The Origins of the British: The New Prehistory of Britain (89 page)

lack of celtic/Latin
12
,
324–5
,
338

Norse theory
349–50

Scandinavian influence
348
,
353

seen as Germanic
340

Old Irish
98

O’Rahilly, Thomas
87
,
101

Ordovices
69
Orkney Islands
253
,
258
,
455–6
,
459–61
,
481

Oscan dialect
89

Otte, Marcel
297

oxygen isotope analysis
268

P-celtic
83
,
88–90

Page, Raymond Ian
369
,
371
,
376
,
377

Palaeolithic
55

see also
Late Upper Palaeolithic; Middle Upper Palaeolithic; Upper Palaeolithic

Palearctic Biome
154

palimpsest
297
,
448

Papaver segiterum
203

Parisii (England/Gaul)
13
,
77–8
,
78

Parsons, David
326–7

Parthenius of Apamea
44

passage graves
16
,
199
,
252–3

personal names

after Norman conquest
464–6

of Belgae
313

as celtic evidence
314–15

English surname types
464–6

Peterborough Ware
270

Pezron, Paul-Yves
27
,
62
,
65
,
67

phenetic analysis
92

Phoenician script
369
,
371

phylogeographic approach
417
,
428–9
,
443
,
449

physical appearance

red hair
217
,
312

Strabo on populations in England
11
,
311

Tacitus on Britons
11–12
,
311–12

Welsh (Silures)
12
,
69

Pictish
71
,
82–3
,
83
,
356

Picts
217

place-names

Belgic evidence
482

celtic roots
320–3

in Domesday Book
464

inability to date
328–9

as language evidence
314

in Roman England
324–9
,
482

Viking
451

as ‘wipe-out’ evidence
10–11

plants
200

Pleistocene
154

Pliny the Elder
343

plough
255

Polybius
54
,
61

poppy
203

population
463

portal tombs
16
,
252–3

post-Swiderian cultures
178

pottery
6
,
16
,
41
,
103–4
,
111
,
200–4
,
215
,
227–8
,
247
,
255
,
258–60
,
473

precious metals
273

Principal Components Analysis
270
,
284–90
,
297
,
414–6

processual archaeology
56

Procopius of Caesarea
15
,
378–9
,
422
,
441

Proto-Germanic
298

Proto-Italic
298

Pryor, Francis
359–62
,
363–4
,
402
,
478
,
480

Ptolemy, Claudius

on Brigantes
76

Carvetii omission
75

on Ireland
86

on place-names
64
,
325–8
,
363

on Saxons
388

Punic pottery
41

Pyrene
32

Q-celtic
88–90

‘race’
51
,
383

racial migrationism
113

‘racial packages’
112

Raedwald, king
393
,
394–5

Rankin, David
35
,
36
,
45–6
,
49–50
,
86
,
101

regional identity
244–5

Remi
316–17
,
320
,
322

Renfrew, Colin
7
,
17
,
64–5
,
84
,
99
,
111
,
285–9
,
291
,
301

Richards, Julian
455

Richards, Martin
122
,
164
,
212–13
,
218
,
219
,
228
,
476

Ringe, Don
293

Rivet, Leo
324

Rob R1b-8 cluster (Y)
172–3
,
197–9
,
456

Rollo the Ganger
467
,
468

Roman Britain

Angles in
364–6
,
375–6

celtic (Brythonic?) in
311

likely British types in
12–15

Saxons in
357–69
,
376
,
480

use of Latin
324
,
334–5

Roman England

celtic languages in
482

Celtic population
10
,
474

general languages in
69–70
,
72
,
80
,
324
,
474

place-names in
325–8

Roman script
330
,
368
,
369
,
381

Romance languages
24
,
89
,
97
,
100

Rootsi, Siiri
189

Rory R1b-14 cluster (Y)
135
,
144–5
,
221–2

Rosser, Zoë
185
,
263
,
423

Rostov R1a1 gene group (Y)
137
,
139
,
183–7
,
195
,
263–4
,
296
,
455–6

Rox R1b-9 gene group (Y)
141
,
143–4
,
166–7

Ruisko R1b gene group (Y)
133
,
137
,
139–40
,
143
,
149–50
,
165
,
169
,
183
,
246
,
270
,
457
,
459
,
460–1

runic script

distribution of
370
,
371
,
381
,
382

inscriptions
335

origins of
369
,
371
,
376–8

orthography vs location
374–6

Scandinavian roots
369
,
371
,
376–7

Ruslan R gene group (Y)
133
,
183

Ruy R1b-10 gene group (Y)
141
,
142
,
165–6

Saami
124
,
128
,
178
,
179–88

Saxo Grammaticus
389–90
,
445

Saxon shore
359–63
,
376
,
439–40
,
448
,
451
,
480

Saxons

absence of runes
374
,
377
,
381

Anglian separation
380
,
398
,
479

cruciform brooch void
381

evidence of kingdoms
373

Gildas on
305–6

homeland of
373

Norse language theory
349–50

in Roman Britain
357–69
,
376
,
480

term used loosely
388

Saxony
388
,
390

Scandinavia

Balkan Y-chromosome input
195–6

Franco-Spanish mtDNA input
179

Iberian mtDNA input
195

king list convergence
385

longboats
445–6

runic script roots
369
,
371

ship burials
394–6

two-source Mesolithic colonization
178

Y-chromosome input
179–83

during Younger Dryas
177–8

Schleswig-Holstein
188
,
396
,
478

Schmidt, Karl Horst
88
,
97

Scotland

celtic languages in
67
,
80
,
81
,
109