Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom (192 page)

100
. National Cancer Institute, “National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet: BRCA1 and BRCA2: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing.”

101
. M. B. Fitzgerald et al., “Germ Line BrCa 1 Mutations in Jewish and Non-Jewish Women with Early Onset Breast Cancer,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 334, no. 3 (1996), pp. 143–49; F. S. Collins, “BrCa 1: Lots of Mutations, Lots of Dilemmas,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 334, no. 3 (1996), pp. 186–88; A. A. Langston, “BrCa 1 Mutations in Population-Based Sample of Young Women with Breast Cancer,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 334, no. 3 (1996), pp. 137–42.

102
. C. B. Begg, R. W. Haile, A. Borg, et al., “Variation of Breast Cancer Risk Among BRCA 1/2 Carriers,”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
vol. 299, no. 2 (January 9, 2008), pp. 194–201.

103
. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, “Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility: Recommendation Statement,”
Annals of Internal Medicine,
vol. 143, no. 5 (September 6, 2005), pp. 355–61.

104
. R. Semelka, “Imaging X-Rays Cause Cancer: A Call to Action for Caregivers and Patients,”
Medscape
(Feb. 13, 2006; reviewed and renewed Feb. 16, 2007).

105
. S. B. Haga et al., “Genomic Profiling to Promote a Healthy Lifestyle: Not Ready For Prime Time,”
Nature Genetics,
vol. 34, no. 4 (Aug. 2003), pp. 347–50.

106
. Sonia Johnson,
Wildfire: Igniting the She-volution
(Albuquerque, NM: Wildfire Books, 1990), p. 38.

107
. Breast cancer, in the conventional sense, can recur anytime. That’s why no conven-tional doctor would consider Monica “cured.” They would say that she is “in remission.” Whatever one calls it, I like the way she looks and is living her life.

108
. For a fascinating account of the breast implant controversy, see the “Chronology of Silicone Breast Implants” page on the website for the PBS show
Frontline
at
www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/implants/cron .html
.

109
. L. A. Brinton et al., “Cancer Risk at Sites Other Than the Breast Following Augmentation Mammoplasty,”
Annals of Epidemiology,
vol. 11, no. 4 (May 2001), pp. 248–56.

110
. Implant statistics cited in Marsha Angell, “Shattuck Lecture—Evaluating the Health Risks of Breast Implants: The Interplay of Medical Science, the Law, and Public Opinion,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 334, no. 23 (1996), pp. 1513–18.

111
. L. A. Brinton et al., “Mortality Among Augmentation Mammoplasty Patients,”
Epidemiology,
vol. 12, no. 3 (May 2001), pp. 321–26.

112
. D. B. Sarwer, G. K. Brown, and D. L. Evans, “Cosmetic Breast Augmentation and Suicide,”
American Journal of Psychiatry,
vol. 164, no. 7 (July 2007), pp. 1006–13.

113
. V. C. Koot et al., “Total and Cause Specific Mortality Among Swedish Women with Cosmetic Breast Implants: Prospective Study,”
British Medical Journal,
vol. 326, no. 7388 (March 8, 2003), pp. 527–28.

114
. J. S. Hasan, “Psychological Issues in Cosmetic Surgery: A Functional Overview,”
Annals of Plastic Surgery,
vol. 44, no. 1 (Jan. 2000), pp. 89–96.

115
. Personal communication from Mona Lisa Schulz, M.D., Ph.D., who researched the area thoroughly prior to having bilateral reconstructions herself after the diagnosis of breast cancer.

116
. “Saline-Filled Breast Implant Surgery: Making an Informed Decision,” patient labeling for saline-filled breast implants, Mentor Corporation (updated Jan. 2004); “Making an Informed Decision: Saline-Filled Breast Implant Surgery; 2004 Update,” patient labeling for saline-filled breast implants, INAMED Corporation (updated Nov. 2004).

117
. Nancy Hurst, “Lactation After Augmentation Mammoplasty,”
Obstetrics and
Gynecology,
vol. 87, no. 1 (1996), pp. 30–34.

118
. A. R. Staib and D. R. Logan, “Hypnotic Stimulation of Breast Growth,”
American
Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
(Apr. 1977); R. D. Willard, “Breast Enlargement Through Visual Imagery and Hypnosis,”
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
(Apr. 1977); J. E. Williams, “Stimulation of Breast Growth by Hypnosis,”
Journal
of Sex Research,
vol. 10, no. 4 (1974), pp. 316–26; L. M. LeCron, “Breast Development Through Hypnotic Suggestion,”
Journal of the American Society of Psychosomatic
Dentistry and Medicine,
vol. 16, no. 2 (1969), pp. 58–62.

Chapter 11

1
. Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz, “The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions,”
Journal of Political Economy,
vol. 110, no. 4 (August 2002), pp. 730–70, available online at
www.jstor.org/ pss/3078534
.

2
. David Chamberlain,
The Mind of Your Newborn Baby
(Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1998); see also
www.birthpsychology.com
www.birthpsychology.com
.

3
. I met a woman ob-gyn physician from China who told me she had performed twenty thousand abortions in her career. In China, only one child per couple is allowed— sometimes not even one. Abortion is commonly used for birth control. If a couple has more than one child, the parents may lose a job or be subject to other sanctions. As a result, Chinese couples now selectively abort female fetuses, and an entire generation of young men do not have enough women their age for wives—a fact that, although tragic, seems a cruel kind of justice.

4
. Carroll Smith-Rosenberg,
Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian
America
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).

5
. In a society in which there is so much incest and rape, sexual behavior is often dis-torted, starting in childhood. Any woman who has recovered from sexual abuse will tell you that having multiple sexual partners and sexual “acting out” are among the consequences of sexual abuse. I’m not blaming these women. I’m merely suggesting that we need to start the healing process somewhere.

6
. Available from Kris Bercov, at 407-628-0095;
www.innerpeacework.net
.

7
. Smith-Rosenberg,
Disorderly Conduct.

8
. Smith-Rosenberg,
Disorderly Conduct,
p. 218.

9
. M. Melbye, J. Wohlfahrt, et al., “Induced Abortion and the Risk of Breast Cancer,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 336 (1996), pp. 81–85.

10
. Gladys T. McGarey,
Born to Live
(Phoenix, AZ: Inkwell Production, 2001), p. 54. For more information, contact Gladys T. McGarey Medical Foundation, 4848 E. Cactus Rd., Suite 505–506, Scottsdale, AZ 85254; 480-946-4544;
www.mcgarey foundation.org
.

11
. J. Trussell, F. Stewart, F. Guest, and R. A. Hatcher, “Emergency Contraceptive Pills: A Simple Proposal to Reduce Unintended Pregnancies,”
Family Planning
Perspectives,
vol. 24, no. 6 (Nov.–Dec. 1992), pp. 269–73.

12
. R. Hatcher et al.,
Contraceptive Technology
(New York: Irvington Publishers, 1991).

13
. M. K. Horwitt et al., “Relationship Between Levels of Blood Lipids, Vitamins C, A, E, Serum Copper, and Urinary Excretion of Tryptophan Metabolites in Women Taking Oral Contraceptive Therapy,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
vol. 28 (1975), pp. 403–12; K. Amatayakul, “Vitamin Metabolism and the Effects of Multivitamin Supplementation in Oral Contraceptive Users,”
Contraception,
vol. 30, no. 2 (1984), pp. 179–96; and J. L. Webb, “Nutritional Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use,”
Journal of Reproductive Health,
vol. 25, no. 4 (1980), p. 151.

14
. A. M. Kaunitz, “Oral Contraceptives,” in Thomas G. Stovall and Frank W. Ling, eds.,
Gynecology for the Primary Care Physician
(Philadelphia: Current Medicine, 1999).

15
. I. F. Godsland et al., “The Effects of Different Formulations of Oral Contraceptive Agents on Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 323, no. 20 (Nov. 15, 1990), pp. 1375–81.

16
. M. Bernier et al., “Combined Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,”
Arthritis Care and Research,
vol. 61, no. 4 (April 15, 2009), pp. 476–81.

17
. V. Cogliano et al., “Carcinogenicity of Combined Oestrogen-Progestagen Contraceptives and Menopausal Treatment,”
Lancet Oncology,
vol. 6, no. 8 (August 2005), pp. 552–53.

18
. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, “Breast Cancer and Hormonal Contraceptives: Further Results,”
Contraception,
vol. 54, no. 3 suppl. (Sept. 1996), pp. 1S–106S.

19
. C. Panzer et al., “Impact of Oral Contraceptives on Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Androgen Levels: A Retrospective Study in Women with Sexual Dysfunction,”
Journal of Sexual Medicine,
vol. 3, no. 1 (January 2006), pp. 104–13.

20
. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “FDA Updates Labeling for Ortho Evra Contraceptive Patch,” Nov. 10, 2005, available online at
www.fda.gov/News-Events/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ 2005/ucm108517 .htm
.

21
. Y. C. Le, M. Rahman, and A. B. Berenson, “Early Weight Gain Predicting Later Weight Gain Among Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users,”
Obstetrics and
Gynecology,
vol. 114 (2 Pt 1) (August 2009), pp. 279–84.

22
. Quoted from Joan Morais flyer, used by permission of the author.

23
. My introduction to the true scope of science backing natural family planning came when I heard Joseph Stanford, M.D., speak at the 1993 annual meeting of the American Holistic Medical Association in Kansas City, Kansas. The research that is cited in this section was graciously provided to me by Dr. Stanford, who currently teaches in the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108.

24
. Observation of vaginal mucus discharge to determine time of fertility was originally developed by two physicians, John and Evelyn Billings. Hence, this method is sometimes referred to as the Billings method.

25
. T. W. Hilgers, A. I. Bailey, and A. M. Prebil, “Natural Family Planning IV: The Identification of Postovulatory Infertility,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 58, no. 3 (1981), pp. 345–50.

26
. T. W. Hilgers, “The Medical Applications of Natural Family Planning: A Contemporary Approach to Women’s Health Care” (Omaha, NE: Pope Paul VI Institute Press, 1991); T. W. Hilgers, “The Statistical Evaluation of Natural Methods of Family Planning,”
International Review of Natural Family Planning,
vol. 8, no. 3 (Fall 1984), pp. 226–64; J. Doud, “Use-Effectiveness of the Creighton Model of NFP,”
International Review of Natural Family Planning,
vol. 9, no. 54 (1985).

27
. Thomas Hilgers et al., “Cumulative Pregnancy Rates in Patients with Apparently Normal Fertility and Fertility-Focused Intercourse,”
Journal of Reproductive
Medicine,
vol. 37, no. 10 (Oct. 1992), pp. 864–66.

28
. Quote taken from lecture handout of J. Stanford, annual meeting of the American Holistic Medical Association, March 13, 1993. Study is cited in Hilgers, “The Medical Applications of Natural Family Planning.”

29
. A. Wilcox and C. Weinberg, “Timing of Sexual Intercourse in Relation to Ovulation: Effects on the Probability of Conception, Survival of Pregnancy, and Sex of Baby,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 333 (December 7, 1995), pp. 1517–21.

30
. H. Klaus, “Natural Family Planning: A Review,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Survey, vol. 37, no. 2 (Feb. 1982), pp. 128–50; T. W. Hilgers and A. M. Prebil, “The Ovulation Method: Vulvar Observations as an Index of Fertility and Infertility,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 53, no. 1 (Jan. 1979), pp. 12–22; World Health Organization, “A Prospective Multicentre Trial of the Ovulation Method of Natural Family Planning: I. The Teaching Phase,”
Fertility and Sterility,
vol. 362 (Aug. 1981), pp. 152–58.

31
. T. W. Hilgers, G. F. Abraham, and D. Cavanagh, “Natural Family Planning. I. The Peak Symptom and Estimated Time of Ovulation,”
American Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynecology,
vol. 52, no. 5 (Nov. 1978), pp. 575–82.

32
. Material for this section was obtained from Dr. Joseph Stanford.

33
. J. F. Cattanach and B. J. Milne, “Post-Tubal Sterilization Problems Correlated with Ovarian Steroidogenesis,”
Contraception,
vol. 38, no. 5 (1988); J. Donnez, M. Wauters, and K. Thomas, “Luteal Function After Tubal Sterilization,”
Obstetrics
and Gynecology,
vol. 57, no. 1 (1981); M. M. Cohen, “Long-Term Risk of Hysterectomy After Tubal Sterilization,”
American Journal of Epidemiology,
vol. 125 (1987).