The Boleyns (29 page)

4. Peter Gwyn,
The King’s Cardinal
(1990), pp. 613-15.

5.
L & P
, IV, no. 6539, 31 July 1530.

6.
L & P
. IV, nos. 5945, 5996, 6073. The Duke of Albany had, allegedly, gone to Scotland without Francis’s consent.

7.
Cal. Ven., 1526–33
, 10 March 1530, p. 567.

8.
L & P
, IV, no. 6115.

9.
ODNB
.

10. Ibid.

11
. L & P
, VI, no. 1164. Ives,
Life and Death
, p. 293.

12. According to Richard Hilles, who was forced into exile after Anne’s death.
The Zurich Letters
, ed. H. Robinson (Parker Society, 1842), I. p. 200.

13. Ives,
Life and Death
, p. 262.

14. J. P. Carley
, The Books of Henry VIII and his Wives
(2004), pp. 129-33.

15. Carley, ‘Her moost lovyng and fryndely brother sendeth gretyng’, in M. P. Brown and S. MacKendrick,
Illuminating the Book
, (1998), p. 272.

16. Ibid, p. 277.

17.
L & P
, VIII, no. 1062. Duke of Norfolk and Lord Rochford to Cromwell.

18. G. Burnet,
History of the Reformation
, I, p. 316. The dependence on Anthony Anthony is speculative.

19.
L & P
, 10, no. 1010.

20.
ODNB
.

21. L. B. Smith,
A Tudor Tragedy
(1961), pp. 121-3.

22. Loades,
The Tudor Queens of England
(2009), pp. 143-8.

23. Culpeppers’s testimony.
L & P
, XVI, no. 1339.

24. Loades,
Tudor Queens
, p. 152.

25.
L & P
, VI, no. 180. MacCulloch,
Thomas Cranmer
, p. 86.

26.
Lords Journals
, I, p. 77.
L & P
, VI, no. 944. R. J . Knecht,
Francis I
(1982), pp. 229-31.

27. Statutes 25 Henry VIII, caps.20, 22.
Statutes of the Realm
, III, pp. 462-4, 471-4.

28.
L & P
, VI, no. 954.

29.
L & P
, VII, no. 922 (16).

30.
L & P
, VIII, no. 662.

31.
L & P
, VIII, nos. 609, 1105.

32.
L & P
, VIII, no. 686.

33. Knecht,
Francis I
, p. 235.
L & P
, VIII., no. 909.

34.
Cal. Span., 1536–38,
pp. 19, 28.

35. Ives
, Life and Death
, p. 328.

36
. L & P
, X, no. 878. Contrast with Henry Norris, worth £1,327, and William Brereton at £1,236.

37. Retha Warnicke,
The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn
, (1989), pp. 214-19. Ives, ‘Stress, Faction and Ideology in early-Tudor England’,
Historical Journal
, 34, 1991, p. 199.

8 The Fall of the Boleyns – the Tower Days

1. Notably by Eric Ives, George Bernard, Retha Warnicke and Maria Dowling. Ives,
The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn
(2004), Bernard,
Anne Boleyn: Fatal Attractions
(2010) (and in numerous articles), Warnicke,
The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn
(1990), and Dowling, ‘Anne Boleyn and Reform’,
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
, 35, 1984.

2. Sir John had a large family, including several daughters, and it is thought to have been his inability to produce dowries for them all which accounts for Jane’s unmarried state at the age of twenty-seven.

3.
Cal. Span., 1536–38
, p. 39.

4. Ibid, pp. 39-40.

5. Knecht,
Francis I
, p. 275.

6. Charles Wriothesley,
A Chronicle of England, 1485–1559
, ed.W.D. Hamilton (Camden Society, 2nd series,11, 1875), I, p. 32.

7. Ives,
Life and Death
, p. 296. Anne was about thirty-five at the time, and could have been approaching the menopause.

8. Ibid. The miscarriage was unexpected, and no skilled midwife would have been in attendance.

9. Warnicke,
The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn
.

10.
Cal. Span., 1531–33
, p. 28. Ives,
Life and Death
, pp. 298-9.

11.
L & P
, X, no. 670.

12. Among other things, he saluted her in the Chapel Royal.
Cal. Span
.
, 1536–38
, pp. 54, 75, 89, 91-8.

13. It was this opposition which prompted Henry to haggle in his dealings with the Imperial ambassador, in spite of an apparent consensus in his council in favour of a deal.
L & P
, X, no. 699.

14. R. W. Hoyle, ‘The origins of the dissolution of the monasteries’,
Historical Journal
, 38, 1995, pp. 284-99.

15. Ives,
Life and Death
, p. 316.

16. Bernard,
Anne Boleyn
, p. 163.

17.
State Papers
, VII, pp. 683-8.

18. Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, I, pp. 189-91.

19. S. E. Lehmberg,
The Later Parliaments of Henry VIII
, (1977), pp. 25-28.

20. Bernard,
Anne Boleyn
, pp. 151-61.

21. Ives,
Life and Death
, p. 320.

22. Cavendish,
The Life of Cardinal Wolsey
, ed. Singer, pp. 451, 456.

23. Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 819.

24. Cavendish,
Wolsey
, ed. Singer, p. 451.

25.
Cal. Span
.
, 1536–38
, pp. 107-8.

26. Cavendish,
Wolsey
, ed. Singer, pp. 458-9.

27. Ives,
Life and Death
, pp. 338-40.

28. Rochford was apparently given a writing containing her statement, for his comment. He then read it out publicly in court. Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, p. 39.

29. Bernard,
Anne Boleyn
, pp. 168-9.

30.
L & P
, X, no. 908.

31. N. H. Nicholas,
The Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VIII
, (1827), pp. 97, 112, 168.

32. Ives,
Life and Death
, pp. 334-6.

33. The only possible impediments which could have been used in this context must have existed before the marriage had taken place. It could have been the King’s relationship with Mary, or Anne’s precontract with Henry Percy (if any such had existed).

34. S. Bentley,
Excerpta Historica
, (1831), p. 263.

35.
The Papers of George Wyatt
, ed. D. Loades (Camden Scoety, 4th series, 5, 1968) p. 189.

36.
L & P
, X, pp. 888, 1161, 1227.

37. Loades,
The Six Wives of Henry VIII
(2009), p. 92.

38.
L & P
, XIII, I, no. 1419.

39. Ives,
Life and Death
, pp. 338-56.

40. Bernard,
Anne Boleyn
, pp. 161-82.

41. Ibid.

42.
L & P
, X, no. 908.

43. Statute 27 Henry VIII, cap. 28.
Statutes of the Realm
, III, pp. 575-8. For a discussion of the Bishops’ Book and its revisions, see MacCulloch,
Thomas Cranmer
, pp. 185-97, 207-13.

44. Loades,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 98-9.

45. Ibid.

46. BL Cotton MS Otho C.X, f.283.
L & P
, X, no. 968.

47. BL Cotton MS Otho C.X, f.278.
L & P
, X, no. 1022.

48. Loades,
Mary Tudor
, p. 102.

49. BL Cotton MS Otho C.X, f.289.
L & P
, X, no. 1136.

50. Loades,
Mary Tudor
, p. 101.

51. Chapuys to the Emperor, 1 July 1536.
L & P
, XI, no. 7.

52. R. W. Hoyle,
The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s
(2001), pp. 347, 351.

53.
Handbook of British Chronology
, p. 496.

54. Susan James,
Kateryn Parr: the Making of a Queen
(1999).

55.
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, ed. L. S. Marcus, Janelle Mueller and M. B. Rose (2000), pp. 5-6.

56. Statute 35 Henry VIII, cap.1.
Statutes of the Realm
, III, p. 955.

57. Loades,
Elizabeth I
(2003), p. 49.

58. Bodleian Library MS Cherry 36, ffs.2-4.
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, pp. 6-7.

59. Loades,
Elizabeth I
, pp. 63-4.

60. Princess Elizabeth to Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector, September 1548.
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, p. 22.

61. G. Bernard, ‘The Downfall of Sir Thomas Seymour’, in Bernard,
The Tudor Nobility
(1992).

62. She had been imprisoned during Mary’s reign for suspected involvement in Sir Thomas Wyatt’s rebellion, and had been pressed by Philip to marry the Duke of Savoy. Her reaction had been to adopt a very sober style of dress, and to keep a low profile.

9 Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon – the Berwick Years

1.
ODNB
.

2. Ibid. For the action and deployment of the fleet, which involved the sinking of the
Mary Rose
, see D. Loades and C. S. Knighton,
Letters from the Mary Rose
(2002), pp. 106-120.

3.
L & P.
, XXI, no. 1235. Among the documents signed by stamp in1546 is a grant to John Carey, Esquire of the Privy Chamber, who must have been a kinsman, of the ‘rule’ of Kynderweston Hundred, Wiltshire, with issues from the death of William Carey, until the full age of Henry Carey, William’s son and heir.

4.
Cal. Pat
.
, Edward VI
, II, p. 93.

5.
Cal. Pat
.
, Edward VI
, III, pp. 250, 320.

6.
ODNB
.

7.
Cal. Pat
.
, Elizabeth, 1558–60
, pp. 60, 90.

8. Ibid, pp. 115-7. W. MacCaffrey,
The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime
(1969), p. 40. L. Stone,
The Crisis of the Aristocracy
(1965), p. 760.

9.
Cal. Pat
.
, Elizabeth, 1558–60
, p. 415.

10. The Garter was also conferred on him in April 1561.
ODNB
. The takeover of schools and universities by the sons of gentlemen began in the early sixteenth century, and gradually took over from the older notion of a training in arms and manners. Joan Simon,
Education and Society in Tudor England
(1966), pp. 291-8, 333- 368.