The site of a ruined Buddhist monastery and
st
pa
in Bihar, N. India.
The Chinese traveller
Hsuan-Tsang
described N
land
during the 7th cent., when it was visited by pilgrims from all over the Buddhist world. Despite being fortified, it was destroyed, probably by Muslim armies, sometime in the late 12th cent.
N
land
is also a significant holy site for Jains since it is associated with the life of
Mah
v
ra
.
A collection of hymns and poems in Tamil by the S. Indian
Alv
rs
. The title (mixed Tamil and Sanskrit.) means ‘the Sacred Composition in 4,000 [stanzas]’. This collection was compiled around 900 CE, allegedly by the
Vai
ava
brahman
(
r
-Ra
ga-) N
thamuni who is also said to have composed the music for the hymns. As in the case of the roughly contemporary
aivite
Tirumurai
, this is a codification of vernacular
bhakti
literature which began in the 6th cent. CE.