The Starch Solution (51 page)

10
.
www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_46/b4203103862097.htm

11
. Pimentel D and Pimentel M. Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2003 Sep; 78 (3 Suppl): 660S–663S.

12
.
www.populationpress.org/essays/essay-pimentel.html

13
.
www.web4water.com/library/view_article.asp?id=3902&channel=4

14
.
www.usatoday.com/news/world/2010-09-09-1Achinaonechild09_ST_N.htm

15
.
www.unicef.org/media/files/Tracking_Progress_on_Child_and_Maternal_Nutrition_EN_110309.pdf

16
.
www.waldeneffect.org/blog/Calories_per_acre_for_various_foods

17
.
www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1879192,00.html

Chapter 7. When Friends Ask: Where Do You Get Your Protein?

1
. Millward DJ. The nutritional value of plant-based diets in relation to human amino acid and protein requirements.
Proc Nutr Soc.
1999 May; 58 (2): 249–60.

2
. Mazess RB. Bone mineral content of North Alaskan Eskimos.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1974 Sep; 27 (9): 916–25.

3
. Carpenter K. A short history of nutritional science: part 2 (1885–1912).
J Nutr.
2003 Apr; 133 (4): 975–84.

4
. Chittenden RH.
Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal protein requirement of the healthy man. An experimental study.
(New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1904).

5
. Calloway DH. Sweat and miscellaneous nitrogen losses in human balance studies.
J Nutr.
1971 Jun; 101 (6): 775–86.

6
. Hegsted DM. Minimum protein requirements of adults.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1968 May; 21 (5): 352–27.

7
. Dole V. Dietary treatment of hypertension: clinical and metabolic studies of patients on the rice-fruit diet.
J Clin Invest.
1950; 29: 1189–1206.

8
. Osborne T. Amino-acids in nutrition and growth.
J Bio Chem.
1914; 17: 325–49.

9
. Rose W. Comparative growth of diet containing ten and nineteen amino acids, with further observation upon the role of glutamic and aspartic acid.
J Bio Chem.
1948; 176: 753–62.

10
. Bicker M. The protein requirement of adult rats in terms of the protein contained in egg, milk, and soy flour.
J Nutr.
1947; 34: 491.

11
. Bell G.
Textbook of Physiology and Biochemestry,
4th ed. (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1959) 12.

12
. Reeds PJ. Protein nutrition of the neonate.
Proc Nutr Soc.
2000 Feb; 59 (1): 87-97.

13
. Rose W. The amino acid requirement of adult man.
Nutr Abst Rev.
1957; 27: 63–67.

14
. McDougall J.
The McDougall Plan.
(El Monte, Calif.: New Win Publishing, 1983), 95–109.

15
. Jean Mayer USDA/Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University School of Medicine:
www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com/content/nutrition/art2059.html

16
. Tufts University Medical School:
http://www.quackwatch.com/03HealthPromotion/vegetarian.html

17
.
www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/protein.html

18
. Northwestern University:
http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/nutrition/factsheets/protein.html

19
. St Jeor S, Howard B, Prewitt E. Dietary protein and weight reduction: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism of the American Heart Association.
Circulation.
2001; 104: 1869–74.

20
. McDougall J. Plant foods have a complete amino acid composition.
Circulation.
2002 Jun 25; 105 (25): e197; author reply e197.

21
. McDougall J. Misinformation on plant proteins.
Circulation.
2002 Nov 12; 106 (20): e148; author reply e148.

22
. Millward DJ. Protein requirements.
Encyclopedia of Nutrition.
(Salt Lake City: Academic Press, 1998), 1661–68.

23
. Personal Communication with John McDougall, MD on July 10, 2003.

24
.
www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/Vegetarian-Diets_UCM_306032_Article.jsp

25
. Kon S. XXXV. The value of whole potato in human nutrition.
Biochemical J.
1928; 22: 258–60.

26
. Lopez de Romana G, Graham GG, Mellits ED, MacLean WC Jr. Utilization of the protein and energy of the white potato by human infants.
J Nutr.
1980 Sep; 110 (9): 1849–57.

27
. Lopez de Romana G. Fasting and postprandial plasma free amino acids of infants and children consuming exclusively potato protein.
J Nutr.
1981 Oct; 111 (10): 1766–71.

Chapter 8. When Friends Ask: Where Do You Get Your Calcium?

1
.
www.dairycheckoff.com

2
.
www.nationaldairycouncil.org/NationalDairyCouncil/Health/Digest/dcd69-1Page1.htm

3
.
www.dairycheckoff.com/DairyCheckoff/AboutUs/HowTheDairyCheckoffWorks/How-The-Dairy-Checkoff-Works

4
.
www.unistraw.com/fastfacts

5
. Walker AR. Osteoporosis and calcium deficiency.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1965 Mar; 16: 327–36.

6
. Smith RW Jr and Rizek J. Epidemiologic studies of osteoporosis in women of Puerto Rico and southeastern Michigan with special reference to age, race, national origin, and to other related and associated findings.
Clin Orthop Relat Res.
1966 Mar–Apr; 45: 31–48.

7
. Wynn E, Krieg MA, Lanham-New SA, Burckhardt P. Postgraduate symposium: Positive influence of nutritional alkalinity on bone health.
Proc Nutr Soc.
2010 Feb; 69 (1): 166–73.

8
. Paterson CR. Calcium requirements in man: a critical review.
Postgrad Med J.
1978 Apr; 54 (630): 244–48.

9
. Walker AR. The human requirement of calcium: should low intakes be supplemented?
Am J Clin Nutr.
1972 May; 25 (5): 518–30.

10
. Irwin MI and Kienholz EW. A conspectus of research on calcium requirements of man.
J Nutr
1973; 103: 1020–95.

11
. Sellers EA, Sharma A, Rodd C. Adaptation of Inuit children to a low-calcium diet.
CMAJ.
2003 Apr 29; 168 (9): 1141-43.
CMAJ.
2003 Sep 16; 169 (6): 542; author reply 542–43.

12
.
www.drmcdougall.com/misc/2007nl/feb/whenfriendsask.htm

13
. Thacher TD and Abrams SA. Relationship of calcium absorption with 25(OH)D and calcium intake in children with rickets.
Nutr Rev.
2010 Nov; 68 (11): 682–88.

14
. Winzenberg T, Shaw K, Fryer J, Jones G. Effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
BMJ.
2006 Oct 14; 333 (7572): 775.

15
. Lanou AJ, Berkow SE, Barnard ND. Calcium, dairy products, and bone health in children and young adults: a reevaluation of the evidence.
Pediatrics.
2005 Mar; 115 (3): 736–43.

16
. Weinsier RL and Krumdieck CL. Dairy foods and bone health: examination of the evidence.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2000 Sep; 72 (3): 681–89.

17
. Recker RR and Heaney RP. The effect of milk supplements on calcium metabolism, bone metabolism and calcium balance.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1985 Feb; 41 (2): 254–63.

18
. Lanou AJ. Bone health in children.
BMJ.
2006 Oct 14; 333 (7572): 763–64.

19
. Abelow BJ, Holford TR, Insogna KL. Cross-cultural association between dietary animal protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis.
Calcif Tissue Int.
1992 Jan; 50 (1): 14–18.

20
. Frassetto LA. Worldwide incidence of hip fracture in elderly women: relation to consumption of animal and vegetable foods.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.
2000 Oct; 55 (10): M585–92.

21
. Remer T. Potential renal acid load of foods and its influence on urine pH.
J Am Diet Assoc.
1995 Jul; 95 (7): 791–97.

22
. Barzel US. Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone.
J Nutr.
1998 Jun; 128 (6): 1051–53.

23
. Maurer M. Neutralization of Western diet inhibits bone resorption independently of K intake and reduces cortisol secretion in humans.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.
2003 Jan; 284 (1): F32–40.

24
. Welch AA, Bingham SA, Reeve J, Khaw KT. More acidic dietary acid-base load is associated with reduced calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation in women but not in men: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study.
Am J Clin Nutr.
2007 Apr; 85 (4): 1134–41.

25
. Frassetto L. Diet, evolution and aging—the pathophysiologic effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet.
Eur J Nutr.
2001 Oct; 40 (5): 200–13.

26
. Wynn E, Krieg MA, Lanham-New SA, Burckhardt P. Postgraduate symposium: Positive influence of nutritional alkalinity on bone health.
Proc Nutr Soc.
2010 Feb; 69 (1): 166–73.

27
. Ahn J, Albanes D, Peters U, et al. Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Trial Project Team. Dairy products, calcium intake, and risk of prostate cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2007 Dec; 16 (12): 2623–30.

28
. Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and breast cancer risk: pooled individual data analysis of 17 prospective studies.
Lancet Oncol.
2010; 11: 530–42.

29
. Yu H and Rohan T. Role of the insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression.
J Natl Cancer Inst.
2000 Sep 20; 92 (18): 1472–89.

30
. Cadogan J, Eastell R, Jones N, Barker ME. Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: randomised, controlled intervention trial.
BMJ.
1997 Nov 15; 315 (7118): 1255–60.

31
. Heaney RP, McCarron DA, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Dietary changes favorably affect bone remodeling in older adults.
J Am Diet Assoc.
1999 Oct; 99 (10): 1228–33.

32
. Bartley J and McGlashan SR. Does milk increase mucus production?
Med Hypotheses.
2010 Apr; 74 (4): 732–34.

33
. Guggenmos J, Schubart AS, Ogg S, et al. Antibody cross-reactivity between myelin oli-godendrocyte glycoprotein and the milk protein butyrophilin in multiple sclerosis.
J Immunol.
2004 Jan 1; 172 (1): 661–68.

34
. Panush RS, Stroud RM, Webster EM. Food-induced (allergic) arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis exacerbated by milk.
Arthritis Rheum.
1986 Feb; 29 (2): 220–26.

35
. Benkhedda K, L’abbé MR, Cockell KA. Effect of calcium on iron absorption in women with marginal iron status.
Br J Nutr.
2010 Mar; 103 (5): 742–48.

36
. Prince RL, Devine A, Dhaliwal SS, Dick IM. Effects of calcium supplementation on clinical fracture and bone structure: results of a 5-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in elderly women.
Arch Intern Med.
2006 Apr 24; 166 (8): 869–75.

37
. Tang BM, Eslick GD, Nowson C, et al. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis.
Lancet.
2007 Aug 25; 370 (9588): 657–66.

38
. Reid IR, Bolland MJ, Grey A. Effect of calcium supplementation on hip fractures.
Osteoporos Int.
2008 Aug; 19 (8): 1119–23.

39
. Warensjö E, Byberg L, Melhus H, et al. Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study.
BMJ.
2011 May 24; 342: d1473. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d1473.

40
. Sebastian A, Harris ST, Ottaway JH, et al. Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate.
N Engl J Med.
1994 Jun 23; 330 (25): 1776–81.

41
. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis.
BMJ.
2010 Jul 29; 341: c3691. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3691).

42
. Wong S. Recalls of foods and cosmetics due to microbial contamination reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
J Food Prot.
2000 Aug; 63 (8): 1113–16.

43
. Chapman PA. Sources of Escherichia coli O157 and experiences over the past 15 years in Sheffield, UK.
Symp Ser Soc Appl Microbiol.
2000; (29): 51S–60S.

44
. Lund BM. Pasteurization of milk and the heat resistance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical review of the data
. Int J Food Microbiol.
2002 Jul 25; 77 (1–2): 135–45.

45
. USDA/APHIS. Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) on U.S. Dairy Operations, 2007.
www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/dairy/downloads/dairy07/Dairy07_is_BLV.pdf

46
. Michigan Dairy Review: Bovine Leukosis Virus Update I: Prevalence, Economic Losses, and Management.
www.msu.edu/~mdr/vol14no1/erskine.html

47
. Buehring GC, Philpott SM, Choi KY. Humans have antibodies reactive with Bovine leukemia virus.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.
2003 Dec; 19 (12): 1105–13.

48
. McClure HM, Keeling ME, Custer RP, et al. Erythroleukemia in two infant chimpanzees fed milk from cows naturally infected with the bovine C-type virus.
Cancer Res.
1974 Oct; 34 (10): 2745–57.