The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (174 page)
Read The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined Online
Authors: Steven Pinker
Tags: #Sociology, #Psychology, #Science, #Amazon.com, #21st Century, #Crime, #Anthropology, #Social History, #Retail, #Criminology
BOOK: The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
2.34Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
Burks, S. V., Carpenter, J. P., Goette, L., & Rustichini, A. 2009. Cognitive skills affect economic preferences, strategic behavior, and job attachment.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106
, 7745–50.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106
, 7745–50.
Burnham, G., Lafta, R., Doocy, S., & Roberts, L. 2006. Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: A cross-sectional cluster sample survey.
Lancet, 368
, 1421–28.
Lancet, 368
, 1421–28.
Bushman, B. J. 1997. Effects of alcohol on human aggression: Validity of proposed explanations.
Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 13
, 227–43.
Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 13
, 227–43.
Bushman, B. J., & Cooper, H. M. 1990. Effects of alcohol on human aggression: An integrative research review.
Psychological Bulletin, 107
, 341–54.
Psychological Bulletin, 107
, 341–54.
Buss, D. M. 1989. Conflict between the sexes.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 56
, 735–47.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 56
, 735–47.
Buss, D. M. 1994.
The evolution of desire.
New York: Basic Books.
The evolution of desire.
New York: Basic Books.
Buss, D. M. 2000.
The dangerous passion: Why jealousy is as necessary as love and sex
. New York: Free Press.
The dangerous passion: Why jealousy is as necessary as love and sex
. New York: Free Press.
Buss, D. M. 2005.
The murderer next door: Why the mind is designed to kill
. New York: Penguin.
The murderer next door: Why the mind is designed to kill
. New York: Penguin.
Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. 2008. Adaptations for exploitation.
Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, & Practice, 12
, 53–62.
Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, & Practice, 12
, 53–62.
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. 1993. Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating.
Psychological Review, 100
, 204–32.
Psychological Review, 100
, 204–32.
Bussman, M., & Schneider, G. 2007. When globalization discontent turns violent: Foreign economic liberalization and internal war.
International Studies Quarterly, 51
, 79–97.
International Studies Quarterly, 51
, 79–97.
Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C., & Schafer, W. D. 1999. Gender differences in risk-taking: A meta-analysis.
Psychological Bulletin, 125
, 367–83.
Psychological Bulletin, 125
, 367–83.
C-SPAN. 2010. C-SPAN 2009 Historians presidential leadership survey.
http://legacy.c-span.org/PresidentialSurvey/presidential-leadership-survey.aspx
.
http://legacy.c-span.org/PresidentialSurvey/presidential-leadership-survey.aspx
.
Cairns, R. B., Gariépy, J.-L., & Hood, K. E. 1990. Development, microevolution, and social behavior.
Psychological Review, 97
, 49–65.
Psychological Review, 97
, 49–65.
Capital Punishment U.K. 2004.
The end of capital punishment in Europe
.
http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/europe.html
.
The end of capital punishment in Europe
.
http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/europe.html
.
Caplan, B. 2007.
The myth of the rational voter: Why democracies choose bad policies
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
The myth of the rational voter: Why democracies choose bad policies
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Caplan, B., & Miller, S. C. 2010. Intelligence makes people think like economists: Evidence from the General Social Survey.
Intelligence, 38,
636–47.
Intelligence, 38,
636–47.
Caplow, T., Hicks, L., & Wattenberg, B. 2001.
The first measured century: An illustrated guide to trends in America, 1900
–
2000
. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press.
The first measured century: An illustrated guide to trends in America, 1900
–
2000
. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press.
Carey, J. 1993.
The intellectuals and the masses: Pride and prejudice among the literary intelligentsia, 188
0–
1939
. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
The intellectuals and the masses: Pride and prejudice among the literary intelligentsia, 188
0–
1939
. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Carlin, J. 2008.
Playing the enemy: Nelson Mandela and the game that made a nation
. New York: Penguin.
Playing the enemy: Nelson Mandela and the game that made a nation
. New York: Penguin.
Carlsmith, K. M., Darley, J. M., & Robinson, P. H. 2002. Why do we punish? Deterrence and just deserts as motives for punishment.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 83
, 284–99.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 83
, 284–99.
Carswell, S. 2001.
Survey on public attitudes towards the physical punishment of children
. Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Justice.
Survey on public attitudes towards the physical punishment of children
. Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Justice.
Caspi, A. 2000. The child is father of the man: Personality continuities from childhood to adulthood.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 78
, 158–72.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 78
, 158–72.
Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T. E., Mill, J., Martin, J., Craig, I. W., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. 2002. Evidence that the cycle of violence in maltreated children depends on genotype.
Science, 297
, 727–42.
Science, 297
, 727–42.
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. 2000.
Genes, peoples, and languages
. New York: North Point Press.
Genes, peoples, and languages
. New York: North Point Press.
Cederman, L.-E. 2001. Back to Kant: Reinterpreting the democratic peace as a macrohistorical learning process.
American Political Science Review, 95
, 15–31.
American Political Science Review, 95
, 15–31.
Cederman, L.-E. 2003. Modeling the size of wars: From billiard balls to sandpiles.
American Political Science Review, 97
, 135–50.
American Political Science Review, 97
, 135–50.
Center for Systemic Peace. 2010. Integrated network for societal conflict research data page.
http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm
.
http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm
.
Centola, D., Willer, R., & Macy, M. 2005. The emperor’s dilemma: A computational model of selfenforcing norms.
American Journal of Sociology, 110
, 1009–40.
American Journal of Sociology, 110
, 1009–40.
Central Intelligence Agency. 2010.
The world factbook.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
.
The world factbook.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
.
Chabris, C. F., Laibson, D., Morris, C. L., Schuldt, J. P., & Taubinsky, D. 2008. Individual laboratorymeasured discount rates predict field behavior.
Journal of Risk & Uncertainty, 37
, 237–69.
Journal of Risk & Uncertainty, 37
, 237–69.
Chagnon, N. A. 1988. Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population.
Science, 239
, 985–92.
Science, 239
, 985–92.
Chagnon, N. A. 1996. Chronic problems in understanding tribal violence and warfare. In G. Bock & J. Goode, eds.,
The genetics of criminal and antisocial behavior
. New York: Wiley.
The genetics of criminal and antisocial behavior
. New York: Wiley.
Chagnon, N. A. 1997.
Yanomamö,
5th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Yanomamö,
5th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Chalk, F., & Jonassohn, K. 1990.
The history and sociology of genocide: Analyses and case studies
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
The history and sociology of genocide: Analyses and case studies
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Check, J.V.P., & Malamuth, N. 1985. An empirical assessment of some feminist hypotheses about rape.
International Journal of Women’s Studies, 8
, 414–23.
International Journal of Women’s Studies, 8
, 414–23.
Chernow, R. 2004.
Alexander Hamilton
. New York: Penguin.
Alexander Hamilton
. New York: Penguin.
Chiang, M. C., Barysheva, M., Shattuck, D. W., Lee, A. D., Madsen, S. K., Avedissian, C., Klunder, A. D., Toga, A. W., McMahon, K. L., de Zubicaray, G. I., Wright, M. J., Srivastava, A., Balov, N., & Thompson, P. M. 2009. Genetics of brain fiber architecture and intellectual performance.
Journal of Neuroscience, 29
, 2212–24.
Journal of Neuroscience, 29
, 2212–24.
China (Taiwan), Republic of, Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior. 2000. The analysis and comparison on statistics of criminal cases in various countries.
http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/english/topic.asp
.
http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/english/topic.asp
.
Chirot, D. 1994.
Modern tyrants
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Modern tyrants
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Chirot, D. 1995. Modernism without liberalism: The ideological roots of modern tyranny.
Contention, 5
, 141–82.
Contention, 5
, 141–82.
Chirot, D., & McCauley, C. 2006.
Why not kill them all? The logic and prevention of mass political murder
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Why not kill them all? The logic and prevention of mass political murder
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Chu, R., Rivera, C., & Loftin, C. 2000. Herding and homicide: An examination of the Nisbett-Reeves hypothesis.
Social Forces, 78
, 971–87.
Social Forces, 78
, 971–87.
Chwe, M. S.-Y. 2001.
Rational ritual: Culture, coordination, and common knowledge.
Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Rational ritual: Culture, coordination, and common knowledge.
Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Claeys, G. 2000. “The survival of the fittest” and the origins of Social Darwinism.
Journal of the History of Ideas, 61
, 223–40.
Journal of the History of Ideas, 61
, 223–40.
Clark, G. 2007a.
A farewell to alms: A brief economic history of the world
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
A farewell to alms: A brief economic history of the world
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Clark, G. 2007b. Genetically capitalist? The Malthusian era and the formation of modern preferences.
http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/gclark/papers/capitalism%20genes.pdf
.
http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/gclark/papers/capitalism%20genes.pdf
.
Clark, M. S., Mills, J., & Powell, M. C. 1986. Keeping track of needs in communal and exchange relationships.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51
, 333–38.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51
, 333–38.
Clauset, A., & Young, M. 2005. Scale invariance in global terrorism. arXiv:physics/0502014v2 [physics.soc-ph].
Clauset, A., Young, M., & Gleditsch, K. S. 2007. On the frequency of severe terrorist events.
Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51
, 58–87.
Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51
, 58–87.
Cleaver, E. 1968/1999.
Soul on ice
. New York: Random House.
Soul on ice
. New York: Random House.
Cloninger, C. R., & Gottesman, I. I. 1987. Genetic and environmental factors in antisocial behavior disorders. In S. A. Mednick, T. E. Moffitt, & S. A. Stack, eds.,
The causes of crime: New biological approaches
. New York: Cambridge University Press.
The causes of crime: New biological approaches
. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Clutton-Brock, T. 2007. Sexual selection in males and females.
Science, 318
, 1882–85.
Science, 318
, 1882–85.
Cochran, G., & Harpending, H. 2009.
The 10,000 year explosion: How civilization accelerated human evolution
. New York: Basic Books.
The 10,000 year explosion: How civilization accelerated human evolution
. New York: Basic Books.
Cockburn, J. S. 1991. Patterns of violence in English society: Homicide in Kent, 1560–1985.
Past & Present, 130
, 70–106.
Past & Present, 130
, 70–106.
Coghlan, B., Ngoy, P., Mulumba, F., Hardy, C., Bemo, V. N., Stewart, T., Lewis, J., & Brennan, R. 2008.
Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An ongoing crisis
. New York: International Rescue Committee.
http://www.theirc.org/sites/default/files/migrated/resources/2007/2006-7_congomortalitysurvey.pdf
.
Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An ongoing crisis
. New York: International Rescue Committee.
http://www.theirc.org/sites/default/files/migrated/resources/2007/2006-7_congomortalitysurvey.pdf
.
Cohen, D., & Nisbett, R. E. 1997. Field experiments examining the culture of honor: The role of institutions in perpetuating norms about violence.
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 23
, 1188–99.
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 23
, 1188–99.
Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., Bowdle, B., & Schwarz, N. 1996. Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: An “experimental ethnography.”
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 20,
945–60.
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 20,
945–60.
Cole, M., Gay, J., Glick, J., & Sharp, D. W. 1971.
The cultural context of learning and thinking.
New York: Basic Books.
The cultural context of learning and thinking.
New York: Basic Books.
Collier, P. 2007.
The bottom billion: Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it
. New York: Oxford University Press.
The bottom billion: Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it
. New York: Oxford University Press.
Collins, R. 2008.
Violence: A micro-sociological theory
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Violence: A micro-sociological theory
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Cook, P. J., & Moore, M. H. 1999. Guns, gun control, and homicide. In M. D. Smith & M. A. Zahn, eds.,
Homicide: A sourcebook of social research
. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
Homicide: A sourcebook of social research
. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
Cooney, M. 1997. The decline of elite homicide.
Criminology, 35
, 381–407.
Criminology, 35
, 381–407.
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. 1992. Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby, eds.,
The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture.
New York: Oxford University Press.
The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Côté, S. M., Vaillancourt, T., LeBlanc, J. C., Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. E. 2006. The development of physical aggression from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence: A nationwide longitudinal study of Canadian children.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34
, 71–85.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34
, 71–85.
Courtois, S., Werth, N., Panné, J.-L., Paczkowski, A., Bartosek, K., & Margolin, J.-L. 1999.
The black book of communism: Crimes, terror, repression
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
The black book of communism: Crimes, terror, repression
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Courtwright, D. T. 1996.
Violent land: Single men and social disorder from the frontier to the inner city
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Violent land: Single men and social disorder from the frontier to the inner city
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Courtwright, D. T. 2010.
No right turn: Conservative politics in a liberal America
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
No right turn: Conservative politics in a liberal America
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Crick, N. R., Ostrov, J. M., & Kawabata, Y. 2007. Relational aggression and gender: An overview. In D. J. Flannery, A. T. Vazsonyi, & I. D. Waldman, eds.,
The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior and aggression
. New York: Cambridge University Press.
The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior and aggression
. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cronin, A. K. 2009.
How terrorism ends: Understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
How terrorism ends: Understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Csibra, G. 2008. Action mirroring and action understanding: An alternative account. In P. Haggard, Y. Rosetti, & M. Kawamoto, eds.,
Attention and performance XXII: Sensorimotor foundations of higher cognition
. New York: Oxford Univeristy Press.
Attention and performance XXII: Sensorimotor foundations of higher cognition
. New York: Oxford Univeristy Press.
Cullen, D. 2009.
Columbine
. New York: Twelve.
Columbine
. New York: Twelve.
Curtis, V., & Biran, A. 2001. Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes?
Perspectives in Biology & Medicine, 44
, 17–31.
Perspectives in Biology & Medicine, 44
, 17–31.
Dabbs, J. M., & Dabbs, M. G. 2000.
Heroes, rogues, and lovers: Testosterone and behavior
. New York: McGraw Hill.
Heroes, rogues, and lovers: Testosterone and behavior
. New York: McGraw Hill.
Daly, M., Salmon, C., & Wilson, M. 1997. Kinship: The conceptual hole in psychological studies of social cognition and close relationships. In J. Simpson & D. Kenrick, eds.,
Evolutionary social psychology
. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Evolutionary social psychology
. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. 1983.
Sex, evolution, and behavior,
2nd ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.
Sex, evolution, and behavior,
2nd ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.
Other books
Junie B., First Grader (at Last!) by Barbara Park
Dead Wrangler by Coke, Justin
The Scars of Us by Nikki Narvaez
Jaine Austen 2 - Last Writes by Laura Levine
The Most Uncommon Cold I - Life in the Time of Zombies by Littorno, Jeffrey
Eternal Journey by Carol Hutton
Turnabout Twist by Lois Lavrisa
Vacation Under the Volcano by Mary Pope Osborne
Wicked Man by Beth D. Carter
Left for Dead by J.A. Jance
