution of Jerusalem’s Municipal Boundaries, 1863–1967), unpublished master’s thesis, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 1998, 131–32.

8.
David Eisenstadt, interview.

9.
Eisenstadt, 133–34; Eisenstadt, interview; Benziman, 54–56.

10.
Eisenstadt, 130–31.

11.
LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, vol 1, document 2b and vol. 4, tab 144; cf. Pedatzur, 30.

12.
For example,
Ha’aretz
, June 15, 1967.

13.
YAOH III:2.

14.
Pedatzur, 27–28.

15.
Pedatzur, 32.

16.
Beilin, 9; LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, vol 15, appendix S, Tel Aviv cable 4149.

17.
J. Y. Smith, “Dayan Would Keep Major Conquests,”
Washington Post
, June 12, 1967, A15.

18.
Pedatzur, 39–41.

19.
Azaryahu, interview.

20.
Lammfromm, 573–75; Pedatzur, 47–54.

21.
Lammfromm, 505–6; ISA 43/7231/3A, document 34.

22.
Matti Golan,
Shimon Peres: A Biography
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1982), 77–78; ISA 153.8/7921/2A, minutes of July 27, 1967 political committee.

23.
Pedatzur, 53–55.

24.
Lammfromm, 579–83.

25.
Neither the Israeli government nor the Hebrew media were yet using the Hebrew term “Golan Heights” for the area.

26.
Pedatzur, 55–56; YTA 15Galili/2/3/115.

27.
Naor, 80; YAOH VII:8.

28.
Lammfromm, 580–82; YAOH VII:15–16.

29.
A reductionist military approach in accounts of Israeli history treats the deadlock on the future of the West Bank as strictly one of conflicting strategic conceptions. Eban, 436, properly rejects this, noting that the West Bank “raised problems that transcended strategic interest.”

30.
LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, vol. 1, document 2.

31.
LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, vol. 4, document 41.

32.
LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, vol. 4, document 53.

33.
FRUS XIX:325.

34.
FRUS XIX:343.

35.
Harry McPherson Oral History, LBJ Library Oral History Collection, Interview VII, Sept. 19, 1985, by Michael L. Gillette;
www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/mcpherson/mcpher07.pdf
, 1–4.

36.
LBJ, National Security Files, Country File, Israel Box 140.

37.
LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, vol. 3, documents 5, 15. Parentheses in the original.

38.
Harold Saunders, interview.

39.
LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, vol. 4, document 112.

40.
FRUS XIX:269.

41.
FRUS XIX:287.

42.
FRUS XIX:280.

43.
FRUS XIX:290.

44.
FRUS XIX:280.

45.
FRUS XIX:325, paragraph 5(1). Drafts of the speech: LBJ, NSC histories, Middle East Crisis, tab 171.

46.
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration,
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1967
, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1968), 630–34.

47.
Eban, 436.

48.
ISA 153.8/7920/7A, document 6–70.

49.
RNyl PPS, 347.13.19.

50.
RNyl PPS, 347.13.17, 347.13.19.

51.
Nixon’s notes for New York press conference at RNyl PPS, 347.13.19.

52.
RNyl PPS, 347.13.17.

53.
LBJ, country files, Israel vol. 5, cables, folder 2, airgram A-934.

54.
Benziman, 49–50; Eban, 437; FRUS XIX:314.

55.
Eban, 437.

56.
ISA 153.8/7920/8A document 4; Eisenstadt, 131–33; Protection of Holy Places Law 5727 (1967),
www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/HolyPlaces.htm
; Benziman, 53–54.

57.
Susan Starr Sered, “Rachel’s Tomb: The Development of a Cult,”
Jewish Studies Quarterly
2 (1995), 103–44.

58.
Eisenstadt, 134–35; Benziman, 54–56; Pedatzur, 118–19; Lammfromm, 573.

59.
Eisenstadt, 121, 130, 136–51.

60.
Benziman, 51; Eban, 438; ISA 153.8/7920/8A, document 7.

61.
Benziman, 51.

62.
NARA, RG59, Central Files 1967–69, POL 27 Arab-Isr, Cable 218573.

63.
JMA box 398.

64.
Benziman, 61–64; NARA, RG 59, Central Files 1967–69, POL 27 Arab-Isr, Jerusalem cable 00600. Dissolution order: JMA box 398; Salman quotation: Nadav Shragai, “26 Beyuni 1967: Hamemshalah Mevakeshet Shehatikshoret Lo Ta’aseh Inyan Misipuah Mizrah Yerushalayim,”
Ha’aretz
, November 3, 1967, B3.

65.
Gouri,
Dapim
, 289–90.

66.
Ibid., 290–91.

67.
Uzi Benziman, “‘Plishah Hadadit’ Biyrushalayim,”
Ha’aretz,
June 30, 1967.

68.
Shehadeh, 55–56.

69.
NARA, RG 59, Central Files 1967–69, POL 27 Arab-Isr, Jerusalem cable 00600.

70.
LBJ, NSC country file, Middle East crisis, vol. 7, document 32.

71.
FRUS XIX:333, 340; LBJ, Office Files of Harry McPherson, documents 7, 7b, 8.

72.
Benziman, 253–54; ISA 153.8/7920/8A; ISA 153.8/7234/7A document 243.

73.
Pedatzur, 167.

74.
Yehiel Admoni, interview; Lammfromm, xvii–xix.

75.
Yaron Ezrahi,
Rubber Bullets: Power and Conscience in Modern Israel
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997), 49.

76.
E.g., Theodore Herzl,
Altneuland,
Book II,
www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1600
, describes Jewish children in Europe as “pale, weak, timid.” Cf. Arthur Hertzberg, ed.,
The Zionist Idea: A Historical Analysis and Reader
(New York: Atheneum, 1973), Part 5.

77.
Gershom Gorenberg, “Club Red,”
The New Republic
, October 14, 1996, 10–12.

78.
Tsur,
Mipulmus
, 31; Yehiel Admoni,
Asor Shel Shikul Da’at: Hahityashvut Me’ever Lakav Hayarok 1967–1977
(Decade of discretion: Settlement policy in the territories 1967–1977) (Makhon Yisrael Galili Leheker Hakoah Hamagen/Yad Tabenkin/Hakibbutz Hame’uhad: 1992), 17.

79.
Yigal Allon, “Hahityashvut Bekibbush Ha’aretz,”
Gush Etzion Bemilhamto,
Dov Knohl, ed. (Jerusalem: Religious Division of the Youth and Hehalutz Department of the World Zionist Organization, 1954), 17–23.

80.
Zeev Tsur,
Hakibbutz Hame’uhad Beyishuvah shel Ha’aretz
(The Hakibbutz Hameuchad in the Settlement of Eretz Yisrael), vol. IV, 1960–1980 (Yad Tabenkin/Hakibbutz Hame’uhad, 1986), 10, 52–53; Yehudah Harel, interview.

81.
Yehudah Harel, interview; Sat, interview.

82.
John Steinbeck, “The Red Pony,”
The Short Novels of John Steinbeck
(New York: Viking, 1953), 199.

83.
Tsur,
Hakibbutz Hame’uhad
, 53.

84.
Admoni,
Asor
, 18.

85.
Admoni,
Asor
, 11, 18–19; Admoni, interview.

86.
Admoni,
Asor,
19. Weitz was head, or chairman, of the department; Admoni was initially acting director, then director, the top administrative post under the department head.