The rule of empires : those who built them, those who endured them, and why they always fall (92 page)

Bolívar, Simón, 164–65

386

Bombay, 181, 196

amalgame
, 233, 237, 249, 252

Bonaparte, Joseph, 164, 261, 271

Amerindians, 180, 429–30

Boot, Max, 433

Amery, Leopold, 312, 319

Boudicca, revolt by, 47–48

Anglican Church, 176, 208

Bousquet, René, 406, 417–18

Armata della Santa Fede, 267–68

Bremer, L. Paul, 437–38, 440, 443

Atawallpa, 111–15, 138, 149

Britannia.
See
Great Britain

Atlantic Charter, 332

British East India Company, 170–71,

Augustus Caesar, 32–33

180–84

Awadh, 192, 203, 205, 219

administration of India, 194–96,

ayllus
, 133, 137, 141, 146–47, 155

204–7

Aztec Empire, 121, 122–24

army, 206–7, 215, 219–20

473

474 INDEX

British East India Company

Cisalpine Republic.
See
sister

(
continued
)

republics

conquest of Bengal, 172–74, 190–92

Cispadane Republic.
See
sister

demise, 222–23

republics

diwani
, 194–95, 198–99, 210

citizen, defi nition of, 11, 286, 304

trade, 181–83, 206

civitas, 26

(
see also
Permanent Settlement)

civitates, 26–27, 45, 52

British Empire, 1, 3, 447

Claudius, 21–22, 33, 36, 44–45, 69

administration of, 303

Clive, Robert, 172–74, 190–93, 203

dominions, 297, 315, 354

Coalition Provisional Authority,

Broers, Michael, 235, 285

436–38, 440–41.
See also
Iraq:

Bulgaria, 368–69

American rule of

Burke, Edmund, 202–4, 307, 449

code de l’indigénat
, 14

Bush, George W., 3, 423–24, 427,

Code Napoleon, 248–49, 253, 270.
See

433–35, 441, 445

also
France: Napoleonic Empire

Bush Doctrine, 16, 423, 433

Cold War, 334, 345, 431–32

collaboration, 13, 358, 392–93, 404,

caciques
.
See kurakas

416

Calcutta, 171, 182, 190

Colonial Development and Welfare

caliphate, defi nition of, 67–68

Act, 331, 334–35

Camulodunum, 41, 45, 47, 49, 53

colonialism, defi nition of, 9–10

Canari, 135, 161

Columbus, Christopher, 122

capitulación
, 112, 121

Comité National Français, 395–96,

Caracalla, 25, 37, 62

403, 407

Caratacus, 22, 44, 45–46

Commius, 44

Cassius Dio, 22, 48

Condorcanqui, José Gabriel.
See
Tupac

Cassivellaunus, 43

Amaru II

castas
, 130, 157, 159, 197

conscription

caste, 197–98, 215

Kenya, 315

Castile, kingdom of, 91, 103, 106, 116,

Napoleonic Empire, 250–51, 259,

119–20, 128

274–76

Catholic Church

revolutionary France, 242, 250

in Al-Andalus, 85, 98, 101

Roman Empire, 29, 34, 50

in the Napoleonic era, 246–47, 260,

continental system, 257–58

270, 277

Convent of Santa Clara, 148, 214

in Peru, 150–51, 156

conversion

in the Spanish Empire, 128–30

Christianity, 208

Celts, 26–27

Islam, 69, 77, 96–100

Césaire, Aimé, 359, 421

convivencia
, 97, 105–106, 108

Chalabi, Ahmed, 435

Córdoba, 85, 90, 99

Charles V, 112, 116, 120, 129, 262

Córdoban martyrs, 100–102

chartered company, 175, 178

Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 205, 207

Cheney, Richard, 433, 435, 439

Cortés, Hernán, 121, 122–24, 125

Churchill, Winston, 332, 341

Cours de Justice de la Liberation,

Cicero, 26, 28

413–14

Cranworth, Lord 1, 310, 311, 327

Ferdinand VII, 164, 261

Creech Jones, Arthur, 334, 336

Ferguson, Niall, 3, 16, 424–25, 446

Cuzco, 133–34, 139, 143

First War of Indian Independence.
See

Czechoslovakia, 367, 368, 378

Indian Mutiny

France

Darlan, François, 389, 392–93, 403

Communist Party, 380, 383,

Darnand, Joseph, 391, 406–7, 415

400–401, 405, 411

de Almagro, Diego, 112, 115, 140,

Directory, 243–45, 264–65

143–44

liberation from Nazi rule, 408–9,

de Beauharnais, Eugène, 232, 271, 285

413–15

de Beauvoir, Simone, 353

Napoleonic Empire, 248, 250,

de Gaulle, Charles, 356–57, 391,

252–57, 282–84

395–96, 401, 403, 408, 411,

Nazi conquest of, 351–55, 383

417, 432

Nazi imperial rule, 383–87

Deat, Marcel, 382, 383, 394

Popular Front, 381–82

Delamere, Lord, 310–11

revolutionary era, 240–43, 245–246

Deloncle, Eugène, 382

Third Republic, 379–83, 414, 417

Denmark, 368, 370

Vichy regime, 355–56, 358, 387–94,

départements réunis
, 243, 253, 269,

403–8, 414

283

Free France.
See
Comité National

dhimmi
, 69, 78, 98–99, 105, 172.
See

Français

also
Jews

Freemasonry, 256, 264

Diocletian, 56

French Empire, 355, 388, 396, 432,

Dirks, Nicholas, 17, 203, 426

447

Disraeli, Benjamin, 224, 299

diwani
.
See
East India Company

Gandhi, Mohandas, 226, 333

Doriot, Jacques, 356, 382, 394, 409

gendarmerie
, 250, 253, 284

Duchy of Warsaw, 253–54, 255, 258.

Germany

See also
Poland

Nazi-enforced labor policies,

Dutch East India Company, 171, 178,

376–77, 402, 404–5

180–81, 190

Nazi imperial systems, 369–71,

Dutch Republic.
See
Netherlands

373–75

Third Reich, 363–66

East Africa Protectorate, 290, 305–308,

unifi cation, 360

315.
See also
Kenya Colony and

Weimar Republic, 363–64

Protectorate

Wilhelmian empire, 360–61, 362,

Eliot, Charles, 306–7, 310

367

empire, defi nition of, 4, 9, 235, 447

Giacobini, 264–69, 278

encomiendas
, 125–26, 141–42, 152

Gibbon, Edward 23, 72

Enlightenment, 177, 238, 256

Gladstone, William, 299, 302, 425

état français
.
See
France: Vichy

globalization, 12, 447, 449

regime

Götz, Aly, 365, 377

Granada, emirate of, 106–107, 119

Feith, Douglas, 433, 435

Grande Armée.
See
France:

Ferdinand of Aragón, 116, 120, 262

Napoleonic Empire

476 INDEX

Great Britain

informal empire, 10–11, 294, 298, 343,

Iron Age, 40–41

360

United Kingdom, 176–77

Inkan Empire, 132–34

Grogan, E. S., 300, 311

civil war, 112–114, 138–39

Iraq

Habsburg Empire

American invasion of, 423–24, 426,

Austrian, 262, 286, 360

433–35

Spanish, 120–22, 128, 131, 232, 262

American rule of, 435–46

Hague Conventions, 375, 386

civilian casualties, 423, 426, 444–45,

Halliburton Corporation, 439

449

Hashim, Ahmed, 440

First Gulf War, 433

Hastings, Warren, 196–97, 201–3

insurgency, 434–35, 441–43

hegemony, defi nition of, 10–11

oil reserves, 425, 433, 438, 440, 443

Herero, 362, 420

Isabella, 116, 119–20, 122

Himmler, Heinrich, 374, 402

Islam, 70–72

Hinduism, 215–16

Islamic law, 72, 76

Hispaniola, 122, 124

Italy

Hitler, Adolf, 364–65

Armée de Italie, 270, 275

views on empire, 357–58, 361–62,

fascist era, 368

367

French revolutionary rule, 264–68

Holocaust, 377–78, 402–3, 418,

Habsburg rule, 262–64

420–21.
See also
Jews: Nazi

Italian Republic, 231, 269–70

persecution of

Kingdom of Italy, 254, 273

Holy Roman Empire, 116, 253, 284

Napoleonic rule, 269–74

Honorius, 59, 82

(
see also
sister republics)

Huamán Poma de Ayala, Felipe, 118,

127, 129, 142, 157, 216, 413

jagir
, 185–86, 191

Hungary, 368–69

Jews

Hussein, Saddam, 3, 426, 427, 433–34,

in Al-Andalus, 99

438, 449

in the Napoleonic era, 256–57

Nazi persecution of, 366, 378, 382

Iceni, 47

in the Roman era, 37–38

Ignatieff, Michael, 426

Vichy persecution of, 385–86,

Illyrian Provinces, 252, 257

391–92, 396, 406, 418

Imperial British East Africa Company,

in Visigothic Spain, 85

290–91, 299, 302, 309.
See also

(
see also
Holocaust)

Kenya Colony and Protectorate

Julius Agricola, 46, 49

imperialism, 9, 296

Julius Caesar, 32, 40, 43–44

Indian Mutiny, 219–22, 268, 363.
See

also
British East India Company

Kenya African Union, 339, 341

Indian National Congress, 225–26,

Kenya Colony and Protectorate, 315

316, 331, 333

colour bar, 326, 337–38

indigo, 181, 182, 211

forced labor, 314, 318–20, 332, 348

indirect rule, 303, 316, 323, 336,

independence, 343–47

355, 400

land seizures, 307–8, 315, 321, 347

native reserves, 308, 314, 320–21,

Maginot Line, 351, 383

322, 337, 348

Manqu Inka, 115, 138, 142

settlers, 307–8, 310, 317–18,

Manqu Qhapaq, 134

326–27, 331–32, 336–37,

maquis
, 405, 407, 411

344–45

Maratha confederacy, 189, 196, 205,

(
see also
East Africa Protectorate)

220

Kenya Land Freedom Army, 340–41,

Mau Mau, 339–42, 345–46

388.
See also
Mau Mau

mawali
, 70, 77–78

Kenyatta, Jomo, 309–10, 322, 329–30,

Mein Kampf
, 361, 367, 396

339, 342, 346

Meinertzhagen, Richard, 289–93, 305,

khipu
strings, 136, 150

307, 423

Kikuyu, 308–10, 315, 320–22, 329,

Melzi, Francesco, 270, 277

339, 344

Mers-el-Kebir attack, 356, 389, 392,

independent church and school

396

movement, 329–30, 339

mestizos, 129–30, 148–49

(
see also
Mau Mau)

Milice Française, 406–7, 409, 411

Kikuyu Central Association, 321, 333

Mill, James, 209

Kingdom of Holland.
See
Netherlands

millenarianism

King’s African Rifl es, 289, 307

Inkan, 109, 139

kipande
, 319–30, 337.
See also
Kenya

in Kenya, 309

Colony and Protectorate

Nazi-occupied France, 357, 388

Koitalel arap Samloei, 289–92, 305,

in Visigothic Spain, 65–66

423

Mir Jafar, 172–73, 190–92

Krios, 294, 300, 305

mit’a
labor system, 137, 152–53, 159,

kurakas
, 136, 137, 141, 152–55, 323

165

Mitchell, Philip, 336–38

Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 126, 127, 307

modernization theory, 431–32

Laval, Pierre, 356, 358, 389, 392, 404,

Mozarabs, 95, 105

408–9

Mu’awiya, 73–74

trial for collaboration, 415–17

Mudejars, 106

Lebensraum
.
See
settlers: in Nazi

Mughal Empire, 184–89, 224

Germany

Muhammad ibn Abdullah, 67–68,

Légion des Volontaires Français

70–71

Contre le Bochévisme, 394–95,

Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, 75, 184

402, 408, 409

Murat, Joachim, 271, 284–85

levée en masse
.
See
conscription

Murshid Quli Khan, 169, 189

Ligurian Republic.
See
sister republics

Musa ibn Nusayr, 66–67

Lima, 148

Muslim Spain.
See
Al-Andalus

Lugard, Frederick, 309, 311–12, 349

Mussolini, Benito, 368, 401–2

muwallad
, 90, 92–94, 97, 108

Maasai, 290, 291–92, 309

Mysore Sultanate, 205

Macaulay, Thomas Babington,

209–10, 214, 223, 316

nabobs, 190, 193, 201–4, 207

MacKinnon, William, 301–2

Nairobi, 317, 327–28, 338, 340

Madras, 181, 191

Nandi, 289–91, 305, 306, 315, 353

478 INDEX

Naples, kingdom of, 257, 264, 266–68,

Paullu Inka, 140, 143, 147

271–72, 281.
See also
Italy

Paxton, Robert, 389

Napoleon Bonaparte, 234, 243–44,

Peninsular War, 261

283

Permanent Settlement, 210–11,

conquest of Italy, 244, 265–66

218, 223

views of empire, 236–37, 239

Peru

(
see also
France: Napoleonic

conquistador state, 140–44

Empire)

creole domination of, 159, 164–65

Napoleon III, 296, 360

independence, 165

nationalism, 239–40, 447

viceroyalty of, 144, 158–59, 160

English, 176–77

Pétain, Henri-Philippe, 354–56, 358,

French, 233–34, 240, 359–60, 379,