The History of the Renaissance World (131 page)

Khojend, 263

Khokars, 228

Khorasan, 34, 121, 122, 134, 480

Khusrau Malik, sultan of the Ghaznavids, 122–23

Khusru, Amir, 428–29

Khusru Khan, sultan of Delhi, 430–31, 478

Khwarezm, Kingdom of, 262–67, 279, 333, 558

timelines, 269, 274

Khyber Pass, 121, 407

Kiev, 266, 310, 313, 315, 316, 367

Kilu-ghari, 404

Kilwa Chronicle
, 97

Kilwa empire, 97–98

Shirazi dynasty of, 97

timelines, 101, 107, 116, 210, 216

Kim Bo-dang, 72

Kim Bu-sik, 71

Ki-Ming-Chan mountain range, 505

Kim Ton-jung, 71–72

Kingdom of Two Sicilies, 333, 335, 337, 364–65, 373–75, 389, 390–91, 410

Kinghorn, 497

Kirman, 34

Kitabatake Chikafusa, 476

Knighton, Henry, 507, 509–10, 613

Knights Hospitallers, 44, 157–58, 601

Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, 44

Knights Templar, 44, 157–58, 377, 413–14, 416, 420

Grand Master of, 335

Koblenz, 321

Kogon, emperor of Japan, 473–75

Koje Island, 72

kola nuts, 95

Konoe, emperor of Japan, 61, 64–65

Konrad, duke of Mazovia, 283

Konyali, 419

Korea,
see
Goryeo

Koryeo-San
, 342

Kosovo, Battle of, 598

Kotte, 548

Krakow, 367, 551–52, 674

Krewo, 555

Krishna, 546

Krishna river, 479

Kublai Khan, 341–43, 349, 379–86,
381
, 405–6, 505, 525–26, 565, 637

Kujawy, 284

Kuju, 311

Kumano, 66

Kumbi-Saleh, 99–100, 207

Kuniyoshi, 471, 472

Kurds, 104

Kurikara, Battle of, 163

Kutluk, 505

Kyong, prince, 70–71

Kyoto, 62, 66, 67, 163, 212–15, 383, 470, 472–76, 566, 569

Kyushu, 382

laborers, 582–84

Ladislaus, king of Hungary, 677

Lagos, 658–59

Lahneck Castle, 613

Lahore, 122, 123, 226, 228–29, 326, 328, 545

Lakhnawati, 480

Laknaur, 328

Lakshman Sen, king of the Sena, 119, 123–24

Lalibela, Gebra Maskal, 287–88

Lanark, 400

Lancaster, duke of, 591

Lancaster, House of, 596, 625

Landa, Diego de, 188

Lanfranc, 5–6

Langton, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, 204, 248–49, 252

Languedoc, 236–37, 238, 240, 246, 250, 258–59, 320, 391, 517, 582

Laodicea, 39

La Rochelle, 578

Lascaris, Beatrice, duchess of Milan, 645–46

Las Huelgas, 244

Las Navas, 244,
245

Las Navas de Tolosa, Battle of, 244,
245
, 246

Lastours, 240

Latin, 354

classical Greek texts available in, 5

Qur’an translated into, 46

Latin Empire, 180, 217–23, 367–70, 389

timelines, 224, 232, 371, 378

Latin language, xxiii

law:

Church, 53, 323, 413

English, 395

English church, 126–27

in Germany, 388

Islamic, 226, 332, 351, 588

Jewish, 89, 395

Mongol, 198, 339

natural, 51

Salic, 417, 463, 467, 499, 515

Tang, 329

Western Xia, 198

“Law of the Fishes,” 117

Lazar, 598

Legnano, 85

le Gros, Guy Foulques,
see
Clement IV, pope

Leicester, 507

earl of, 205, 238

Leinster, 148–49

Le Loi (Binh Dinh Vuong), king of Dai Viet, 640–42

Le Mans, 594

Leo I, king of Cilician Armenia, 17

León, 43, 44, 88,
89
, 242, 243

Leonardo da Vinci, xxxiv

León-Castile, 306–7,
307
, 515

lepers, 463

Le (Ho) Quy Ly, 534–35

Lesser Brothers,
see
Franciscans

Letts, 284

Lewes, 362

li
, 57

Li Anchaun, king of Western Xia, 198–99

Liegnitz, 315

Lille, 250

Limoges, 174, 577–78

Limpopo river, 290–91

Lin’an (Hangzhou), 55–56

Lincoln, earl of, 435

Lindholm Castle, 607

lingams
, 108, 113, 300–301

lingayat, 113–14

Lionel of Antwerp, 620

Li-p’an mountains, 267

Li Qingzhao, 25

Li Renxiao, king of Western Xia, 197–98

Lisbon, 88, 658

Lithuania, 554–55

timelines, 556, 564, 570

Lithuanians, 284–85

Little Poland, 284

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales, 394–97

logic, 6

Loire river, 251, 517, 578, 663, 665

Lollards, 614

Lombard, Peter, 53, 354, 647
n

Lombard League, 85–86, 318–24, 364, 410, 484, 486, 571, 573

Lombardy, 322, 323, 486, 604, 646, 648

London, 30, 76, 203, 252, 361, 363, 434, 451, 465, 501, 520, 578, 582, 583, 584, 625

Long Campaign, 675

Longxing Peace Accord, 59

Lopburi, 531–32

Lorraine, duke of, 321

Lothair III, Holy Roman emperor, 20

Louis, duke of Orleans, 594, 621

Louis (dauphin, son of Charles VI), 621

Louis IV (Louis of Bavaria), Holy Roman emperor, 416, 484–86,
487
, 499–503, 551, 571

Louis VII, king of France, 36–40,
37
, 76–79, 128, 148, 150–52, 167

Louis VIII, king of France, 248–49, 254–55, 259, 303

Louis IX, king of France, 259, 303–4, 308, 332–37, 347, 353–57, 364, 367–68, 372–74, 391, 398, 410

Louis X, king of France, 416–17, 466

Louis of Anjou, 520, 521

as king of Hungary, 551, 552, 553

Louvre, 250

Lübeck, 83

Lucca, 415, 572–73, 575

Lund Cathedral, 608

Luong river, 534

Lusignan, Hugh de, 308

Lu Yu, 56, 59

Ly dynasty, of Vietnam, 27, 29, 298–99, 301

Lyons, 238, 324, 375, 376, 413

Ly Than Tong, 29

Ly Thuong Kiet, 27

Ma’bar, 506

Machaut, Guillaume de, 510, 551

Machiavelli, Niccolò, xxiv, 612, 646

Mac Murchada, Diarmait, king of Leinster, 148–49

Madanapala, king of Pala empire, 120

Madden, Thomas, 36

Madura, sultanate of, 480

Mafia, 97

Magha, 270–71

Maghan, king of Mali, 457

magic, 459

Magna Carta, 251–54,
251
, 283, 361

Magnus Ericsson, king of Sweden and Norway, 604–5

Magyar tribes, 137

Mahakassapa, 111

Mahavansa, The
, 108, 110

Mahmud, Nasiruddin, 561–63

Mahmud Ghuri, 225

Ma-Huan, 638

Maimon ben Joseph, Rabbi, 89

Maimonides, 89

Maine, 151, 202

Mainz, 19, 321

Mainz, archbishop of, 613

Majorca, 306

Malaya, 450

Maldives, 638

Malestroit, Treaty of, 501

Mali, 209,
209
, 455–59,
456
,
458
, 459

timelines, 460, 469, 477

Malik Shah, 34

Malinke people, 100, 208

Malmesbury, 78

Malwa, 428, 549, 627

mamluks, 225–26, 228, 327, 336–37, 346–49, 376, 404, 449, 450, 459, 463, 628, 632

Circassian, 628

timelines, 352, 358, 366

Manco Capac, king of the Incans, 192–93

Manfred, 360, 363–64, 390

mangonels, 258–59

Mani, 455

Mannar, 109–10

Mansa Musa, king of Mali, 455–59,
458

Mansa Sulayman, king of Mali, 457–59

Mansurah, 335–36

Mantua, 321, 572

Manuel, 422, 541

Manuel I Comnenus, emperor of Constantinople, 35, 40, 103–5, 134–39, 138
n
, 141–44, 168
n
, 673

Manuel II, emperor of Byzantium, 598–601, 629–33, 650

Mao Ziyuan, 525

Mapungubwe,
289
, 290–91

timelines, 292, 297, 302

Mar, earl of, 498

Maragheh, 349

Marara, king of the Zagwe, 287

Marcel, Etienne, 519

Marche, 308

Marche, count of, 202, 335

Mardin, 632

Margaret, queen of Norway, 397, 605

Margaret, queen of Scotland, 397

Margaret, ruler of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, 605–9,
606

Margaret (heir to Scottish throne), 397–98

Margaret (wife of Henry the Younger), 153

Margaret of Provence, queen of France, 333, 336

Marguerite, queen of England, 401

Marica river, 537

Mari Diata II, king of Mali, 459

Marigny, 667

Marinids, 372, 655–57

timelines, 661, 672, 682

Marion of Lanark, 400

Marmande, 259

Marmara, Sea of, 170, 222, 370, 423, 680

Marrakesh, 45, 88, 244, 372

Marseille, 168, 507, 541

Marshal, William, 167, 252–55, 304

Marsilius of Padua, 485–86, 500, 582

Märstetten, count of, 484

Martin IV, pope, 389, 391

Martin V, pope, 618, 648

Martirano, 321

Marwan II, caliph, 134
n

Mary, queen of Hungary and Poland, 553–54

Mary of Antioch, empress of Byzantium, 137, 144–45

Masakiyo, 67

Master of Hungary, 354–55, 462

mathematics, 46

Matilda, Holy Roman empress, 10, 19–22, 103

England invaded by, 22, 76–78, 149, 254

Matthew, gospel of, 257

Matthew (son of Emperor John VI), 537–38

Mayans, 187–88

Mayapan, 187–88

mazmudins
, 242

Mazovia, 284, 552

Meath, king of, 148–49

Meaux, 579

Meaux, Geoffrey de, 445

Mecca, 95, 97, 103, 155, 290, 429, 451, 456, 480, 482, 638

sharif
of, 351

Medici, Cosimo de’, 650

Medieval Warm Period, 443

Medina, 351

Mediterranean Sea, 14, 102, 104, 134, 135, 176, 236, 294, 306, 342, 351, 370, 372–73, 391, 445, 506, 551, 587, 588, 628, 655

Mehmed, emperor of the Ottomans, 632–33, 650

Mehmet II, emperor of the Ottomans, 676–80

Mekong river, 531

Melisande, queen of Jerusalem, 21

Melun, 49

Mencius, 341

Menelik, 288

Menteith, John, 434

Mercia, 394

Merkit coalition, Mongol, 196

Merv, 134, 264

Mesoamerica, 188–89

Mesopotamia, 157

Messina, 506

Messina, Strait of, 389

Mesufa tribe, 85

Metternich, Klemens von, 16

Meulan, 663

Meung, 663

Mewar, 230, 329, 428

Mexica people (Aztecs), 491–95,
493

Mexico, Valley of, 491

Michael, archangel, 288

Michael VIII Palaeologus, ruler of Byzantium, 369–70, 375–76, 389

Michael IX, co-emperor of Ottoman empire, 420–22

Michael Comnenus, ruler of Epirus, 220, 221

Michelangelo Buonarroti, xxiv

Middle East, 121, 343, 349, 450

Milan, 83, 85, 235, 320, 321, 323–24, 374, 484, 486, 571, 573–75, 612, 646, 648, 675

Milan, archbishop of, 235
n

Minamoto clan, 62–63, 65–67, 161, 473

Minamoto Sanetomo, 213

Minamoto Tametomo, 65

Minamoto Tameyoshi, 65

Minamoto Yoriie, shogun, 212–13

Minamoto Yoritomo, 162–64, 211–13

Minamoto Yoshinaka, 162–63

Minamoto Yoshitomo, 65–67, 162

Minato river, 474

Minerve, 240

Ming dynasty, 528,
528
, 534, 565–69, 637–43,
641

timelines, 570, 576, 586, 644, 653, 661

Minor Friars,
see
Franciscans

Mircea the Elder, prince of Wallachia, 633

Moche people, 191–92

Modena, 324

Monastery of St. George, 539

money, paper, 55–56

Mongke, Great Khan, 339–43, 382

Mongolia, 310, 379

timelines, 269, 274

Mongols, 55
n
, 195–200, 262–68, 279, 282, 301, 310–16,
312
, 327, 328, 329, 333, 339–43,
344
, 347–49, 374, 379–86, 405–8,
406
, 420, 450, 452, 470, 525, 527, 531, 533, 554, 557–63, 565–66, 627–32, 637, 642

Christianity and, 340, 341, 348–49

drinking habits of, 339, 340, 341, 405

empire of,
265
,
314
, 343,
344

Islam and, 348, 349

timelines, 201, 206, 210, 325, 345, 352, 387, 393, 409, 418

Monreale, church of, 324

Monstrelet, Enguerrand de, 622–23, 625, 662, 664–65, 669, 678–79

Montclus, 462

Montfort-l’Amaury, count of, 205

Montlhéry, 303

Montpellier, 465

Montreal Castle, 155

Montrose, 399

Morava river, 598

Moravia, 388

Moray, Thomas Randolph, earl of Moray, 497–98

Morgannwg, 394

Morocco, 88, 91, 451

Mortimer, Catherine, 621

Mortimer, Edmund, earl of March, 620–21

Mortimer, Roger, 464–68

Moscow, 315, 339, 560

grand duke of, 509

Moses, 287

Mosul, 156, 157, 379

Mototsune, 61
n

Mount Cadmus, 39

Mount Hiei, 472

Mourtzouphlus,
see
Alexius V Ducas

Mstislav III, grand duke of Kiev, 266

Mughulistan
, 557

Muhammad, Prophet, 134
n
, 226
n
, 277, 351