Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom (193 page)

34
. S. Sumiala et al., “Salivary Progesterone Concentration After Tubal Sterilization,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 88 (1996), pp. 792–96.

35
. A. Domar et al., “The Prevalence and Predictability of Depression in Infertile Women,”
Fertility and Sterility,
vol. 58 (1992), pp. 1158–63; A. Domar et al., “The Psychological Impact of Infertility: A Comparison with Patients with Other Medical Conditions,”
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 14 (1993), pp. 45–52.

36
. I. Gerhard et al., “Prolonged Exposure to Wood Preservatives Induces Endocrine and Immunologic Disorders in Women,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 165, no. 2 (Aug. 1991), pp. 487–88; P. Thompkins, “Hazards of Electromagnetic Fields to Human Reproduction,”
Fertility and Sterility,
vol. 53, no. 1 (Jan. 1990), pp. 185;
The World Factbook 2009,
Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C., available online at
https://www.cia .gov/ library/ publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html
.

37
. A. Stagnaw-Green et al., “Detection of At Risk Pregnancy by Means of Highly Sensitive Assays for Thyroid Autoantibodies,”
Journal of the American Medical
Association,
vol. 269, no. 11 (Sept. 19, 1990), pp. 1422–25; and O. B. Chris-tiansen et al., “Autoimmunity and Spontaneous Abortion,”
Human Reproduction
[Denmark], vol. 4, no. 8 (1989), pp. 913–17.

38
. M. Stauber, “Psychosomatic Problems of Childless Couples,”
Archives of Gynecology
and Obstetrics,
vol. 245, nos. 1–4 (1989), pp. 1047–50.

39
. L. Jeker et al., “Wish for a Child and Infertility: A Study of 116 Couples. I. Interview and Psychodynamic Hypotheses,”
International Journal of Fertility,
vol. 33, no. 6 (1988), pp. 411–20.

40
. T. Shevell et al., “Assisted Reproductive Technology and Pregnancy Outcome,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 106, no. 5 (Nov. 2005), pp. 1039–45.

41
. Ellen Hopkins, “Tales from the Baby Factory,”
New York Times Magazine
(Mar. 15, 1992).

42
. P. Kemeter, “Studies on Psychosomatic Implications of Infertility: Effects of Emotional Stress on Fertilization and Implantation in In Vitro Fertilization,”
Human
Reproduction,
vol. 3, no. 3 (April 1988), pp. 341–52.

43
. F. Facchinetti et al., “An Increased Vulnerability to Stress Is Associated with a Poor Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization—Embryo Transfer Treatment,”
Fertility
and Sterility,
vol. 67 (1997), pp. 309–14.

44
. Karl Menninger, “Somatic Correlations with the Unconscious Repudiation of Femininity in Women,”
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
vol. 89 (1939), p. 514; Therese Benedek and Boris Rubenstein, “Correlations Between Ovarian Activity and Psychodynamic Processes: The Ovulatory Phase,”
Psychosomatic
Medicine,
vol. 1, no. 2 (1939), pp. 245–70; A. Mayer, “Sterility in Women as a Result of Functional Disturbance,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
vol. 105 (1935), p. 1474; Kemeter, “Studies on Psychosomatic Implications of Infertility.”

45
. Havelock Ellis,
Studies in the Psychology of Sex
(Philadelphia: Davis and Co., 1928); T. H. Van de Veld,
Fertility and Sterility in Marriage
(New York: Covic Fried, 1931).

46
. H. F. Dunbar,
Emotions and Bodily Changes
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1935), p. 595; R. L. Dickerson, “Medical Analysis of 1000 Marriages,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
vol. 97 (1931), p. 529; C. C. Norris, “Sterility in the Female Without Gross Pathology,”
Surgery, Gynecology, and
Obstetrics,
vol. 15 (1912), p. 706.

47
. D. H. Hellhammer et al., “Male Infertility, Relationships Among Gonadotropins, Sex Steroids, Seminal Parameters, and Personality Attitudes,”
Psychosomatic
Medicine,
vol. 47, no. 1 (1985), pp. 58–66.

48
. A. M. Brkovich and W. A. Fisher, “Psychological Distress and Infertility: Forty Years of Research,”
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
vol. 19, no. 4 (Dec. 1998), pp. 218–28.

49
. A. D. Domar et al., “The Mind/Body Program for Infertility: A New Behavioral Treatment Approach for Women with Infertility,”
Fertility and Sterility,
vol. 53., no. 2 (Feb. 1990), pp. 246–49.

50
. Reproductive Health Technologies Project,
Ovarian Stimulation and Egg Retrieval:
Overview and Issues to Consider
(Washington, DC, 2009), available online at
www.rhtp.org/documents/RHTP-OvarianStimulationandEggRetrievalPaperUpdated.pdf
.

51
. Some of this material was originally published in the June 1997 issue of Christiane Northrup’s newsletter,
Health Wisdom for Women.

52
. D. R. Meldrum, “Female Reproductive Aging—Ovarian and Uterine Factors,”
Fertility and Sterility,
vol. 59, vol. 1 (Jan. 1993), pp. 1–5; C. Wood, I. Calderon, and A. Crombie, “Age and Fertility: Results of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Women over 40 Years,”
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics,
vol. 9, no. 5 (Oct. 1992), p. 482–84; S. L. Tan et al., “Cumulative Conception and Live-birth Rates After In-Vitro Fertilisation,”
The Lancet,
vol. 339, no. 8806 (June 1992), p. 1390–4.

53
. W. J. Kennedy,
Edinburgh Medical Journal,
vol. 27 (1882), p. 1086.

54
. Personal communication from Brant Secunda.

55
. J. Johnson et al., “Germline Stem Cells and Follicular Renewal in the Postnatal Mammalian Ovary,”
Nature,
vol. 428, no. 6979 (March 11, 2004), pp. 145–50.

56
. B. E. Hamilton et al., “Births: Preliminary Data for 2007,”
National Vital Statistics
Report,
vol. 57, no. 12 (March 18, 2009), p. 2.

57
. S. K. Henshaw, “Unintended Pregnancy in the United States,”
Family Planning
Perspectives,
vol. 30, no. 1 (Jan.–Feb. 1998), pp. 24–29, 46.

58
. H. Benson, “Stress, Anxiety and the Relaxation Response,”
Behavioral Biology in
Medicine: A Monograph Series,
No. 3 (So. Norwalk, CT: Meducation, 1985), pp. 1–28.

59
. While the pregnancy rate for other infertile couples seeking medical treatment is be tween 17 and 25 percent, the pregnancy rate in Dr. Domar’s program is 44 percent, with 37 percent taking home a baby (some pregnancies end in miscarriage). “The Goddess of Fertility,”
Boston Magazine,
March 1997, pp. 57–117.

60
. Facchinetti et al., “An Increased Vulnerability to Stress.”

61
. Harry Fisch with Stephen Braun,
The Male Biological Clock: The Startling News
About Aging, Sexuality, and Fertility in Men
(New York: Free Press, 2005), p. xiii.

62
. J. Pei et al., “Quantitative Evaluation of Spermatozoa Ultrastructure After Acupuncture Treatment for Idiopathic Male Infertility,”
Fertility and Sterility,
vol. 84, no. 1 (July 2005), pp. 141–47.

63
. Fisch, p. xiv.

64
. E. Dewan, “On the Possibility of a Perfect Rhythm Method of Birth Control by Periodic Light Stimulation,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 99, no. 7 (Dec. 1, 1967), pp. 1016–19. See also notes for chapter 5, “The Menstrual Cycle.”

65
. E. R. Gonzalez, “Sperm Swim Singly After Vitamin C Therapy,”
Journal of the
American Medical Association,
vol. 20 (1983), p. 2747; T. R. Haroma et al., “Zinc, Plasma Androgens, and Male Sterility,” letter to the editor,
The Lancet,
vol. 3 (1977), pp. 1125–26; M. Igarashi, “Augmentative Effects of Ascorbic Acid upon Induction of Human Ovulation in Clomiphene Ineffective Anovulatory Women,”
International Journal of Fertility,
vol. 22, no. 3 (1977), pp. 68–73; D. W. Dawson, “Infertility and Folate Deficiency,” case reports,
British Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
vol. 89 (1982), p. 678.

66
. J. Hargrove and E. Guy, “Effect of Vitamin B6 on Infertility in Women with Premenstrual Tension Syndrome,”
Infertility,
vol. 2, no. 4 (1979), pp. 315–22.

67
. L. M. Westphal et al., “A Nutritional Supplement for Improving Fertility in Women: A Pilot Study,”
Journal of Reproductive Medicine,
vol. 49, no. 4 (Apr. 2004), pp. 289–93.

68
. D. E. Stewart et al., “Infertility and Eating Disorders,”
American Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynecology,
vol. 163 (1990), pp. 1196–99.

69
. A. Blau et al., “The Psychogenic Etiology of Premature Births,”
Psychosomatic
Medicine,
vol. 25 (1963), p. 201; Robert J. Weil, “The Problem of Spontaneous Abortion,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 73 (1957), p. 322.

70
. L. Fenster et al., “Caffeinated Beverages, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Spontaneous Abortion,”
Epidemiology,
vol. 8., no. 5 (Sept. 1997), pp. 515–23.

71
. R. L. Bick and D. Hoppensteadt, “Recurrent Miscarriage Syndrome and Infertility Due to Blood Coagulation Protein/Platelet Defects: A Review and Update,”
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis,
vol. 11, no. 1 (January 2005), pp. 1–13; F. E. Preston et al., “Increased Fetal Loss in Women with Heritable Throm-bopilia,”
Lancet,
vol. 348, no. 9032 (October 5, 1996), pp. 913–16.

72
. R. Stanford, “Recurrent Miscarriage Syndrome Treated with Acupuncture and an Allergy Elimination/Desensitization Technique,”
Alternative Therapies in Health
and Medicine,
vol. 15, no. 5 (September-October, 2009), pp. 62–63.

73
. Robert J. Weil and C. Tupper, “Personality, Life Situation, Communication: A Study of Habitual Abortion,”
Psychosomatic Medicine,
vol. 22, no. 6 (1960), pp. 448–55.

74
. Ibid.

75
. E. R. Grimm, “Psychological Investigation or Habitual Abortion,”
Psychosomatic
Medicine,
vol. 24, no. 4 (1962), pp. 370–78.

76
. R. L. VandenBergh, “Emotional Illness in Habitual Aborters Following Suturing of Incompetent Cervical Os,”
Psychosomatic Medicine,
vol. 28, no. 3 (1966), pp. 257–63.

77
. “Chapter 10: Ectopic Pregnancy,” in F. Gary Cunningham et al., eds.,
Williams
Obstetrics,
22d ed. (New York: McGraw Hill Professional, 2005), pp. 254–55.

78
. Jennifer Ehrle Macomber, Erica H. Zielewski, Kate Chambers, and Rob Geen, “Foster Care Adoption in the United States: An Analysis of Interest in Adoption and a Review of State Recruitment Strategies,” Urban Institute, Washington, D.C., November 2005.

79
. Union of Concerned Scientists, 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge, MA 02238; 617-547-5552;
www.ucsusa.org
. Chapter 12

Chapter 12

1
. Betsey Stevenson as quoted by Maureen Dowd, “Blue is the New Black,”
New
York Times
(September 20, 2009), p. WK9. Betsey Stevenson is coauthor with Justin Wolfers of “The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness,” to be published in an upcoming edition of the
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy.

2
. Center for Women’s Business Research, “Key Facts About Women-Owned Businesses” (2009), also available online at
www.womensbusinessresearchcenter.org/ research/keyfacts
; Brad Harrington and Jamie Ladge, “Got Talent? It Isn’t Hard to Find,” in Heather Boushey and Ann O’Leary, eds.,
The Shriver Report: A
Woman’s Nation Changes Everything
(Washington, DC: Center for American Progress, 2009), p. 206.

3
. Maria Shriver, “The Unfinished Revolution,”
Time
(October 26, 2009);
The
Shriver Report: A Woman’s Nation Changes Everything
(Washington, DC: Center for American Progress, 2009).

4
. Thomas R. Verny and Pamela Weintraub,
Tomorrow’s Baby: The Art and Science
of Parenting from Conception Through Infancy
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), p. 29.

5
. Peter W. Nathanielsz,
Life in the Womb: The Origin of Health and Disease
(Ithaca, NY: Promethean Press, 1999); L. Szabo, “Aging Well Starts in Womb, As Mom’s Choices Affect Whole Life,”
USA Today
(June 30, 2009), also available online at
www.usatoday.com
www.usatoday.com/news/health/2009-06-30-prenatalcover_N.htm
.