Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom (189 page)

39
. J. J. van Everdingen, M. F. Peeters, and P. ten Have, “Neonatal Herpes Policy in the Netherlands: Five Years After a Consensus Conference,”
Journal of Clinical
Investigation,
vol. 21, no. 5 (1993), pp. 371–75.

40
. M. A. Adefumbo and B. H. Lau, “Allium Sativum (Garlic): A Natural Antibiotic,”
Medical Hypothesis,
vol. 12, no. 3 (1983), pp. 327–37.

41
. There are a number of brands of garlic on the market: Kyolic (by the Wakunga Company) and Garlicin (by Murdock) are two that Women to Women often recommends.

42
. S. F. Reising et al. “In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Activity of Stannous Compounds Against Herpes Simplex Virus,”
Antiviral Research,
vol. 37, no. 3 (March 1998), p. 79.

43
. R. H. Wolbling and K. Leonhardt, “Local Therapy of Herpes Simplex with Dried Extract from
Melissa Officinalis,
”
Phytomedicine,
vol. 1 (1994), pp. 25–31; R. A. Cohen et al., “Antiviral Activity of
Melissa Officinalis
(Lemon Balm Extract),”
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine,
vol. 117 (1964), pp. 431–34; F. C. Herrmann Jr. and L. S. Kucera, “Antiviral Substances in Plants of the Mint Family
(Labiatae).
II. Nontannin Polyphenol of
Melissa Offic-inalis,
”
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine,
vol. 124, no. 3 (1967), pp. 869–74; Z. Dimitrova et al., “Antiherpes Effect of
Melissa
Officinalis
L. Extracts,”
Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica
(Sofia), vol. 29 (1993), pp. 65–75.

44
. Not all products labeled “tea tree oil” are equally effective. I’ve used melaleuca oil or Melagel from the Melaleuca Company; see
www. melaleuca.com
.

45
. “Pap Smear Screening for Cervical Cancer,”
Maine Cancer Perspectives,
vol. 2, no. 2 (April 1996).

46
. Damaris Christensen, “New Cervical Test ‘More Effective’ than Pap Smear,”
Medical Tribune,
(Dec. 12, 1996).

47
. Ali H. Mokdad et al., “Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000,”
Journal
of the American Medical Association,
vol. 291, no. 10 (March 10, 2004), pp. 1238, 1241.

48
. J. D. Oriel, “Sex and Cervical Cancer,”
Genitourinary Medicine,
vol. 64 (1988), pp. 81–89; C. LaVecchia, A. Decarli, A. Fosoli, et al., “Oral Contraceptives and Control Study,”
British Journal of Cancer,
vol. 54 (1986), p. 311; J. J. Schlessel-man, “Cancer of the Breast and Reproductive Tract in Relation to Use of CC’s,”
Contraception,
vol. 40 (1989), p. 1.

49
. N. Potischman and L. Brinton, “Nutrition and Cervical Neoplasia,”
Cancer
Causes and Control,
vol. 7 (1996), pp. 113–26.

50
. Pap smears are taken even after the cervix has been removed in a hysterectomy. This is especially important for women who have had a prior history of an abnormal Pap smear.

51
. Therapeutic touch, a system of healing with the hands, has been very well studied, and its beneficial effects have been well documented by Delores Kreiger, Ph.D., a nurse at Columbia University. Marcelle Pick, a cofounder of Women to Women, has studied with Dr. Kreiger.

52
. I feel that chlamydia
may
also be a normal inhabitant of the vagina in some women and that it may cause problems only when there’s an imbalance. Chla-mydia is like the buzzard flying around the dying calf, as far as I’m concerned, though many of my colleagues would disagree.

53
. C. Wira and C. Kaushic, “Mucosal Immunity in the Female Reproductive Tract: Effect of Sex Hormones on Immune Recognition and Responses,” in H. Kiyono, P. L. Ogra, and J. R. McGhee, eds.,
Mucosal Vaccines
(New York: Academic Press, 1996), pp. 375–88.

54
. Gardiner-Caldwell SynerMed, “The Role of Reduced Regimens in the Management of Vulvovaginitis,”
Medical Monitor,
vol. 1, no. 1 (Apr. 1991).

55
. Mary Ryan Miles, Linda Olsen, and Alvin Rogers, “Recurrent Vaginal Candidia-sis: Importance of an Intestinal Reservoir,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
vol. 238, no. 17 (Oct. 24, 1977), pp. 1836–37.

56
. Genova Diagnostics in Asheville, NC. See Resources.

57
. Miles, Olsen, and Rogers, “Recurrent Vaginal Candidiasis.”

58
. D. Steward et al., “Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic, Clinically Unconfirmed Vul-vovaginitis,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 76, no. 5, part 1 (Nov. 1990), pp. 852–56.

59
. S. Mathur et al., “Anti-Ovarian and Anti-Lymphocyte Antibodies in Patients with Chronic Vaginal Candidiasis,”
Journal of Reproductive Immunology,
vol. 2 (1980), pp. 247–62.

60
. G. Collins, “Safe Sex: Important at Any Age,”
The Female Patient,
vol. 20 (2000), pp. 4–8.

61
. C. Fordham von Reyn, M.D., “HIV and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,” lecture, Sept. 21, 1996, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH.

62
. There are also known cases of persons infected with HIV for over ten years who have no evidence of either declining levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes or AIDS. A. R. Lifson et al., “Long-Term Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Asympto-matic Homosexual and Bisexual Men with Normal CD4+ Lymphocyte Counts: Immunologic and Virologic Characteristics,”
Journal of Infectious Disease,
vol. 163 (1991), pp. 959–65.

63
. Frank Pittman, “Frankly Speaking,”
Psychology Today,
Sept.–Oct. 1996, p. 60.

64
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “HIV Prevalence Estimates—United States, 2006,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,
vol. 57, no. 39 (2008), pp. 1073–6.

65
. H. I. Hall, S. Ruiguang, P. Rhodes, et al., “Estimation of HIV Incidence in the United States,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
vol. 300 (2008), pp. 520–29.

66
. F. J. Palella Jr. et al., “Declining Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 338, no. 13 (March 26, 1998), pp. 853–60.

67
. Caroline Myss,
AIDS, Passageway to Transformation
(Walpole, MA: Stillpoint Publications, 1985).

68
. S. M. Hammer, “Clinical Practice, Management of Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 353, no. 16 (Oct. 20, 2005), pp. 1702–10.

69
. C. B. Furlonge et al., “Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome: A Clinicopathological Study,”
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
vol. 98 (1991), pp. 703–6.

70
. Eduard Friedrick, “Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome,”
Journal of Reproductive Medicine,
vol. 32, no. 2 (Feb. 1987), pp. 110–14.

71
. T. Warner et al., “Neuroendocrine Cell-Axonal Complexes in the Minor Vestibu-lar Gland,”
Journal of Reproductive Medicine,
vol. 41 (1996), pp. 397–402.

72
. C. C. Solomons, M. H. Melmed, and S. M. Heitler, “Calcium Citrate for Vestibu-litis,”
Journal of Reproductive Medicine,
vol. 36, no. 12 (1991), pp. 879–82.

73
. Dr. McNamara’s study uses the USANA brands Essential and Proflavanol.

74
. Donna E. Stewart et al., “Psychological Aspects of Chronic Clinically Unconfirmed Vulvovaginitis,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 76 (1990), pp. 852–56; Donna E. Stewart et al., “Vulvodynia and Psychological Distress,”
Obstetrics and
Gynecology,
vol. 84, no. 4 (Oct. 1994), pp. 587–90.

75
. E. A. Walker et al., “Medical and Psychiatric Symptoms in Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse,”
Psychosomatic Medicine,
vol. 54 (1992), pp. 658–64.

76
. Howard Glazer, “Treatment of Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome with Electromyographic Biofeedback of Pelvic Floor Musculature,”
Journal of Reproductive Medicine,
vol. 4, no. 4 (1995), pp. 283–90.

77
. Benson Horowitz, M.D., Grand Rounds presentation, Maine Medical Center, July 24, 1996.

78
. Ibid.

79
. M. M. Karram, “Frequency, Urgency, and Painful Bladder Syndromes,” in M. D. Walters and M. M. Karram, eds.,
Clinical Urogynecology
(St. Louis: Mosby, 1993), pp. 285–98.

80
. E. M. Messing and T. A. Stamey, “Interstitial Cystitis: Early Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment,”
Urology,
vol. 12 (1978), p. 381.

81
. National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse website (
http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/ kudiseases/pubs/interstitialcystitis
).

82
. E. Sobota, “Inhibition of Bacterial Adherence by Cranberry Juice: Potential Use for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections,”
Journal of Urology,
vol. 131 (1984), pp. 1013–16; P. N. Papas et al., “Cranberry Juice in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections,”
Southwestern Medicine,
vol. 47A (1966), pp. 17–30; D. R. Schmidt and A. E. Sobota, “An Examination of the Antiadherence Activity of Cranberry Juice on Urinary and Non-Urinary Bacterial Isolates,”
Microbios,
vol. 55, nos. 224–225 (1988), pp. 173–81.

83
. J. Avorn et al., “Reduction of Bacteria and Pyuria After Ingestion of Cranberry Juice,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
vol. 271 (1994), pp. 751–54.

84
. V. Frohne, “Untersuchungen zur Frage der Garbdesfuzierenden Wirkungen von Barentraubenblatt-Extracten,”
Planta Medica,
vol. 18 (1970), pp. 1–25.

85
. R. Raz, W. Stamm, et al., “A Controlled Trial of Intravaginal Estriol in Post-Menopausal Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections,”
New England
Journal of Medicine,
vol. 329 (1993), pp. 753–56.

86
. D. C. H. Tchou et al., “Pelvic Floor Musculature Exercises in Treatment of Anatomical Urinary Stress Incontinence,”
Physical Therapy,
vol. 68 (1988), pp. 652–55; K. Bo et al., “Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises for the Treatment of Female Stress Incontinence: Effects of Two Different Degrees of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises,”
Neurological Urodynamics,
vol. 11 (1990), pp. 107–113; and P. A. Burns et al., “A Comparison of Effectiveness of Biofeedback and Pelvic Muscle Exercise Treatment in the Treatment of Stress Incontinence in Older Community-Dwelling Women,”
Journal of Gerontology,
vol. 48, no. 4 (1993), pp. 167–74.

87
. N. Bhatia et al., “Urodynamic Effects of a Vaginal Pessary in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 147 (1983), p. 876; and A. Diokno, “The Benefits of Conservative Management for SUI,”
Contemporary ObGyn,
March 1997, pp. 128–42.

Chapter 10

1
. C. Chen, “Adverse Life Events and Breast Cancer: A Case-Controlled Study,”
British Medical Journal,
vol. 311 (Dec. 9, 1995), pp. 1527–30.

2
. S. Geyer, “Life Events Prior to Manifestation of Breast Cancer: A Limited Prospective Study Covering Eight Years Before Diagnosis,”
Journal of Psychosomatic Research,
vol. 35 (1991), pp. 355–63.

3
. A. Ramirez et al., “Stress and Relapse of Breast Cancer,”
British Medical Journal,
vol. 298 (1989), pp. 291–93.

4
. In the nineteenth century, the unusual case history studies of Herbert Snow likened breast and uterine cancer with a history of a “troubled mind and chronic anxiety.” Particularly evident in the women he studied was the loss of a significant relation ship as the precipitating factor in the manifestation of a tumor. See Herbert Snow,
The Proclivity of Women to Cancerous Disease
(London, 1883).

In this century, M. Tarlau and M. A. Smalheiser found that the typical pattern for women with breast cancer was that their father had been absent psychologically; for women with cervical cancer, the father had been absent due to death or desertion. See M. Tarlau and M. A. Smalheiser, “Personality Patterns in Patients with Malignant Tumors of the Breast and Cervix,”
Psychosomatic Medicine,
vol. 13 (1951), p. 117. They also found that women with breast cancer uniformly had negative feelings about their sexuality, had adapted by denying their sexuality, and often had negative feelings about heterosexual relationships as such. Women with cervical cancer, by contrast, had less negative feelings about their sexuality. The breast cancer patients were much more likely to have remained in an unsatis-factory marriage, while many of the cervical cancer patients were divorced or had been married several times.