The Paleo Diet for Athletes (42 page)

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Layman, D. K. Role of leucine in protein metabolism during exercise and recovery.
Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
27 (2002): 646-62.

Layman, D. K., R. A. Boileau, D. J. Erickson, J. E. Painter, H. Shiue, C. Sather, and D. D. Christou. A reduced ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein improves body composition and blood lipid profiles during weight loss in adult women.
Journal of Nutrition
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Lejeune, M. P., E. M. Kovacs, and M. S. Westerterp-Plantenga. Additional protein intake limits weight regain after weight loss in humans.
British Journal of Nutrition
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Lemon, P. W., J. M. Berardi, and E. E. Noreen. The role of protein and amino acid supplements in the athlete’s diet: Does type or timing of ingestion matter?
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Levenhagen, D. K., J. D. Gresham, M. G. Carlson, D. J. Maron, M. J. Borel, and P. J. Flakoll. Postexercise nutrient intake timing in humans is critical to recovery of leg glucose and protein homeostasis.
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Ludwig, D. S. The glycemic index: Physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
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Luscombe-Marsh, N. D., M. Noakes, G. A. Wittert, J. B. Keogh, P. Foster, and P. M. Clifton. Carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective at promoting fat loss and improving blood lipids.
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Noakes, M., J. B. Keogh, P. R. Foster, and P. M. Clifton. Effect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese women.
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Nuttall, F. Q., and M. C. Gannon. The metabolic response to a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Rasmussen, B. B., K. D. Tipton, S. L. Miller, S. E. Wolf, and R. R. Wolfe. An oral essential amino acid-carbohydrate supplement enhances muscle protein anabolism after resistance exercise.
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Remer, T. Influence of nutrition on acid-base balance: Metabolic aspects.
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Rowlands, D. S., K. Rössler, R. M. Thorp, D. F. Graham, B. W. Timmons, S. R. Stannard, and M. A. Tarnopolsky. Effect of dietary protein content during recovery from high-intensity cycling on subsequent performance and markers of stress, inflammation, and muscle damage in well-trained men.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
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Samaha, F. F., N. Iqbal, P. Seshadri, K. L. Chicano, D. A. Daily, J. McGrory, T. Williams, M. Williams, E. J. Gracely, and L. Stern. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity.
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Saunders, M. J. Coingestion of carbohydrate-protein during endurance exercise: Influence on performance and recovery.
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Sebastian, A., S. T. Harris, J. H. Ottaway, K. M. Todd, and R. C. Morris Jr. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate.
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Steward, H. L., M. C. Bethea, S. S. Andrews, and L. A. Balart.
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Taubes, G. What if it’s all been a big fat lie?
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Thomson, J. S., A. Ali, and D. S. Rowlands. Leucine-protein supplemented recovery feeding enhances subsequent cycling performance in well-trained men.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
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Tipton, K. D., B. B. Rasmussen, S. L. Miller, S. E. Wolf, S. K. Owens-Stovall, B. E. Petrini, and R. R. Wolfe. Timing of amino acid-carbohydrate ingestion alters anabolic response of muscle to resistance exercise.
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Trinchieri, A., G. Zanetti, A. Curro, and R. Lizzano. Effect of potential renal acid load of foods on calcium metabolism of renal calcium stone formers.
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Valentine, R. J., M. J. Saunders, M. K. Todd, and T. G. St. Laurent. Influence of carbohydrate-protein beverage on cycling endurance and indices of muscle disruption.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
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Weigle, D. S., P. A. Breen, C. C. Matthys, H. S. Callahan, K. E. Meeuws, V. R. Burden, and J. Q. Purnell. A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
82, no. 1 (July 2005): 41-48.

Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., M. P. Lejeune, I. Nijs, M. van Ooijen, and E. M. Kovacs. High protein intake sustains weight maintenance after body weight loss in humans.
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28, no. 1 (January 2004): 57-64.

CHAPTER 2

Achten, J., and A. E. Jeukendrup. The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation.
Journal of Sports Science
21, no. 12 (2003): 1017-24.

Alghannam, A. F. Carbohydrate-protein ingestion improves subsequent running capacity towards the end of a football-specific intermittent exercise.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
36, no. 5 (2011): 748-57.

Anderson, M. E., C. R. Bruce, S. F. Fraser, N. K. Stepto, R. Klein, W. G. Hopkins, and J. A. Hawley. Improved 2000-meter rowing performance in competitive oarswomen after caffeine ingestion.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
10, no. 4 (2000): 464-75.

Armstrong, L. E., A. C. Pumerantz, M. W. Roti, D. A. Judelson, G. Watson, J. C. Dias, B. Sokmen, D. J. Casa, C. M. Maresh, H. Lieberman, and M. Kellogg. Fluid, electrolyte, and renal indices of hydration during 11 days of controlled caffeine consumption.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
15, no. 3 (2005): 252-65.

Berneis, K., R. Ninnis, D. Haussinger, and U. Keller. Effects of hyper- and hypo-osmolality on whole body protein and glucose kinetics in humans.
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Berning, J. R., M. M. Leeuders, K. Ratliff, et al. The effects of a high-carbohydrate preexercise meal in the consumption of confectionaries of different glycemic indices.
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Cox, G. R., B. Desbrow, P. G. Montgomery, M. E. Anderson, C. R. Bruce, T. A. Macrides, D. T. Martin, A. Moquin, A. Roberts, J. A. Hawley, and L. M. Burke. Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance.
Journal of Applied Physiology
93, no. 3 (2002): 990-99.

Graham, T. E. Caffeine and exercise: Metabolism, endurance, and performance.
Sports Medicine
31, no. 11 (2001): 785-807.

Hargreaves, M., J. A. Hawley, and A. E. Jeukendrup. Pre-exercise carbohydrate and fat ingestion: Effects on metabolism and performance.
Journal of Sports Science
22, no. 1 (2004): 31-38.

Jenkinson, D. M., and A. J. Harbert. Supplements and sports.
American Family Physician
78, no. 9 (2008): 1039-46.

Jentjens, R. L., C. Cale, C. Gutch, and A. E. Jeukendrup. Effects of pre-exercise ingestion of differing amounts of carbohydrate on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
88 (January 2003): 444-52.

Kirwan, J. P., D. O’Gorman, D. Campbell, et al. A low glycemic meal 45 minutes before exercise improves performance.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
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Kovacs, E. M. R., J. H. C. H. Stegen, and F. Brouns. Effect of caffeinated drinks on substrate metabolism, caffeine excretion, and performance.
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Lemon, P. W., and E. E. Noreen. Unpublished paper, 2003.

McArdle, W. D., F. I. Katch, and V. L. Katch.
Exercise Physiology.
Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

Moore, L. J., A. W. Midgley, S. Thurlow, G. Thomas, L. R. McNaughton. Effect of the glycaemic index of a pre-exercise meal on metabolism and cycling time trial performance.
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
13, no. 1 (2010): 182-88.

Moseley, L., G. I. Lancaster, and A. E. Jeukendrup. Effects of timing of pre-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
88 (January 2003): 453-58.

Paluska, S. A. Caffeine and exercise.
Current Sports Medicine Report
2, no. 4 (2003): 213-19.

Thomas, D. E., J. R. Brotherhood, and J. C. Brand. Carbohydrate feeding before exercise: Effect of glycemic index.
International Journal of Sports Medicine
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Van Proeyen, K., K. Szlufoik, H. Nielens, M. Ramaekers, and P. Hespel. Beneficial metabolic adaptations due to endurance exercise training in the fasted state.
Journal of Applied Physiology
110, no. 1 (2010): 236-45.

Van Thuyne, W., and F. T. Delbeke. Distribution of caffeine levels in urine in different sports in relation to doping control before and after the removal of caffeine from the WADA doping list.
International Journal of Sports Medicine
27, no. 9 (September 2006): 745-50.

White, J. P., J. M. Wilson, K. G. Austin, B. K. Greer, N. St. John, and L. B. Panton. Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Wolfe, R. R. Effects of amino acid intake on anabolic processes.
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Wu, C. L., and C. Williams. A low glycemic index meal before exercise improves endurance running capacity in men.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
16, no. 5 (2006): 510-27.

CHAPTER 3

Almond, C. S., E. B. Fortescue, A. Y. Shin, R. Mannix, and D. S. Greenes. Risk factors for hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon.
Academy of Emergency Medicine
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Below, O., and E. F. Coyle. Fluid and carbohydrate ingestion individually benefit exercise lasting one hour.
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27 (1995): 200-210.

Blomstrand, E., F. Celsing, and E. A. Newsholme. Changes in plasma concentrations of aromatic and branched-chain amino acids during sustained exercise in man and their possible role in fatigue.
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
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Blomstrand, E., P. Hassmen, S. Ek, B. Ekblom, and E. A. Newsholme. Influence of ingesting a solution of branched-chain amino acids on perceived exertion during exercise.
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Blomstrand, E., P. Hassmen, B. Ekblom, and E. A. Newsholme. Administration of branched-chain amino acids during sustained exercise: Effects on performance and on plasma concentration of some amino acids.
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Blomstrand, E., and E. A. Newsholme. Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on the exercise-induced change in aromatic amino acid concentration in human muscle.
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
146, no. 3 (1992): 293-98.

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