The Colosseum (25 page)

morning shows
55
,
73
,
95
–6

procurement
100
–103

scale of slaughter
8
,
42
,
51
,
94
–5,
96
–8

unimpressive?
53
,
101
see also
martyrs

architectural methods at Rome
144
–5

Arval Brethren (Roman priesthood), seating allocation
108

Asterix the Gladiator
59

Augustus (Roman emperor,
31
BC
–
AD
14
)
39
,
43
,
89
,
98
,
110

Byron, Lord, descriptions of Colosseum
3
–4,
7
–8,
10
,
12

Cellini, Benvenuto
150
–52

Chirico, Giorgio De, images of gladiators
68
–9

Circus Maximus
23
,
37
,
98

Coliseum, London
158
–9

‘Colossus’
34
–5,
95
,
115
,
150

Colosseum,

ambivalent modern reactions
5
–12,
16
–20

awnings (‘vela’)
127
–8

boxes
133
–4

boundary bollards
127
–8

building and design
127
–30,
142
–8

bullfight in arena, 1332
2
,
151
,
154
–5

Christian shrines, monuments and ceremonies
5
–7,
13
,
103
,
164
–71

dangers for visitors, ancient and modern
9
–10,
114
,
116
,
135
–6

depicted on Olympic medal
vi
-viii

drainage
142

emperor’s role in
40
–41,
49
–50,
113
–18

end of gladiator and animal shows
152
–4

entrance-ways
128
–30

etymology
149
–50

excavations
138
,
171
–3

Fascist interventions under Mussolini
13
,
173
–6,
188

flora
7
–8,
177
–80

flooding
43
–4,
138
–42

foundations
146
–8

founding
26
–35

frequency of use
54
–5

Hitler visits 1938
173
–5

Illumination
4
–5,
19
–20

inaugural shows,
AD
80
8
,
23
–4,
42
–50

medieval traditions
149
–52

model for later architecture
157
–8

modern tourism
12
–19

necromancy
150
–52

nineteenth-century responses
1
–12,
169

original appearance and decoration
124
,
126
,
130
–31,
188

‘passageway of Commodus’
133
–4,
188

plundering and ‘quarrying’
160
–62

restorations, ancient and modern
122
–4,
154
,
166
–7,
171

re-use after antiquity
17
,
157
,
162
–3,
170

role in Roman politics
25
–6,
38
–41,
106
–7,
110
–12,
117
–18

Roman reactions
21
–6

seating arrangements
106
–111,
131
–3

substructures beneath arena
15
,
136
–42,
171
–2

Commodus (Roman emperor,
AD
180
–92)
82
,
101
,
114
–17,
120
,
134

‘condemnation to the wild beasts’
see
martyrs

Constantius II (Roman emperor,
AD
337–61)
24

Deakin, Richard,
Flora of the Colosseum
178
–80

Dickens, Charles,
Pictures from Italy
8
–9

Domitian (Roman emperor,
AD
81
–96)
61
,
114

emperor, role of in Rome
39
–41

executions, as mythical ‘charades’
45
–9,
55

Faustina (wife of Marcus Aurelius, died
AD
175
), rumoured affair with gladiator
82

Fea, Carlo
138
–41,
163

Forum, gladiatorial display in
37

‘Frangipane palace’
163

Gaudentius, ‘architect’ of Colosseum
2
,
144

Galen (physician, died
AD
199
/216)
75
–6

Gérôme, Jean-Léon, paintings of gladiatorial combat
14
,
56
–60,
68
,
89
,
134

Gladiator see
Scott, Ridley

gladiatorial shows,

Christian reactions
120
,
153

complexity of Roman reactions
118
–121

economics
76
,
90
–92

end
153
–4

organisation and programme
51
,
70
–73

origins
119

presented by aristocrats
52
–3

scale and frequency
52
–3,
91
–3

standard modern image
55
–60

version of military prowess
83

gladiators,

armour
63
,
66
–71

betting on
56
,
72

civic status
76
–7

emperors as
78
,
114
–18

graffiti from Pompeii
71
,
81
,
86
–7,
89

last meal
56
,
72

maximum prices
90

object of spectacle
83
–4

Priscus and Verus
49
–50

rates of death
42
–3,
86
–9,
93
–4

Roman images
63
–4,
80

Roman oratory
78
,
85
–6

senators as
78
,
114

sexuality
64
–5,
69
,
80
–83

suicide
53
,
84
–5

tax on sale, abolition
90
,
91
–2

tombstones
60
–2.
86
–9

total numbers
92
–3

types
55
–6,
60
–66
see also
Seneca, Tertullian, women

‘Golden House’
see
Nero

‘Hail Caesar, those about to die …’
55
,
58
–60

Hawthorne, Nathaniel,
The Marble Faun
7

Ignatius, Saint (died early second century
AD
), martyrdom
104

James, Henry,
Daisy Miller
10

Ludus Magnus
136
,
185
–6

McCartney, Paul
17

Marcus Aurelius (Roman Emperor,
AD
161
–80)
76
,
82
,
90
,
119
–20

Martial (Roman poet),
Book of the Shows
23
–4,
44
–50,
66
,
96
–7

martyrs, Christian
5
,
13
,
103
–6,
164
–6

‘Meta Sudans’
95
,
186

Murray’s Handbook to Central Italy
1
–9

Nero (Roman emperor
AD
54
–68)
26
,
34
–5,
75
‘Golden House’
28
–32
see also
‘Colossus’

Olympic Games, Sydney
vii
-ix

Perpetua and Felicity, Saints (died
AD
203
)
72
,
105
–6,
130

Pompeii, gladiatorial barracks, armour from
66
–8

woman in
82
–3

riot in amphtheatre
38
,
110
see also
gladiators, graffiti from Pompeii

‘Roman fever’
9
–10

Saepta (‘Voting Pens’)
37
,
39
–40

Scott, Ridley,
Gladiator
13
,
57
–8,
76
,
121

Seneca (Roman writer, died
AD
65
), on gladiators and shows
70
–72,
78
.
80
,
85
,
118

Sixtus V, Pope
2
,
157
,
166

Spartacus (freedom fighter, died
71
BC
)
77
–9

Stael, Madame de,
Corinne
9

Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (Roman dictator,
c
.138–79
BC
)
107
–8

Tertullian (Roman/Christian writer, died
c
.
AD
240), on shows and gladiators
47
,
72
,
119

tintinnabulum
, self-castration
64
–5

Titus (Roman emperor,
AD
79
–81)
2
,
27
–9,
31
–2,
42
–5,
49
–50,
51
–2,
61

Trajan (Roman emperor,
AD
98
–117)
51
–2,
61
,
88
–9,
145

Triumph over Jews,
AD
71
27
–9

Twain, Mark,
Innocents Abroad
10
–12,
16
–17

Vespasian (Roman emperor,
AD
69
–79)
2
,
26
–35

Vestal Virgins
58
,
107
,
134

Virgil (Roman poet,
70
–19
BC
), ‘architect’ of Colosseum
149

‘Voting Pens’,
see
Saepta

Wharton, Edith, ‘Roman Fever’
10
,
189

women, as animal hunters
44

as gladiators
75

WONDERS OF THE WORLD

This is a small series of books that will focus on some of the world’s most famous sites or monuments. Their names will be familiar to almost everyone: they have achieved iconic stature and are loaded with a fair amount of mythological baggage. These monuments have been the subject of many books over the centuries, but our aim, through the skill and stature of the writers, is to get something much more enlightening, stimulating, even controversial, than straightforward histories or guides. The series is under the general editorship of Mary Beard. Other titles in the series are:

Published

Geremie R. Barmé:
The Forbidden City

Mary Beard:
The Parthenon

Simon Bradley:
St Pancras Station

Iain Fenlon:
Piazza San Marco

Cathy Gere:
The Tomb of Agamemnon

Simon Goldhill:
The Temple of Jerusalem