The Origins of the British: The New Prehistory of Britain (87 page)

Higham, Nick
400

Hill, Emmeline
145
,
248

Himilco
36
,
37
,
40
,
41
,
42
,
53
,
62
,
98
,
217

Holocene
154–5
,
297

Homo sapiens
114

horses/ponies

burials
396

domestication
262–3

Scandinavian gene flow
217
,
276
,
276–80
,
309

Hungary
200–1
,
228

hunter-gatherers

after LGM
123

in Holocene
154–5

during LGM
117

in Mesolithic
156–7

and nutrition
205

in Younger Dryas
153

HV, mtDNA group
126–7

Hwicca, Kingdom of
373

Ian, 11a male clan (Y)
189–91
,
192–3
,
225–35
,
293

Iberia

Atlantic coast colonization
151

Celts in
62–3

insular Celt source
149

Mesolithic migration
163–4

Neolithic migration
307–8

post-LGM expansion
139–40

Scandinavian spread
181–3

Welsh link
12
,
270–1

Iberian celtic
87

ice ages
see
Last Glacial Maximum; Younger Dryas Event

Iceland

celtic split
97

Viking colonization
457–9

Indo-European languages

British relevance
281

celtic split
297

dating problem
283

dating splits
292
,
298–300

and gene flow
293
,
296–7

language trees
292–3
,
294–5

Mesolithic theory
297
,
300

Neolithic roots
473–4

root question
286–8

spread theories
285–8
,
292–3

Ingert IIc gene group (Y)
142
,
146–8
,
175
,
189–92
,
194
,
225–6

inscriptions

on British coins
330

Celtiberian
63

and celtic languages
65
,
67
,
80
,
105
,
110
,
329
,
334

celtic void in England
67
,
368
,
482

Gaulish
61

Latin
334–5
,
335
,
368

N. Scottish celtic void
461

in non-English Britain
368

Ogham
83–4
,
85
,
368
,
461

and Picts
89

post-Roman England void
335–9
,
368

Scottish
83–4

and sound changes
91

insular-celtic

arrival in Britain
98

Continental celtic link
89
,
105

Continental split
98

dialect comparisons
96

Gaulish split
98
,
99

southern roots
105

see also
Gaelic (Goidelic)

Insular Celts

concept created
27

Iberian roots
149

Ireland

agriculture in
199

Brythonic speakers in
87

burials
252

celtic language in
67
,
76
,
80
,
109

celtic split
6
,
111

colonization
120–1
,
143
,
145

copper-mining
100
,
103
,
269

European land bridge
2
,
115
,
120

Iberian influence
307
,
437
,
476

invasion legends
8
,
87
,
100–1
,
110

Iron Age art
55

in Mesolithic
159–60
,
199–200
,
245

Mesolithic intrusions
165
,
196

Mesolithic re-expansions
221–2

metal-mining
111

Neolithic in
198

Neolithic intrusions
165
,
219
,
244
,
307–8
,
475

Neolithic re-expansions
221–3

P/Q changes
89

Scottish links
84–5

Spanish celtic link
87
,
90
,
101

spread theories
104
,
111

Viking raids in
447

Irish Dalriadics
81

Irish Gaelic
82
,
87
,
97
,
100

Irish king lists
8
,
100
,
101
,
473

Irish Sea
143
,
145
,
167

Iron Age

artefacts
12–13

Celtic invasion theory
7–8
,
8–9
,
10
,
24–5
,
100

incoming genes
309

lack of migrations
280

Italic languages
229

Italic-Romance
96

Italy
42
,
46
,
48
,
54
,
58
,
61
,
64
,
65

Ivan I male clan (Y)
137
,
139
,
140
,
142
,
177
,
188–9
,
225–8

Iverni
86

ivory artefacts
153

J male group (Y)
237–9

J mtDNA group
186–94

J1a mtDNA group (LBK line)
219

Jackson, Kenneth
77
,
81
,
83
,
324
,
356

James, Simon
8–9
,
26
,
28
,
35
,
50
,
62

Jansen, Thomas
279

jewellery

‘Celtic’ assumption
54–5

cruciform brooches
381

gold
273

Iron Age
7

Solutrean beads
125

Jutes
9
,
366
,
377
,
479
,
480

Kent
363

Kernowek
73

king lists
101
,
385–91
,
393
,
473

kingship lists
8

Komsa culture
178

Kuhn, Hans
321

‘Kurgan’ hypothesis
262–4
,
285
,
287
,
291

Kynesians
32

La Coruña
76

La Hoguette pottery
202–4

La Tène culture
9
,
30
,
54
,
64
,
66
,
105
,
280

land ownership
206

language history
90

language trees
292–7
,
298–300

languages

borrowing effect
93
,
299
,
299–399

British–Belgic similarities
313

celtic family trees
87–90

changes in
245–6

‘common language’
10–11
,
13–14

comparative method
91
,
92

as cultural proxy
113

and culture
281
,
283
,
311

dating
290–3

dating splits
91–7
,
298–300

family trees
92

and genetics
299–300

and migration
290
,
297–8

names as evidence
320–3

neighbourly
94

P/Q division
88–90

see also individual languages

Lapland
178
,
179
,
182
,
185
,
187

Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

British gene clearance
3–4
,
15

build-up to
125

climate changes
115–17